Module2unit1grammar現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)

1、1 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法：1）表示剛剛完成的動(dòng)作，常與just連用。2）表示過去發(fā)生而持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，甚至延續(xù)到將來。常與since, for連用，但for, since不能與終止性的動(dòng)詞連用。3）表示過去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。Grammar Present perfect tensePresent perfect continuous tensePresent perfect tense We form the present perfect tense with have/has and the past participle of the verb. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成have

2、/has + done (過去分詞過去分詞)5現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法1.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示的動(dòng)作在說話之前已完成，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示的動(dòng)作在說話之前已完成，但對(duì)現(xiàn)在有影響。句中沒有具體時(shí)間狀語。但對(duì)現(xiàn)在有影響。句中沒有具體時(shí)間狀語。 We have bought a new computer. 含義是現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)有電腦了。含義是現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)有電腦了。 He has given up drinking. 含義是他現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不喝酒了含義是他現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不喝酒了。6 He has gone to Beijing. 她已經(jīng)到北京去了。她已經(jīng)到北京去了。 含義是：她已前往北京，或在途中，或已到含義是：她已前往北京，

3、或在途中，或已到過現(xiàn)在人不在這里。過現(xiàn)在人不在這里。 He has been to Beijing. 她曾到過北京。她曾到過北京。 含義是：她去過北京。表示一種經(jīng)歷，說話時(shí)含義是：她去過北京。表示一種經(jīng)歷，說話時(shí)她還在這里。她還在這里。havehas gone tohave/has been to72.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可以表示過去發(fā)生而持續(xù)到現(xiàn)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可以表示過去發(fā)生而持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在（也許還會(huì)繼續(xù)進(jìn)行下去）的動(dòng)作或狀在（也許還會(huì)繼續(xù)進(jìn)行下去）的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。這一用法通常都要與態(tài)。這一用法通常都要與for, since等等開頭的表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用。開頭的表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用。She has live

4、d here for more than ten years.她已在此住了她已在此住了10多年了。多年了。含義是她可能現(xiàn)在已不住在這里，也有可能再住下去。含義是她可能現(xiàn)在已不住在這里，也有可能再住下去。She has studied English since 1998. 她從她從2004年起就開始學(xué)習(xí)英語。年起就開始學(xué)習(xí)英語。forfor后接的是時(shí)間段后接的是時(shí)間段sincesince后接時(shí)間點(diǎn)，而且后面后接時(shí)間點(diǎn)，而且后面跟的是過去時(shí)間。跟的是過去時(shí)間。8 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)不能和明確的時(shí)間狀語不能和明確的時(shí)間狀語（last week, just now, in 1949, yester

5、day等）等）連用連用，但可以，但可以和不明確的時(shí)間狀語（如：和不明確的時(shí)間狀語（如：already/yet, recently/lately, ever/never, just, twice/three times 等）連用；也可以和表示包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的等）連用；也可以和表示包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的時(shí)間狀語（如：時(shí)間狀語（如：this morning, today, now, this week/month，so far 等）連用。等）連用。It has been cold this winter. 今年冬天一直很冷。（說話時(shí)還是冬天。）今年冬天一直很冷。（說話時(shí)還是冬天。） 9在過去幾年中，我們家鄉(xiāng)發(fā)

6、生了巨大的變化。在過去幾年中，我們家鄉(xiāng)發(fā)生了巨大的變化。 There were great changes in our home-town in the past few years. There have been great changes in our hometown in the past few years.析析 In / During the past / last + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)名詞是是完成時(shí)態(tài)的標(biāo)志之一。完成時(shí)態(tài)的標(biāo)志之一。 誤誤 正正 10 1. It has come here for a few weeks. 2. She has joined the Party

7、for several weeks. It came here a few weeks ago.It came here a few weeks ago.It has been here for a few weeks.It has been here for a few weeks.She joined the Party several weeks ago.She joined the Party several weeks ago.She has been a Party member for several She has been a Party member for several

8、 weeks.weeks.一定要注意，像一定要注意，像come, join, marry, leave, come, join, marry, leave, die, arrive, begin, stopdie, arrive, begin, stop等這樣的瞬間動(dòng)詞，等這樣的瞬間動(dòng)詞，它們所表示的動(dòng)作是在一剎那間或很短的一段時(shí)它們所表示的動(dòng)作是在一剎那間或很短的一段時(shí)間內(nèi)完成的；因此，間內(nèi)完成的；因此，瞬間動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的瞬間動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的肯定式不可與表示時(shí)間段的時(shí)間狀語連用肯定式不可與表示時(shí)間段的時(shí)間狀語連用。 11他父親離開祖國(guó)已經(jīng)他父親離開祖國(guó)已經(jīng)50年了。年了。析析 瞬間動(dòng)詞

9、的完成時(shí)的肯定式不能與表示瞬間動(dòng)詞的完成時(shí)的肯定式不能與表示一段一段時(shí)間的狀語時(shí)間的狀語連用連用。His father has been away from his homeland for fifty years.His father left his homeland fifty years ago.His father has left his homeland for fifty years. 12I have received his letter for almost a month.注意：注意：瞬間動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的肯定式不瞬間動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的肯定式不可與表示時(shí)間段的時(shí)間狀語連

10、用；可與表示時(shí)間段的時(shí)間狀語連用； 瞬間動(dòng)詞的否定形式可以與表示延瞬間動(dòng)詞的否定形式可以與表示延續(xù)時(shí)間的狀語連用續(xù)時(shí)間的狀語連用。即動(dòng)作不發(fā)生的狀態(tài)即動(dòng)作不發(fā)生的狀態(tài)是可以持續(xù)的。是可以持續(xù)的。I havent received his letter for almost a month. 131）It/This is the first / second time. that結(jié)構(gòu)中的從句部分，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。結(jié)構(gòu)中的從句部分，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。例如： It is the first time that I have visited the city. 這是我第一次訪問這城市。這是我第一次訪問這城市

11、。 這是我第一次聽他唱歌。這是我第一次聽他唱歌。 This is the first time （that） Ive heard him sing. 注意：注意：It was the third time that the boy had been late. 用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句型用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句型14典型例題典型例題（1）-Do you know our town at all? -No, this is the first time I _ here. A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming B BThis is the first time 后

12、面所加從句應(yīng)為后面所加從句應(yīng)為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，故選現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，故選B。15-Have you _ been to our town before?-No, its the first time I _ here. A. even, come B. even, have come C. ever, come D. ever, have comeD Deverever意為曾經(jīng)或無論何時(shí)，反意詞為意為曾經(jīng)或無論何時(shí)，反意詞為nevernever，此兩詞常用于完成時(shí)。此兩詞常用于完成時(shí)。16 Look at the following sentences and point out what tense

13、or tenses are used in them and the reasons why they are used. 17 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的區(qū)別：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的區(qū)別： 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系，它表示過去的動(dòng)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系，它表示過去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在所產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果、影響。作對(duì)現(xiàn)在所產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果、影響。 一般過去時(shí)通常表示在過去某一具體時(shí)間發(fā)一般過去時(shí)通常表示在過去某一具體時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，與現(xiàn)在沒什么聯(lián)系。生的動(dòng)作，與現(xiàn)在沒什么聯(lián)系。I have lost my pen.I lost my pen yesterday.18 1 We have studied English

14、 for about five years. We began to study it five years ago.2 Eric left home last year and has just come back.3 Justin has been away from home for several days. He disappeared last Friday.4 They bought this house three years ago and they have lived here since then.5 My brother went to see my grandpa

15、last week. He has visited him three times this month.19Practice The tape recorder _ (be) out of order last week.We _ (have) it repaired the day Before yesterday.It _ (be) in good condition ever since.We _ (know) each other since we_ (be) boys.washadhas beenhave knownwereExercise:Page 8 My friend Jac

16、k has just sent me an e-mail, telling me about his travels around the world. He has just been (just be) to Qomolangma Base Camp and _ (see) a Yeti there. He is still very excited about it. He _ (visit) the Great Pyramid in Egypt too. He says that he _(love) Egypt but he _(not visit) all the pyramids

17、 yet. sawhas visitedloveshasnt visited He _ (swim) in Loch Ness, but luckily he _ (never meet) the Loch Ness Monster! He _ (dive) in the Indian Ocean many times looking for treasure. Although he _ (find)many sunken ships, he _ (not find) any treasure. _ he _ (be)to the Great Wall before? Im not sure

18、but I have.has swumhas never methas divedhas foundhasnt foundHasbeen22The present continuous tense現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)構(gòu)成have/has + been + 現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞23現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示在過去某一時(shí)刻開始一直現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示在過去某一時(shí)刻開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作，這一動(dòng)作很可能還要延續(xù)持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作，這一動(dòng)作很可能還要延續(xù)下去。下去。She has been talking to me since she saw me.瞬間動(dòng)詞（如

19、：瞬間動(dòng)詞（如：finish, marry, get up, finish, marry, get up, come, gocome, go等）不能用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。等）不能用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。24現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)常和all this morning, these few days, all night, this month, recently 等狀語以及since和for 所引導(dǎo)的狀語短語或從句連用。25現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的主要區(qū)別 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)著重表示動(dòng)作的著重表示動(dòng)作的延續(xù)性延續(xù)性，而，而 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)著重表示動(dòng)作的著重表示動(dòng)作的結(jié)果結(jié)果。She has r

20、ead this book.She has been reading this book.I have worked here for three years.I have been working here for 3 years.26 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可表示可表示反復(fù)發(fā)生的反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，提問動(dòng)作，提問時(shí)用時(shí)用how many times。 而而現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)則表示則表示持續(xù)的、不間斷持續(xù)的、不間斷的的動(dòng)作，提問時(shí)用動(dòng)作，提問時(shí)用how long。 I have visited Egypt twice this month. How many times have you

21、 visited Egypt? I have been visiting Egypt for two months. How long have you visited Egypt? have been observing have been talking have been taking have been watching have seen have been writing28- I am sorry I _ (keep) you waiting so long.- it is all right. I _ (read) the newspapers.CCTV _ (broadcas

22、t) English programmes ever sine 1977.have kepthave been readinghas been broadcasting practice practice29English weekly 15 第三版 Translation 31習(xí)案習(xí)案: Grammar and usage: Grammar and usage單項(xiàng)選擇和句子翻譯單項(xiàng)選擇和句子翻譯32請(qǐng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)或現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)填空。Since she is out of job, lucy _ (consider) going back to school, but she _ (deci

23、de) yet.He _ (learn) a great deal since he joined in the company.333. -_ you _ (see) my dictionary? -Yes, I put it in your desk just now.4. This is the third time that I _(visit) hong kong.5. sorry, I late. I was caught in the traffic jam. thats all right. I _ (not wait) long.341. _ that dress when

24、I first saw you at the station? A. Were you wearing B. Have you worn C. Did you wear D. do you wear2. Kate doesnt look very well. Whats wrong with her? She has a headache because she _ too long; she ought to stop work. A. has been reading B. had read C. is reading D. was reading3. “Tell the students

25、 to stop shouting. We _ our essays .” A. write B. have been writing C. are writing D. have written354. My uncle, Sam,_ manager of the firm. A. has just made B. is just being made C. has just been made D. is just made5. This is the first time the students _ to Hyde Park. A. have gone B. have been gon

26、e C. have been going D. are being gone6. She _ her mothers work since she was admitted into hospital. A. is doing B. has been doing C. has done D. has been done7. Now that you _ , what are you going to do? A. are being returned B. have been returning C. have been returned D. have returned368. I _ th

27、e incident as if it were yesterday. A. am still to remember B. have still been remembering C. am being still remembered D. still remember9. Where_ the map? I cant see anywhere. I _ it right here just now. A. did you put; have put B. have you put; put C. had you put; was putting D. were you putting;

28、have put10. John told Mary that he _ what he was doing during the vacation. A. was just asked B. was just asking C. had just been asked D. had just asked3711. I started my teaching career at the school. That was more than twenty years ago, and I _ there ever since. A. was B. had been C. will be D. h

29、ave been12. We _ fine weather for the past few days. A. have B. are having C. have been had D. have been having13. It _ every day so far this month. A. is raining B. rains C. has rained D. has been rained14. By the end of last year they _ 1,000 machines. A. turned out B. had turned out C. would turn

30、 out D. had been turned out3815. Dont put the waste on the ground. Oh, Im very sorry. I _ the dustbin there. A. dont see B. isnt seeing C. didnt see D. havent seen16. Good heavens! There you are! We _ anxious about you. We _ you back much earlier all through the night. A. are; expect B. were; had ex

31、pected C. will be; are expecting D. have been; were expecting39 1. It has come here for a few weeks. 2. She has joined the Party for several weeks. 1. It came here a few weeks ago.或It has been here for a few weeks. 2. She joined the Party several weeks ago. 或She has been a Party member for several w

32、eeks. 大家一定要注意，像come, marry, join, arrive, leave, begin, die, stop等這樣的瞬間動(dòng)詞，它們所表示的動(dòng)作是在一剎那間或很短的一段時(shí)間內(nèi)完成的；因此，它們的完成時(shí)怎么能夠和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用呢？ 40Practice -_ you _ my pen? (see)-Yes, I _ it on your desk just now.Have seensaw412 2）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過去延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的行為；）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過去延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的行為；一般過去時(shí)著重過去某一時(shí)刻的某一具體動(dòng)一般過去時(shí)著重過去某一時(shí)刻的某一具體動(dòng)作。作。She ha

33、s been an English teacher for 5 years.She was an English teacher for 5 years.她當(dāng)了五年英語老師了。她當(dāng)了五年英語老師了。她當(dāng)過五年英語老師。她當(dāng)過五年英語老師。42表示短暫時(shí)間動(dòng)作的詞如：come, go, die, marry, buy, leave, join 等的完成時(shí)不能與for, since等詞連用。 The disappearance of Justin (make)Kelly very unhappy. has madeWe use the present perfect tense to talk a

34、bout things that happened in the recent past, but are connected to the present. I (not see)Justin since last Friday nighthave not seenWe also use the present perfect tense to talk about something that started in the past, and is still happening now. We use the present perfect tense when the exact ti

35、me of an action is not clear or important. We use it with time expressions such as: already yet just for since ever never lately recentlyWe use already for affirmative statements and yet for negative statements.The boy has already come here.I havent heard anything from him yet. We use for + a period

36、 of time and since + a point in time. We havent seen him for two years. We havent seen him since 2002 We use the present perfect tense to talk about actions that were completed only a short time ago. The police have just finished searching the area.We can also use the present perfect tense for repea

37、ted actions. Some villagers say that they have been UFOS many times .Present perfect continuous tense We use the present perfect continuous tense to talk about actions that started in the past and are still continuing.I have not been sleeping well since I returned homeI returned homeI am still not s

38、leeping well.Not being able to sleep wellPast presentWe also use the present perfect continuous tense to talk about actions that have just finished but are still connected to the presentin some way . Kelly :sorry , Im late . Have you been waiting long ?Mavis :Yes. Ive been waiting for an hour. Past

39、Kelly arrives.Mavis started waiting for Kelly presentOne hour agoWe form the present perfect continuous tense with have /has been and the present participle of the verb.Present perfect or present perfect continuous?We use the present perfect tense to talk about an action completed in the recent past

40、 , and the present perfect continuous tense for an action that started in the past and is still happening. Li Jia has read a book about stonehenge.(She finished reading the book.)Li Jia has been reading a book about stonehenge. (She is still reading the book.) 2.We can use the present perfect tense

41、for repeated actions, and the present perfect continuous tense for non-stop actions. I _Egypt twice this month. I _ Egypt for two months. has visited has been touring 2.We usually use the present perfect tense to ask questions beginning with how many / much, and the present perfect continuous tense

42、to ask questions beginning with how long .How many times have you swum in the lake? How long have you been swimming in the lake ? 3.We can use either a state verb or an action verb with the present perfect tense but we usually can only use an action verb with the present perfect continuous tense.1)I

43、 have had this camera for five years.2)I have action photos of UFOs with this camera.3)I have been writing photos of UFOs with this camera.state verbaction verbaction verb 5.We use the present perfect tense, not the present perfect continuous tense, with the words like never, yet, already and ever.

44、Ive never visited Paris. Ive already been to Paris.Choose the right words_Where do you think the boy has been waiting?What have the aliens been travelling in? What does it look like?Who else have the aliens talked to?What other planets have the aliens visited? Sample answers B 1 He has been waiting

45、at an underground station. 2 They have been traveling in an UFO. It looks like a saucer. 3 They probably have talked to animals or plants on the earth as well as creatures on other plants. 4 They have visited Mars, Venus, Jupiter and some other planets.Key sentences: Police in American have stepped

46、up their search for a fifteen-year-old boy People have shown great interest in his disappearance I havent seen Justin since. Some people in Dover also say that they have seen aliens. Police have not ruled out the possibility that Justin was taken by aliens, but who has taken charge of the case.have/

47、has(not)+past participleEx:A:Have you_ been to New York?B: No, I havent been to New York_.I have gone to Beijing_ . But I will go to New York this summer.A:Im sure youll like it.Hey, do you know that my family have owned a plane_1920.B:I dont believe your family have had a plane_ over 80 years.A:In fact, you have seen it in the sitting room_.B:Yes,I have_ noticed it.But I have seen it many times.Its only a model.everrecently/latelysinceforalreadyyetjustonce/twice/three times/