初中英語(yǔ)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞講解練習(xí)與答案

1、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,考點(diǎn)、熱點(diǎn)回顧【詞匯辨析】1. sometimes/ some times/sometime/ some time:sometimes:有時(shí)”=at times. He is sometimes late for school.some times:幾次I have been to Nanjing some times.sometime:“某時(shí)亥I bought it sometime last spring.We ll meet again sometime next week.some time:段時(shí)間“We have to stay here for some time.2.

2、many/ much/ a few/ a little/ few/ little(1)many修飾可數(shù)名詞，much修飾不可數(shù)名詞；都表示許多。例如：許多書許多牛奶(2)a few 和a little 都表示有一點(diǎn)兒，側(cè)重于肯定，相當(dāng)于some,但a few修飾可數(shù)名詞, a little 修飾不可數(shù)名詞，例如：He has a few friends in London.-Would you like some coffee?-Yes, just a little.(3)few和little表示幾乎沒有，側(cè)重否定。few后接可數(shù)名詞，little后接不可數(shù)名詞。例如：He is a stra

3、nge man. He has few words.Hurry up, there is little time left.【固定搭配】加-ingbe busy doing sth. 忙于做 eg: Mother is busy cooking.look forward to + doing sth. 期待做 eg: Tom looks forward to seeing his father again.Thank you for (doing) sth.為了 感謝你 eg: Thank you for your help.have fun doing sth愉快地做某事 eg: I had

4、 great fun playing in the water.=have a good time doing stheg: I had a good time playing in the water.have problem/trouble/difficulty (in)doing sth.做某事有困難eg: I have difficulty finishing my homework in 2 hours.【情態(tài)動(dòng)詞】又叫情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞。它們具有以下特點(diǎn): 它們必須與其他動(dòng)詞連用，即：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞原形表示說話人對(duì)所述動(dòng)作的看法，如需要、可能、意愿或懷疑等。絕大多數(shù)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒有人稱和數(shù)的變

5、化,即第三人稱單數(shù)不加-s(以be和have開頭的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)除外)。在意義上，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞具有“多義性”。例：can既可表示能力，又可表示可能、允許等意義?！厩閼B(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本用法】1. can的基本用法:表示體力或智力上的能力，即“ 能夠，會(huì):可與be able to 轉(zhuǎn)換。例： He can speak English. = He is able to speak English.-Can you play basketball?-No, I can t.如果表示 將來(lái) 具備的能力, 要用 will be able to 。例：If I have a good sleep, I will be

6、able to do the problem. 表示許可，主要用于口語(yǔ)，書面語(yǔ)一般用may。例： Can we go home now, please?-No, you can t.You can only smoke in this room.You can t keep the library books for more than a month.表示“可能”，與may同義，但一般用在疑問句中。例： What can he possibly want?在否定句中，否定形式can t表示推測(cè)“不大可能”。例： Anybody can make mistakes.The news can t

7、 be true.與第一、二人稱連用時(shí)，還可以就可能的解決問題的方式或可能的行為提出建議。在這里,也可用could使語(yǔ)氣婉轉(zhuǎn)。例：Can / Could we meet again next week?下周我們可以再見面嗎？What shall we do? 我們?cè)趺崔k呢？一We can / could try asking Lucy for help.我們可以請(qǐng)露茜幫忙試試看。You can / could help me with the cooking.你可以幫我做飯。2. may的基本用法：表示“許可”，用can比較口語(yǔ)化。如果你想來(lái)，你就來(lái)。本公園內(nèi)不許摘花。例： You may /

8、 can come if you wish.You may not pick flowers in this park.（may not表示按規(guī)定不許可，如果用 mustn t則表示說話人不許可。） May 11 smoke here?我可以在這里抽煙嗎？No, you mustn t.不行。（ mustn 表示明確的禁止。） 肯定句中表示推測(cè)，“可能”。例：It may rain tomorrow.明天可能會(huì)下雨。The news may not be true.這個(gè)消息可能不會(huì)是真的。注意：如果 在,問句小表示“可能”，通常用 畫。例：Can it be true?那會(huì)是真的嗎？Who c

9、an he be?他究竟是誰(shuí)呢？ 【注意】：-May | I/we ? Yes, you may ./ No, you mustn t .3. must 的基本用法表示必須，強(qiáng)調(diào)說話人的主觀意志例：I must go now, or Ill be late.You must be here by ten o clock.【注意】：表示必須時(shí)，must的否定式為needn t ,或don t have to，而不是mustn也就是：一 Must I/we do it now ? Yes, you must .-No, you needn 1 / don t have to .例:一Must I

10、go with them? No , you L 表示推測(cè)，一般只用于 肯定陳述句，表示非常肯定。例：She didn t look at me. She must be angry. 她不朝我看，一定是生氣了。He is good at English. He must know the word.他英語(yǔ)好，準(zhǔn)知道這個(gè)詞。You must be Mr. Jones.想必您就是瓊斯先生吧。4. have to 的基本用法:have to可視為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，但它與其他情態(tài)動(dòng)詞在用法上稍有不同。其他情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒有人稱和數(shù)的 變化，而have to卻有人稱和數(shù)的變化，要視主語(yǔ)的不同而變化。例：I / Yo

11、u / We / They have to .He / She / It has to .You don t have to .Does she have to ?have to =have got to ,意思是“必須，不得不 “。和must不同之處：must強(qiáng)調(diào)主觀需要have to強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀需要。例：Sorry, I have to leave now.對(duì)不起，現(xiàn)在我得走了。I ve got to go to a meeting. 我得去參加一個(gè)會(huì)議。Will he have to work deep into the night?他將不得不工作到深夜嗎？5. need 的基本用法:nee

12、d的基本詞義是“需要”，它既可作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，又可作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞。need用作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，只用于否定句和疑問句。它只有一種形式，后接動(dòng)詞原形。例：I don t believe you need worry.我相信你沒有必要焦急。 Need we go so soon?我們需要這么早就去嗎？一Yes, we must . / No, we needn t.是的，必須。/不，不必。So I needn t tell him, need I?所以我不需要告訴他，對(duì)吧？請(qǐng)比較以下兩句話的不同意思：You needn t buy the coat.你沒有必要買那件外衣。（你還沒買）You needn t ha

13、ve bought the coat.你沒有必要買這件外衣的。（而你卻買了）【注意】：Need I/we ?Yes , you must ./ - No , you needn t / don t have to .need用作卡義動(dòng)詞且 有時(shí)態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)的變化。如果人作主語(yǔ)，一般后接帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式。即 need to do sth ； 如果物作主語(yǔ)，一般后用 need to be done 或need doing sth 。例如：I need to look up this word in the dictionary.My watch needs mending /to be mend

14、ed .我的手表需要修理了。 We don t need to work today.(= We needn t work today.)Does he need to go right now?(= Need he go right now?)6. had better的基本用法：had bette r常略作d better?，F(xiàn)代語(yǔ)法認(rèn)為它是一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞,因?yàn)樗蠼硬粠o的動(dòng)詞不定式。had better do sth 意思是“最好做某事；還是做某事比較好”。例：You d better get some sleep.你最好睡一會(huì)兒。You d better not do that agai

15、n.你最好別再做那件事。What had we better do now?我們現(xiàn)在怎么做才好呢？Hadn t we better tell her the truth?我們是否最好不告訴她真相？【注意】： You （better.表示勸告或委婉的命令，對(duì)長(zhǎng)輩不宜使用。7. could, should, would, might表示推測(cè):.must多用于肯定句中表示 把握性極大的推測(cè)，意思為“ 一定、肯定”。如：You have worked hard all day. You must be tired.你已辛苦工作一整天了 ，一定累了。The book must be his. His n

16、ame is on the cover.這本書一定是他的，封面上寫著他的名字?！咀⒁狻縨ust不表推測(cè)時(shí)，在肯定句中意思為“必須（強(qiáng)調(diào)內(nèi)在的職責(zé)）”否錯(cuò)句中意思為“不許、禁止”,以它開頭的疑問句否定回答常用needn t或don t （doesn t） have to如:We must obey the traffic rules.我們必須遵守交通規(guī)則。Cars mustn t be parked here.此處嚴(yán)禁停車。一Must we hand in the papers this week?我們必須本星期交論文嗎 ？- No, you needn 訃，你們不必（本星期交）。.can /

17、could多用于否定句、疑問句 或感嘆句中表示推測(cè)、懷疑，兩者在時(shí)間上沒有差別。用 can時(shí)不相信的程度更強(qiáng)一些，甌口常常譯為”“不可能”。如：The man under the tree canTobe . He s gone to England.這個(gè)人不可能是 Tom,他已經(jīng)去英國(guó)了。Can it be true that he was fooled by a five-year-old boy?他被一個(gè)五歲的孩子愚弄了，這能是真的嗎？Could this be an excuse?這會(huì)不會(huì)是個(gè)借口 ？How can you be so careless!你怎么這樣粗心 ！.may /

18、might多用來(lái)表示 把握性不大的推測(cè)，意思為“也許、可能，might比may的把握性更小一些。may not |在否定句中常常譯為| “可能不”（注意區(qū)分“不可能”與“可能不”在把握性大小上的差異。）如：Mr. Wang may know Professor Li s telephoneumber.王先生也許知道李教授的電話號(hào)碼。This might be the key Tom has been looking for.這可能就是湯姆一直在找的鑰匙。She may not be there today.今天她可能不在那兒。典型例題 【中考鏈接】()1. Who is the man ove

19、r there? Is it Mr. Li?一No, itA. mustn tB. may noC. can tD.needn tbe him. Mr. Li is much taller.()2.- Must I go with them tomorrow-No , youA. mustntB. shouldntC. needntD. cant()3.一I take some photos in the hall?No, youA. Can, neednt B. M ust, mustnt C. Could, wont D. May, mustn()4.- Dad, must I finis

20、h my homework today? No, youA. needn t.You may do it tomorrow.B. mustn tC. don tD. won-ItA. must be trueB. can t be trueC. may not be true()6.一What is your mother going to do this Saturday?m not sure. Shego to see my grandmother.A. canB. mustC. may()7.一Susan has bought a large house with a swimming

21、pool.be very expensive. I never even dream about it.A. mustB. mightC. can tD. shouldn()5.- The lake is said to be dry. Is that true?.Look, some kids are swimming in it.-No, itA. needn tB. may notC. mustn tD. can()8. Listen! Is Professor Johnson giving a report in the hall?be him. He has gone to Japa

22、n.take a taxi.A. couldn tB. mustn tC.needn tD. can()9 . Let s go to the West Hill Park by taxi. Oh, it is not far away from here. We Yes, IA. needn tB.needC. can tD. can三、課后練習(xí)、用 can, may, must, need, have to, had better的適當(dāng)形式填空:1.Youreturn the library book on time.2.(not) find the way to the hospital

23、.you show me the()10 . Can you play the piano?.I often practice it on weekends..No, youHe said heHer mother was ill. SheIt s time for class. You(not). You(not) come tonight.do it later.stay at home and look after her.stop playing football or yoube lateway?I finish the work right now?for class

24、.7.Westart right now, or they would get there first.8. The cloud is lifting, so it(not) be a rainy day tomorrow.二、選擇填空()1. Do we have to finish our homework this afternoon? Yes, youA. mustB. canC. mayD.need2. 一 Must I be in hospital for a week,Doctor? No, you.You can go back home tomorrow.A.mustn tB

25、. needn tC. must3. The desk is not dirty. Youclean it.A.mustn tB. shouldn tC. needn tC.()4. May I watch TV for a while No, you.You have to finish your homework first.A. shouldn t B. needn tC. mustn D. won t()5. Is Jessica giving us a speech this evening?-No, itbe her. Sheto Japan.A. mustn t ; has go

26、neB. mustn t ;has beenC. can t ;has goneD.can t ;has been6. It s the library! So youknow shouting is not allowed here.A.canB. mustC.needD. may7. Boys and girls, don t forget your report . Ittoday.A.can t finishB. can t be finishedC. should finishD.shouldbefinished()8. Mr Smith must have been to your

27、 home this morning.一 No, he,because he didnt know my address.A. couldn tB. can tC. mustnD. may not()9. Must I mop up the window now? No, youA. needn tB. can tC. shouldn D.mustn t No. ItA. needn tB. mustC. can t()10. Is Lucy knocking at the door?be Lucy. She is in Japan now. No, thanks. IA. canB. may

28、C. mustD. might()12. Im a little tired. Lets go to the zoo by taxi.take a taxi. Its not far from here.A.can tB. mustnC. couldn tD. needn ()13. If the traffic light is red, youcross the road. Its very dangerousA. don tB. mustn tC.needn tD. wouldn t()11. Another cup of coffee?be off. Mary is waiting f

29、or me.()14. Must I finish watering the flowers now? No, youA. mustB. won tC.needn tD. can t()15. I can t give up smoking, doctor.For your health, I m afraid you.A. mayB. canC. have toD. mustbe rather cold()16. It is usually warm in my hometown in March, but it sometimes.A. mustB. canC. shouldD. woul

30、d()17. Our class won the English speaking contest. Congratulations! You be very proud of it.A. canB. needC. wouldD. must()18. Excuse me, where are we going to have our class meeting?一I m not sure. Ask our monitor, please. He know.A. canB. mayC. needD. shall()19.I borrow these magazines? Sorry, only

31、the magazines over there can be borrowed.A. MustB. WouldC. MayD. Need()20. If the traffic light is red, youcross the road. Its dangerous.A.don tB.needn tC. mustn D. wouldn 典型例題例 1 答案 C 分析：表示否定的猜測(cè)用can t 。 must 表示推測(cè)時(shí)，意為“一定”，只能用于肯定句，而must 的否定 must not ( mustnt )表示“不應(yīng)該”、“不許可”、“不準(zhǔn)”、“禁止”等。例 2 答案 C 分析：在回答帶有must 的問句時(shí)，否定式常用need not (= neednt) ，表示“不必”，而不用 must not ，因?yàn)?must not 表示“不可以”。例 3 答案 D 分析：本題第一句是請(qǐng)求對(duì)方的允許，需要用May ，其否定式為mustn t 。例4答案A。對(duì)于以情態(tài)動(dòng)詞must提問的疑問句，否定回答要用“主NO, +needn t”,故由問句中的must 和答句中的No 可選A。例5 答案B例6 答案C例 7 答案 A 考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞must 表示肯定的推測(cè)。結(jié)合關(guān)鍵信息“I neve