初中英語完型填空解題技巧

1、初中英語完型填空解題技巧初中英語完形填空解題技巧【復(fù)習(xí)要點(diǎn)】 完形填空題是對學(xué)生英語語言知識與語言運(yùn)用能力的一種測試。其考查的形式靈活，綜合性較強(qiáng)，要求考生能綜合運(yùn)用所學(xué)的知識在特定的語境中進(jìn)行合理的推理判斷，并能準(zhǔn)確地從四個(gè)備選項(xiàng)中選出正確答案，使補(bǔ)足后的短文結(jié)構(gòu)完整，意義通暢。 一完形填空題的特點(diǎn) 完形填空題能夠較為準(zhǔn)確地檢查學(xué)生的各項(xiàng)知識水平和綜合運(yùn)用語言知識的能力。這種題型的主要考查內(nèi)容為： 詞語辨析、基本句型、基礎(chǔ)語法； 固定搭配與習(xí)慣表達(dá)； 閱讀理解能力和邏輯推理能力。近年來，完形填空題更側(cè)重對語言應(yīng)用能力、閱讀理解能力的考查。 完形填空題（cloze test）它有以下兩大特點(diǎn)和

2、規(guī)律： 第一，一篇完形填空題是一個(gè)有機(jī)的整體。 盡管看起來形式上有殘缺（若干個(gè)空），但它的內(nèi)容、語言習(xí)慣，句與句之間的銜接點(diǎn)，句子與段落之間的聯(lián)系，段落與段落之間的邏輯順序仍或隱或現(xiàn)地存在于篇章之中。因此，在做完形填空題時(shí)，通讀全文、明了大意、理清觀點(diǎn)、分清層次是十分重要的一步?？忌忸}時(shí)必須自始至終依托語境，注意上下文之間、詞與詞之間，從語法到意義的合理搭配。尤其要注意短文中承上啟下的過渡詞等，如so, but, however, then, therefore, also等。 第二，完形填空題選材廣泛。 它涉及社會、政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)；文化、教育、歷史、地理、科普知識、人物故事等。因此，考生做完形

3、填空題時(shí)，要快速通覽全文，了解文章概貌與各段落的中心意思，把握文章主旨脈絡(luò)，掌握文章作者的意圖。二完形填空題的設(shè)空規(guī)律 為了對完形填空題的各種類型有一個(gè)深入的了解，探索一下該題型的設(shè)空規(guī)律是有必要的。 上下文直接信息題：本類題的設(shè)置特點(diǎn)是，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)之間不存在詞義區(qū)別和用法比較。考生應(yīng)著眼于對上下文信息的捕捉和對上下文暗示的領(lǐng)會。如下列“考題1”中的第7、8、9小題。 詞、句、文三結(jié)合理解題： 本類題的設(shè)置特點(diǎn)是：其中某一個(gè)或幾個(gè)選項(xiàng)代入空白處會使句意不通或嚴(yán)重違背上下句意義的銜接或直接與短文內(nèi)容不符，考生在做這類題時(shí)要對各選項(xiàng)的詞義作準(zhǔn)確的把握。如下列“考題1”中的第4、5小題。 詞義辨析題：

4、 本類題的設(shè)置特點(diǎn)是，各選項(xiàng)代入空中后該句的語法都是正確的，但是句子出現(xiàn)了幾種不同的含義。在做這類題時(shí)，考生要認(rèn)真比較各詞之間的細(xì)微差別。如下列“考題1”中的第1、11、15小題。 語法知識和固定短語考查題： 考生在解答本類題時(shí)要注意句子的語法結(jié)構(gòu)要正確：如時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)等；對固定短語要注意其結(jié)構(gòu)的完整性，如下列“考題1”中的第10小題。 行文邏輯和全文中心把握題： 本類題的設(shè)空特點(diǎn)是：把各選項(xiàng)中的對象代入空格中可導(dǎo)致上下文之間出現(xiàn)因果關(guān)系、遞進(jìn)關(guān)系、轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系、條件關(guān)系等。做本類題時(shí)，考生要注意全文的主線或脈絡(luò)，仔細(xì)分析上下文之間的邏輯關(guān)系，從而準(zhǔn)確地選出正確答案。如下列“考題1”中的第2、13小

5、題。 三完形填空解題技巧在做這類題的時(shí)候，希望考生一定要牢記四個(gè)步驟，反復(fù)訓(xùn)練，使自己在短時(shí)間內(nèi)有一個(gè)比較好的成績。第一步就是通讀全文，領(lǐng)會大意 ，第二步就是緊扣內(nèi)容，分析對比備選答案，第三步就是瞻前顧后，全文貫通, ，第四步就是復(fù)查核對，決定取舍。1通讀全文，領(lǐng)會大意完形填空題不同于單項(xiàng)選擇填空題。單項(xiàng)填空題所給的是一個(gè)或兩個(gè)句子，根據(jù)本句或前后句就可以判定所選的答案。而完形填空題所給的是一篇意思完整的短文，所選的答案處在整段或整篇文章之中。所以在做題前，必須先瀏覽全文，了解短文的大意，這是絕不可省的一步。2. 緊扣內(nèi)容，分析對比備選答案完形填空所用的短文一般不給標(biāo)題，但短文的主題句，往往在

6、每段文章的首句，有時(shí)也出現(xiàn)在文章的中間或結(jié)束處。主題句提供全篇的性質(zhì)、大意等，這是深入了解全文的“窗口”，甚至能以語句為立足點(diǎn)，從該句的時(shí)態(tài)、語氣推測全文的主要內(nèi)容。分析時(shí)應(yīng)注意以下幾點(diǎn)：(1) 當(dāng)遇到一個(gè)需要填的詞時(shí)，首先要考慮這個(gè)詞在句子中的成分是什么？詞性是什么？(2) 如果需要填的是名詞，就要考慮名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)和所有格形式。(3) 如果需要填的是形容詞或副詞，就應(yīng)考慮是用原級或是比較級，還是最高級。(4) 如果需要填的是動(dòng)詞，則要考慮動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)，語態(tài)，人稱變化，語氣以及非謂語動(dòng)詞（不定式和動(dòng)詞-ing形式）的一般式，被動(dòng)式和完成式等。(5) 如果需要填空的是介詞，則要注意固定搭配的用法。

7、(6) 如果需要填的是冠詞，則要注意是用不定冠詞還是用定冠詞。(7) 另外要注意一些固定句型。3. 瞻前顧后，全文貫通短文中每個(gè)空白處的正確答案和氣上下文在意思上和結(jié)構(gòu)上都有這樣或那樣的必然聯(lián)系。一般說來，所選答案只有和上下文和結(jié)構(gòu)上都吻合的時(shí)候，才是正確答案。因此，必須注意上下的參照，連貫思考。如果答案一時(shí)確定不下來，切記不要耽誤太久，可暫放一邊，待其他答案選好之后，再回過頭來仔細(xì)推敲。試題所提供的短文可以說是一個(gè)整體，空白處所需要選的答案只是整體中的一部分。有時(shí)候，所選答案從局部看是可行的，但從整體看，不見的是最佳的答案。這時(shí)就要局部服從整體，從短文的整體內(nèi)容出發(fā)，重新選擇答案。對于那些拿

8、不定主意或未能選答的空白，不要僅局限在與上下文的對照上，要把視野擴(kuò)大到全文。有時(shí)一旦和整篇短文聯(lián)系起來，就可豁然開朗，很容易選出正確答案。4. 復(fù)查核對，決定取舍全部題目作完以后，要仔細(xì)考查核對。填完空白后，重讀全文，這也是解題過程中至關(guān)重要的一環(huán)。此時(shí)考生對文章已經(jīng)有了一個(gè)相對完整的了解，對文章的理解也就更進(jìn)了一步，也就摸清了文章內(nèi)在發(fā)展的邏輯關(guān)系。而如果在此時(shí)再讀一遍文章，就有可能會發(fā)現(xiàn)一些其他原來沒有注意到的問題，也就能夠根據(jù)對語篇的理解及內(nèi)在的聯(lián)系，反復(fù)推敲，比較異同，從而選擇一個(gè)更符合文章意義的答案，其方法是:把短文連同所選答案細(xì)讀一遍，凡讀起來別扭或答案無確切把握的地方分別記下來，

9、然后將每個(gè)空白處與其相對應(yīng)的四個(gè)答案逐一對照，務(wù)求一一過關(guān)，避免遺漏。若發(fā)現(xiàn)原所選答案與復(fù)查時(shí)所選答案不同，不要急于涂改，待認(rèn)真斟酌核實(shí)后，再?zèng)Q定取舍。另外，在平時(shí)的練習(xí)中，對每一篇完形填空均可重復(fù)作上幾遍，通過反復(fù)的練習(xí)，不但可以牢固地掌握所學(xué)基礎(chǔ)知識，而且能夠提高完形填空的應(yīng)試能力。【例題解析】 1完形填空：閱讀下面短文，選出最佳答案： “Ring ring” the telephone suddenly rang. Sam got up to 1 the call. It was his aunt. “Sam, 2 are you still at home” she asked sur

10、prisingly. Sam 1ooked at the clock. It was already 7:30 a. m. “Oh, my goodness! Theres an important 3 today,” Sam shouted out. He hurried to wash his face and get 4 . When he was going to leave the house, he 5 that he had not put away his books. He ran quickly to the 6 and put them into the bag. He

11、then went to the bus stop to go to school as 7 as he could. When he got into the classroom, his classmates were 8 writing. “Why are you so 9 ” asked the teacher . “Im sorry, sir,” Sam answered, afraid of looking 10 . “It was my clock. It 11 to wake me up this morning and .” “Don't say anything a

12、bout it,” his teacher 12 him. “Dont try to come late next time!” Sam said yes and walked to his 13 quickly. But when he tried to do the paper, he could not 14 in a right way. He put his head on the desk and said, “What a 15 day it has been for me!” 1. A. find B. give C. put D. answer 2. A. why B. ho

13、w C. when D. where 3. A. talk B. party C. exam D. meeting 4. A. tired B. lost C. dressed D. rested 5. A. forgot B. remembered C. understood D. thought 6. A. classroom B. desk C. bus D. door 7. A. carefully B. quietly C. early D. fast 8. A. worried B. free C. busy D. careful 9. A. 1ate B. ill C. lone

14、ly D. ready 10. A. down B. up C. out D. back 11. A. happened B. stopped C. failed D. pointed 12. A. helped B. knew C. followed D. stopped 13. A. room B. table C. seat D. teacher 14. A. think B. sit C. turn D. speak 15. A. short B. bad C. happy D. usual【限時(shí)訓(xùn)練】(A) Jack is an English teacher at a colleg

15、eHe moved to New York City with _41_familyJack is an excellent teacherSo we all missed him very much since he _42_Two weeks ago, Jack came back to North Carolina for a short visitThe teachers and students held a small _43_for himAt the partyI certainly would not _44_that good chance to learn English

16、So I tried to think of all kinds of topics to talk _45_ Grace，another English teacher Suddenly I heard Jack say to others _46_，“I dig New York!”I immediately asked Grace，“Is it really difficult to find a job in New York?” Why does Jack _47_ do heavy work since he is such a good teacher“Why do you th

17、ink that?”Grace asked me Havent you heard him _48_that he is digging New York Is he building an underground passage?”I askedWhen she finally realized what I meant，Grace laughed to tearsShe then asked us _49_we knew the meaning of“I dig New York”All of us shook our _50_So Grace asked Jack to explain

18、it It turns out that“I dig New York”means“I love New York”in American slang(俚語)( )41. A. he B. his C. himself( )42. A. left B. leaves C. leave( )43. A. meeting B. party C. lecture ( )44. A. look up B. call up C. give up ( )45. A. with B. at C. of( )46. A. angrily B. sadly C. loudly( )47. A. have to

19、B. had to C. has to ( )48. A. talk B. say C. speak ( )49. A. that B. whether C. what( )50. A. hands B. arms C. heads (B) Have you ever done something silly that made you feel so embarrassed(尷尬的)Well，I had a really bad Saturday morning I went shopping last week，_41_my way home, It began to rainI quic

20、kly ran into a phone box _42_I didn't have an umbrellaIt was raining hard and I decided to _43_ in the phone box until it stopped. _44_minutes later , I saw a young man walk up to the phone box , wearing a yellow raincoat and holding a tool box. I didnt want to go out into the rain, so I _45_the

21、 phone and pretended I was talking to someone . I thought he would go away，but he didntHe waited in the _46_ rain, watching me wave my hands about and act as if 1 was deep in conversation_47_，the rain stopped after about ten minutes“OK，Mum，”I said loudly into the phone，“Ill see you later. Bye!”I put

22、 the phone down and went out of the phone box. “Im sorry to keep you _48_for so long ,” I said to the man“Oh，I dont want to use the phone,”he replied“I've just come to repair itIt doesnt work”My face turned_49_and I quickly ran off with my head down. That was certainly the most embarrassing _50_

23、of my life!( )41. A. at B. on C. in( )42. A. so B. and C. because( )43. A. stay B. live C. come ( )44. A. A few B. A little C. A lot( )45. A. looked up B. picked up C. turned up( )46. A. big B. strong C. heavy( )47. A. Luckily B. Luck C. Lucky ( )48. A. wait B. waiting C. waited ( )49. A. green B. r

24、ed C. white( )50. A. chance B. way C. time （C）Everyone knows people need water But do you know just how _41 _water is to living things Maybe you feel lucky_42 _your life isnt hard . But it doesnt mean that you dont have to worry about waterWe all face serious water _43 _One of them is water pollutio

25、nAll kinds of things from cars , factories , farms and homes _44 _our rivers , lakes and oceans dirty . Polluted water is very bad _45_people to drink . And dirty water is bad for fish, _46 _Now , 34 percent of all kinds of fish are dying out . How do cars and factories make our water dirty First，th

26、ey pollute the airThen，when it_47 _，the rain water comes down and makes our drinking water dirtyDirty rain，called acid rain，is also bad for plants，animals and buildings_48 _people have made wells to get clean water from underground . But there still isnt enough . Scientists_49 _ that in 30 years, mo

27、re than half of the people in the world wont have enough clean water .When we dont take care of our water，we are hurting everyoneIts time to start learning how to save more water for_50 _ and our children( )41. A. difficult B. important C. comfortable( )42. A. that B. whether C. what( )43. A. events

28、 B. problems C. questions ( )44. A. keep B. let C. make ( )45. A. for B. at C. of( )46. A. also B. either C. too( )47. A. rains B. rain C. raining ( ). much B. many C. few( )49. A. talk B. say C. speak ( )50. A. our B. we C. ourselves【真題演練】AFears are something we all have. You need to face your fear

29、s and to get over them. However, it's easier_ (41) than done. Running away from your fears doesnt make them leave It just makes them_ (42)than ever. We're never going to be_ (43) fearless everything we do, but we can at least be more fearless and (44) What are the fears that scare you much C

30、heck what they are and get them_ (45) in the open. Are they things_ (46) height or snakes? Are you afraid to talk to girl or boy? Ar. you so (47) that you are fearing on saying the wrong thing These are common fears that _ (48) your daily lives Before you can face them, you need to learn more about

31、(49) makes you fearful of these situations Communicating your fear one way. Other people may be able to_(50) your Anxiety(焦慮）because they know something you dont. It could he from 8 past_ (51), something that you could never forget and has made you fearful_ (52) then To face fears, you have to_(53)

32、in something. It's a very healthy way of letting you feelas if nothing can go(54) When you feel that way, you may he able to think_(55) about your fears. You will be able 10 believe that everything will be okay. Everything does end up being okay41. A called B. acted C. dreamed D. said42. A. loud

33、er B sillier C. brighter D. bigger43. A. similarly B. specially C. completely D. strongly44. A. honest B. confident C. patient D energetic45. A. out B. below C. about D away46 A. like B. behind C. among D above47. A. free B; shy C. polite D. peaceful48. A. wonder B. pretend C. influence D. save49. A

34、. who B. why C where D. what50. A. remind B. realise C. represent D. receive51'. A. season B. expression C. subject D. experience52. A. before B. since C. after D .until53. A. believe B. suggest C. dream D. succeed54. A. guilty B. wrong C. direct D. correct55. A. mostly B. fairly C. differently

35、D. gentlyBFor years scientists have been arguing about whether nature or nurture (后天) decides what people will be like. Is it nature what people are (41) with that decides what they will be like (42) is it nurture what(43) to people when they are born that decides what they will be like? Scientists

36、have been studying twins to (44) if they can find the answer, because twins start out with the (45) DNA. Sometimes twins dont live together at birth and grow up in different (46) and different places so the nature is the same for both, but the nurture is different. When scientists (47) these twins i

37、n their later life, they some times find some surprising (48). Jim Springer and Jim Lewis were adopted（收養(yǎng)）by two different families at birth. They first met each other again thirty-nine years (49) and discovered they had a lot in (50). Both had been (51) twice. Their first wives were both named Lind

38、a and their second wives were both named Betty! Each twin had a son one called his son James Alan and the (52) called his son James Alan, too. Their children each had a dog called “Toy”. They even arrived at their first (53) in the same color of car. So far twin (54) seem to show that both nature an

39、d nurture are important. What we have from birth, and how and where we live help to build (55) we are. . born B. grown C. taught D. made . So B. And C. If D. Or . pretends B. happens C. falls D. depends . hear B. win C. see D. plan . nice B. same C. full D. free . familiesB. cities C. countries D. n

40、ations . believe B. suggest C. receive D. compare . numbers B. discoveries C. results D. decisions . ago B. later C. forward D. behind . common B. fact C. danger D. trouble . mentionedB. married C. succeeded D. interviewed . either B. else C. other D. only . competitionB. education C. purpose D. mee

41、ting . studies B. movies C. challenges D. mysteries . what B. when C. where D. whoCSome students cheat(作弊) because theyre busy or lazy and they want to get good grades without (41) the time studying. Other students might feel that they cant (42) the test without cheating. Even when there seems to be a “good reason” for cheating, it isnt a good (43).A student who thinks cheating is the only way to pass a test (44) to talk with the teacher and his or her parents so they can find some better ways together. Talking about these problems and (45