虛擬語(yǔ)氣最終版

1、虛擬語(yǔ)氣Subjective Mood目錄l定義l虛擬語(yǔ)氣在非真實(shí)條件句中l(wèi)虛擬語(yǔ)氣在從句中的用法l虛擬語(yǔ)氣在簡(jiǎn)單句中的用法定義 英語(yǔ)中的語(yǔ)氣分為陳述語(yǔ)氣、祈使語(yǔ)氣、虛擬語(yǔ)氣三類。虛擬語(yǔ)氣用來表示假想，而不表示客觀存在的事實(shí)，所說的是一個(gè)條件，不一定是事實(shí)，或與事實(shí)相反。虛擬語(yǔ)氣通過謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的特殊形式來表示。虛擬語(yǔ)氣在非真實(shí)條件句中 虛擬語(yǔ)氣可用于條件句中虛擬語(yǔ)氣可用于條件句中，條件句可分為兩種：一條件句可分為兩種：一種為真實(shí)條件句，另一種為非真實(shí)條件句。非真實(shí)條件種為真實(shí)條件句，另一種為非真實(shí)條件句。非真實(shí)條件句如果假設(shè)的情況不存在或?qū)崿F(xiàn)的可能性不大時(shí)，就需句如果假設(shè)的情況不存在或?qū)崿F(xiàn)的可能

2、性不大時(shí)，就需要采用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。要采用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。uIf he doesnt hurry up, he will miss the bus. 如果他不快點(diǎn)，他將錯(cuò)過巴士。uIf he is free, he will ask me to tell stories. 如果他是空閑的，他會(huì)要求我講故事。uIf I were you, I would go at once. 如果我是你，我馬上就會(huì)去。uIf there were no air, people would die. 如果沒有空氣，人就會(huì)死亡?，F(xiàn)在時(shí)現(xiàn)在時(shí) 過去時(shí)過去時(shí)該用現(xiàn)在時(shí)，用過去時(shí)該用現(xiàn)在時(shí)，用過去時(shí)過去時(shí) 過去完成時(shí)該用過去時(shí)時(shí)，

3、用過去完成時(shí)將來時(shí) 過去將來時(shí)該用將來時(shí)時(shí)，用過去將來時(shí)過去將來時(shí) 過去將來完成時(shí) 該用過去將來時(shí)時(shí)，用過去將來完成時(shí) 時(shí)間時(shí)間 從句謂語(yǔ)形式從句謂語(yǔ)形式 主句謂語(yǔ)形式主句謂語(yǔ)形式 現(xiàn)在動(dòng)詞過去式 (be 用were)would/should/might/could+動(dòng)詞原形 過去 had+動(dòng)詞過去分詞would/should/might/could have +動(dòng)詞過去分詞 將來動(dòng)詞過去式(be用were)should+動(dòng)詞原形were to+動(dòng)詞原形would/should/might/could+動(dòng)詞原形虛擬語(yǔ)氣在非真實(shí)條件句中一、表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的情況：一、表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的情況：

4、uIf I were you, I would take an umbrella. 如果我是你，我會(huì)帶把傘。uIf I knew his telephone number, I would tell you. 如果我知道他的電話號(hào)碼，我就會(huì)告訴你。uIf there were no air or water, there would be no living things on the earth. 如果沒有水和空氣，地球上就不會(huì)有生物。虛擬語(yǔ)氣在非真實(shí)條件句中uIf I had any money with me, I could lend you some. 如果我?guī)уX了，我就會(huì)借給你些。

5、uIf he studied harder, he might pass the exam. 如果他再努力些，就能通過考試了。 注意：一般在虛擬的條件句中無論是第幾人稱，注意：一般在虛擬的條件句中無論是第幾人稱，用到系動(dòng)詞的過去式時(shí)，只用用到系動(dòng)詞的過去式時(shí)，只用werewere而不用而不用waswas。二、表示與過去事實(shí)相反的情況：二、表示與過去事實(shí)相反的情況：uIf I had got there earlier, I should/could have met her. 如果我早到那兒，我就會(huì)見到她。uIf he had taken my advice, he would not hav

6、e made such a mistake. 如果他聽我的勸告的話，就不會(huì)犯這樣的錯(cuò)誤了。ushe looked at me as if I had been a stranger. 她看我的樣子好像我是一個(gè)陌生人。虛擬語(yǔ)氣在非真實(shí)條件句中虛擬語(yǔ)氣在非真實(shí)條件句中三、表示對(duì)將來情況的主觀推測(cè)：三、表示對(duì)將來情況的主觀推測(cè)：uIf he should come here tomorrow, I would talk to him. 如果他明天來這兒的話，我就跟他談?wù)?。uIf there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would not go skating.

7、 如果下周日下大雪，我們就不能去滑冰了。uIf she were to be here next Monday, I would tell her about the matter. 如果她下周一來這兒的話，我就會(huì)告訴她這件事的始末。錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句 有時(shí)在非真實(shí)條件句中，主句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)有時(shí)在非真實(shí)條件句中，主句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作和條件從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表詞所表示的動(dòng)作和條件從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作并不是同時(shí)發(fā)生的，這時(shí)的動(dòng)詞形示的動(dòng)作并不是同時(shí)發(fā)生的，這時(shí)的動(dòng)詞形式并不完全按照上述表格來進(jìn)行，而需要按式并不完全按照上述表格來進(jìn)行，而需要按照各自的時(shí)間來進(jìn)行調(diào)整，這樣的句子就叫照各自的時(shí)間來進(jìn)

8、行調(diào)整，這樣的句子就叫錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句。錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句。錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句uIf I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too. 如果我在學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)刻苦的話，我現(xiàn)在也會(huì)成為一個(gè)工程師了。uIf they had informed us, we would not come here now. 如果他們通知過我們的話，我們現(xiàn)在就不會(huì)來這里了。uIf he were free today, we would have sent him to Beijing. 如果他今天有空的話，我們會(huì)已經(jīng)派他去北京了。uIf he knew her, h

9、e would have greeted her. 要是他認(rèn)識(shí)她的話，他肯定會(huì)去問候她了。含蓄條件句 有時(shí)一個(gè)假設(shè)的情況并不用條件從句表示，而用其他方式來表示，這樣的句子叫含蓄條件句。用without等介詞短語(yǔ)、分詞短語(yǔ)或者獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)來替代條件從句。uWe might not do a lot of things without computer. 如果沒有電腦的話，我們好多事情都做不成。uHaving known in time, we could have stopped it. 如果及時(shí)知道的話，我們就可能阻止它。含蓄條件句用相當(dāng)于if的其他連詞表示虛擬結(jié)構(gòu)。but that (要不是

10、要不是) in case （假如）（假如）on condition (that) （條件是)otherwise (否則，不然)provided/ providing (that)(如果) so long as (只要）suppose/supposing (that)(假如） unless (除非）含蓄條件句uI was busy last week; otherwise, I would have come to see you.u上周我很忙，否則我會(huì)去看你的。通過上下文來表示虛擬，需要具體加以分析。uI would have given you more money, but I was s

11、o poor then.u我應(yīng)該再多給你些錢，可是我那時(shí)很窮。非真實(shí)條件句中的省略與倒裝 當(dāng)虛擬條件句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞含有當(dāng)虛擬條件句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞含有were, should, hadwere, should, had時(shí)，時(shí)，ifif可以省略，這時(shí)條件從句要用倒裝語(yǔ)序，即把可以省略，這時(shí)條件從句要用倒裝語(yǔ)序，即把were, should, were, should, hadhad等詞置于句首。等詞置于句首。uShould he agree to go there, we would send him there. 要是他答應(yīng)去的話，我們就派他去。uWere she here, she would ag

12、ree with us. 如果她在這兒的話，她會(huì)同意我們的。uHad he learnt about computers, we would have hired him to work here. 如果他懂一些電腦知識(shí)的話，我們已經(jīng)聘用他來這里工作了。在賓語(yǔ)從句中 wish后的賓語(yǔ)從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，表示一種不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望。其謂語(yǔ)形式：u表現(xiàn)在 過去式u表過去 had + doneu表將來 could/would/might + do在賓語(yǔ)從句中uI wish I had your brains. 我希望我有你那樣的頭腦。uI wish I had known the truth of the

13、 matter. 我希望我那時(shí)就知道這件事情的真相。uI wish I should have a chance again.u我希望我還能有一次這樣的機(jī)會(huì)。注意：if only引導(dǎo)的感嘆句和as if/as though 引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句也有相同用法在賓語(yǔ)從句中一想要( desire ) 一寧愿( prefer ) 一堅(jiān)持( insist )二命令(order，command) 三建議(advise, suggest, propose，recommend) 四要求(demand , require , request , ask)中，無論主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為何種時(shí)態(tài)，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都用：should

14、 + do，should可以省略。uHe suggested that we (should) take the teachers advice.uHe insisted that we (should) take the teachers advice.在賓語(yǔ)從句中insist 意為“堅(jiān)持某種動(dòng)作”才用虛擬語(yǔ)氣；意為“堅(jiān)持某種觀點(diǎn)，某個(gè)事實(shí)”則不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。uHe insists he is a student. 他堅(jiān)持說他是個(gè)學(xué)生。suggest 意為“建議”才用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，意為“暗示”則不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。uHis face suggests that he looks worried. 他的表

15、情暗含著他很擔(dān)心。在賓語(yǔ)從句中 would ratherwould rather之后的賓語(yǔ)從句常表示與客觀事實(shí)不相符的之后的賓語(yǔ)從句常表示與客觀事實(shí)不相符的一種愿望，故使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。其后的賓語(yǔ)從句用過去式表示與一種愿望，故使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。其后的賓語(yǔ)從句用過去式表示與現(xiàn)在或?qū)硎聦?shí)相反，用過去完成式表示與過去事實(shí)相反?，F(xiàn)在或?qū)硎聦?shí)相反，用過去完成式表示與過去事實(shí)相反。uId rather you had seen the film yesterday. 我倒想你昨天看過了這場(chǎng)電影。uId rather you were here now. 我倒想你現(xiàn)在在這兒。uWed rather you we

16、nt here tomorrow. 我們倒想你明天去那兒在主語(yǔ)從句中 在表達(dá)驚異、惋惜、遺憾、理應(yīng)如此等意義的主語(yǔ)從句中常使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，其虛擬語(yǔ)其的結(jié)構(gòu)為： should + 動(dòng)詞原形，主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式不限。句型：uIt is admirable / dreadful / extraordinary / odd / remarkable / sad / advisable / annoying / disappointing / surprising / upsetting / frightening / better / best / curious / desirable / impo

17、rtant / strange / peculiar / proper / necessary / natural.that.uIt is a pity / a shame / no wonder.that.uIt is suggested / requested / desired / proposed /. that.u It worries me that.在主語(yǔ)從句中uIt is important that we should do well in our lessons first. 我們先把功課學(xué)好很重要。uIt is strange that he should not com

18、e. 很奇怪，他竟沒有來。uIt is a pity that we should not meet last night. 真遺憾我們昨天晚上沒有見過面。uIt worries me that we should be blamed for that. 我們竟要受責(zé)備真讓人煩惱。在表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句中 英語(yǔ)中英語(yǔ)中, ,表示請(qǐng)求、要求、命令、建議的名詞如表示請(qǐng)求、要求、命令、建議的名詞如advice,desireadvice,desire, , decision,idea,instruction,order,plan,proposal,recommenda-decision,idea,in

19、struction,order,plan,proposal,recommenda-tion,request,requirement,suggestiontion,request,requirement,suggestion等后面接表語(yǔ)從句或接同位等后面接表語(yǔ)從句或接同位語(yǔ) 從 句 時(shí) ， 其 后 都 須 用 虛 擬 語(yǔ) 氣 。 其 虛 擬 語(yǔ) 氣 的 結(jié) 構(gòu) 為 ：語(yǔ) 從 句 時(shí) ， 其 后 都 須 用 虛 擬 語(yǔ) 氣 。 其 虛 擬 語(yǔ) 氣 的 結(jié) 構(gòu) 為 ：( (should) + should) + 動(dòng)詞原形。動(dòng)詞原形。 uTheir plan is that they should b

20、uild a new factory in their hometown. 他們的計(jì)劃就是在家鄉(xiāng)建一座新工廠。u He told us his idea that he should go to university. 他告訴了我們他的想法：他想上大學(xué)。在定語(yǔ)從句中 英語(yǔ)中，表示“早該做某事了”時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞須用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，其虛擬語(yǔ)氣的結(jié)構(gòu)為： It is (high ) time that + 主語(yǔ)+ 動(dòng)詞的過去式/ should + 動(dòng)詞原形。uIt is time that I went to pick up my daughter at school. 我該去學(xué)校接我的女兒了。

21、uIt is high time you should go to work. 你早該上班了。在目的狀語(yǔ)從句中 在for fear that，in lest引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)從句中，若用虛擬語(yǔ)氣時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)為should+動(dòng)詞原形，并且 should 不能省略。uShe examined the door again for fear that a thief should come in. 她又把門檢查了一遍，以防盜賊的進(jìn)入。uHe started out earlier lest he should be late. 他很早就出發(fā)了以防遲到。在目的狀語(yǔ)從句中 在so that, in orde

22、r that所引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)從句中，從句中的謂語(yǔ)為can/may/could/might/will/would/should + 動(dòng)詞原形。uHe goes closer to the speaker so that he can hear him clearer. 他走近說話的人以便能挺得更清楚。uHe read the letter carefully in order that he should not miss a word. 他把信讀得很仔細(xì)以便不漏掉一個(gè)單詞。在as if/though引導(dǎo)的方式狀語(yǔ)從句中表示所發(fā)生的時(shí)間虛擬語(yǔ)氣結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)生在主句動(dòng)作之前had + 過去分詞與主句動(dòng)作

23、同時(shí)發(fā)生過去時(shí)(be 用were )發(fā)生在主句動(dòng)作之后would / could / might / should+動(dòng)詞原形在方式狀語(yǔ)從句中uThey began to talk warmly as if they had known each other for long. 他們開始熱烈的談?wù)撈饋砭秃孟袼麄円严嗷フJ(rèn)識(shí)很久了。uHe coughed twice as if someone should come. 他咳嗽兩聲就好像有人要來了。在讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中 在 even if, even though 所引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中，可用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，主句、從句的結(jié)構(gòu)與 if 所引導(dǎo)的條件從句結(jié)構(gòu)相同。

24、uEven if he were here himself, he should not know what to do. 即使他親自來也不知該怎么辦。 在whatever, however等引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中，從句虛擬語(yǔ)氣結(jié)構(gòu)為：may +動(dòng)詞原形(現(xiàn)在或?qū)? /may +完成式(過去) uI will wait for him no matter how late he may come. 不管他來的多么晚，我都會(huì)等他。uWe must respect him no matter what / whatever mistakes he may have made. 不管他翻過什么錯(cuò)誤，

25、我們必須尊敬他。在原因狀語(yǔ)從句中 amazed,angry,annoyed,astonished,disappointed,frightened, happy,pleased,proud,sorry,surprised,upset等后面的狀語(yǔ)從句中常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。其虛擬語(yǔ)氣的結(jié)構(gòu)為： should + 動(dòng)詞原形(現(xiàn)在或?qū)?/should + 完成式（過去）uHe was angry that you should call him by name. 他很生氣，你竟然對(duì)他直呼其名。uI was astonished that he should not answer such an easy q

26、uestion. 我很驚訝他竟答不出如此簡(jiǎn)單的問題。uIm very sorry that you should have failed the exam. 我很遺憾，你這次考試竟然失敗了。在簡(jiǎn)單句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣說話時(shí)，為了表示客氣、謙虛、委婉而有禮貌；表示說話時(shí)，為了表示客氣、謙虛、委婉而有禮貌；表示“祝愿祝愿”；表示對(duì)過去情況的責(zé)備表示對(duì)過去情況的責(zé)備uWould you mind my shutting the door? 我把門關(guān)起來你介意嗎？我把門關(guān)起來你介意嗎？uMay you have a good journey! 祝你一路順風(fēng)。祝你一路順風(fēng)。uGod bless us. 上帝保

27、佑。上帝保佑。uYou should have got here earlier. 你應(yīng)該早就到這里了。你應(yīng)該早就到這里了。uYou should have returned it to him. 你應(yīng)該把他還給他了。你應(yīng)該把他還給他了。習(xí)題1. If only he _quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now.A. lies B. lay C. had lain D. should lie2. How I wish every family _a large house with a beautiful

28、 garden.A. has B. had C. will have D. had hadBC3. You did not let me drive. If we _in turn, you _ so tired. A. drove; didnt get B. drove; wouldnt get C. were driving; wouldnt get D. had driven; wouldnt have got4. _it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge.A. Were B. S

29、hould C. Would D. WillDB5. I suggested the person _ to be put into prison.A. refers B. referring C. referred D. refer6. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it_.A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken C C7. I insisted _to see a doctor, but he insisted nothing

30、 _ wrong with him.A. on him to go; should be B. he went; be C. he go; was D. he should to; is8. -Your aunt invites you to the movies today.-I would rather she _ me tomorrow than todayA. tells B. told C. would tell D. had told CB9. -Would you have called her up ?-Yes, but I _busy doing my homeworkA. was B. were C. had been D. would be 10.I was ill that day, otherwise I _ the sports meet.A. would have taken part in B. took part in C. had taken part in D. would take part in A A11. _the clouds, you would find the airplane in the sky easily.A. Had it not been