計算機(jī)專業(yè)英語翻譯參考

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上1. (P1) Computer science deals with the theoretical foundations of information and computation, together with practical techniques for the implementation and application of these foundations, such as programming language theory, computational complexity theory, computer graphics and hum

2、an-computer interaction.計算機(jī)科學(xué)涉及信息和計算的理論基礎(chǔ)，以及這些基礎(chǔ)的實施和應(yīng)用的實際技術(shù)，如編程語言理論，計算復(fù)雜性理論，計算機(jī)圖形學(xué)和人機(jī)交互。2. (P17) The most important piece of graphics hardware is the graphics card, which is the piece of equipment that renders out all images and sends them to a display. There are two types of graphics cards: integra

3、ted and dedicated. An integrated graphics card, usually by Intel for use in their computers, is bound to the motherboard and shares RAM (Random Access Memory) with the CPU, reducing the total amount of RAM available. This is undesirable for running programs and applications that use a large amount o

4、f video memory. A dedicated graphics card has its own RAM and Processor for generating its images, and does not slow down the computer. Dedicated graphics cards also have higher performance than integrated graphics cards. It is possible to have both dedicated and integrated graphics card, however on

5、ce a dedicated graphics card is installed, the integrated card will no longer function until the dedicated card is removed.最重要的一塊圖形硬件是顯卡，是一件呈現(xiàn)出所有的圖像，并將它們發(fā)送到一個顯示器的設(shè)備。有兩種類型的顯卡：集成和專用。集成的顯卡，通常由英特爾在他們的計算機(jī)上使用，被綁定到主板并且與中央處理器共享內(nèi)存（隨機(jī)存取存儲器），減少了可用的內(nèi)存總量。這對于使用大量視頻內(nèi)存的程序和應(yīng)用來說是不可取的。專用顯卡有它自己的內(nèi)存和處理器，用于生成它的圖像，并且不會減慢計算

6、機(jī)的速度。專用顯卡也比集成顯卡有更高的性能。有可能既有專門的也有集成的顯卡，但是，一旦安裝了專用顯卡，集成顯卡將不再起作用，直到專用顯卡被移除。3. (P18) Channel I/O requires the use of instructions that are specifically designed to perform（執(zhí)行） I/O operations. The I/O instructions address（處理） the channel or the channel and device; the channel asynchronously（異步的）accesses

7、all other required addressing and control information. This is similar to DMA, but more flexible.（一）對“漂亮女生”飾品店的分析I/O通道需要使用專門設(shè)計來執(zhí)行I/O操作的指令。I/O指令處理通道或通道和設(shè)備；通道異步訪問所有其他所需的尋址和控制信息。這是類似于DMA，但更靈活。4. (P19) 調(diào)制解調(diào)器是在模擬和數(shù)字信號之間進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)換的設(shè)備，它經(jīng)常用于實現(xiàn)計算機(jī)之間通過電話線的互相通信。如果兩個調(diào)制解調(diào)器可同時互相發(fā)送數(shù)據(jù)，那么它們采用的就是全雙工工作方式；如果一次只有一個調(diào)制解調(diào)器可以發(fā)送數(shù)據(jù)

8、，那么它們采用的則是半雙工工作方式。據(jù)上述部分的分析可見，我校學(xué)生就達(dá)4000多人。附近還有兩所學(xué)校，和一些居民樓。隨著生活水平的逐漸提高，家長給孩子的零用錢也越來越多，人們對美的要求也越來越高，特別是大學(xué)生。他們總希望自己的無論是衣服還是首飾都希望與眾不同，能穿出自己的個性。但在我們美麗的校園里缺少自己的個性和琳瑯滿目的飾品，所以我們的小飾品店存在的競爭力主要是南橋或是市區(qū)的。這給我們小組的創(chuàng)業(yè)項目提供了一個很好的市場機(jī)會。Modem is a device that converts analog（模擬） signals to digital signals or conversely（相

9、反地）. It is often used to communicate between computers via（渠道） telephone lines. If the two modems can send data to each other, they use full-duplex mode; if only one modem can transmit data, they use half-duplex mode.5.6. 2、價格“適中化”(P21) We many have defined our last generation of computer and begun

10、the era of generationless computers. Even though computer manufacturers talk of “fifth” and “sixth” generation computers, this talk is more a marketing play than a reflection of reality.我們熟練的掌握計算機(jī)應(yīng)用，我們可以在網(wǎng)上搜索一些流行因素，還可以把自己小店里的商品拿到網(wǎng)上去賣，為我們小店提供了多種經(jīng)營方式。我們已經(jīng)定義了我們的上一代計算機(jī)，并且開始了計算機(jī)的無代時代。即使計算機(jī)制造商談?wù)摰摹暗谖濉焙汀暗诹?/p>

11、代電腦，這個說法比起現(xiàn)實的反映更像是一個營銷游戲。7. (P21) Although microprocessors are still technically considered to be hardware, portions of their function are also associated with computer software. Since microprocessors have both hardware and software aspects they are therefore often referred to as firmware.雖然微處理器仍然在技

12、術(shù)上被認(rèn)為是硬件，它們的部分功能也與計算機(jī)軟件有聯(lián)系。因為微處理器有硬件和軟件兩個方面，因此，他們往往被稱為固件。8. (P22) Electronic hardware consists of interconnected（互聯(lián)的） electronic components（元件/組件） which perform analog or logic operations on received and locally stored information to produce as output or store resulting new information or to provide

13、 control for output actuator mechanisms（機(jī)制）.Electronic hardware can range from individual chips/circuits to distributed information processing systems. Well-designed electronic hardware is composed of functional modules which inter-communicate via precisely defined interfaces.電子硬件是由互連的電子元件組成的，這些電子元件

14、對接收到的和本地存儲的信息執(zhí)行模擬或邏輯運(yùn)算，以產(chǎn)生輸出或存儲產(chǎn)生的新信息或提供控制輸出執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)的機(jī)制。電子硬件的范圍可以從單獨的芯片/電路到分布式信息處理系統(tǒng)。精心設(shè)計的電子硬件是由相互通信的功能模塊，通過精確定義的接口組成。9.10. 在我們學(xué)校大約有4000多名學(xué)生，其中女生約占90%以上。按每十人一件飾品計算，大概需要360多件。這對于開設(shè)飾品市場是很有利的。女生成為消費(fèi)人群的主體。(P23) Hardware logic is primarily a differentiation of the data processing circuitry from other more ge

15、neralized circuitry. For example, nearly all computers include a power supply which consists of circuitry not involved in data processing but rather powering the data processing circuits. Similarly, a computer may output information to a computer monitor or audio amplifier which is also not involved

16、 in the computational process.硬件邏輯主要是從其他更廣義電路的數(shù)據(jù)處理電路的分化。例如，幾乎所有的計算機(jī)都包括一個電源，該電源由不涉及數(shù)據(jù)處理的電路組成，而是提供數(shù)據(jù)處理電路的電源。同樣地，計算機(jī)可以輸出信息到計算機(jī)監(jiān)視器或音頻放大器，也不涉及計算過程。11. (P23 3段) 12. (P30) The Space Shuttle avionics software represents a successful integration of many of the computer industrys most advanced software engine

17、ering practices and approaches. Beginning in the late 1970s this software development and maintenance project has evolved one of the worlds most mature software processes applying the principles of the highest levels of the Carnegie Mellon University Software Engineering, Institutes Capability Matur

18、ity Model, Trusted Software methodology, and ISO 9001 Standards. This software process, considered to be a “best practice” by many software industry organizations includes state-of-the-practice software reliability engineering methodologies. Lve-critical Shuttle avionics software produced by this pr

19、ocess is recognized to be highest quality and highest reliability software in operation in the world.航天飛機(jī)的航空電子設(shè)備軟件代表了許多計算機(jī)行業(yè)最先進(jìn)的軟件工程實踐和方法的成功整合。從十九世紀(jì)七十年代后期開始，這個軟件開發(fā)和維護(hù)項目已經(jīng)發(fā)展為世界上最成熟的軟件過程之一。應(yīng)用最高水平的卡內(nèi)基梅隆大學(xué)軟件工程研究所的能力成熟度模型，可信軟件方法，和國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化組織9001標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的原則。這個軟件過程，被許多軟件行業(yè)組織認(rèn)為是一個“最佳實踐”，包括實踐性的軟件可靠性工程方法論。由這個過程產(chǎn)生的關(guān)鍵的航天

20、飛機(jī)航空電子設(shè)備軟件，被認(rèn)為是世界上公認(rèn)的質(zhì)量最高的和可靠性最高的軟件。13. (P35) Unix was originally written in assembly language. Ken Thompson wrote B, mainly based on BCPL, based on his experience in the MULTICS project. B was replaced by C, and Unix, rewritten in C, developed into a large, complex family of inter-related operating

21、 systems which have been influential in every modern operating system. The Unix-like family is a diverse group of operating systems, with several major sub-categories including System V, BSD, and Linux.6、你購買DIY手工藝制品的目的有那些？UNIX是用匯編語言寫的。肯湯普森寫的B，主要基于BCPL，基于他在Multics項目的經(jīng)驗。B是由C和UNIX所取代，用C重寫，發(fā)展成一個龐大的、復(fù)雜的相

22、互關(guān)聯(lián)的操作系統(tǒng)，對所有現(xiàn)代操作系統(tǒng)有影響。類UNIX系統(tǒng)是一組不同的操作系統(tǒng)中，幾個主要的子類包括系統(tǒng)V，BSD，Linux。14. (P37) Log management module plays an important role in the massive spatial database management system. There are few three-dimensional spatial database management systems with pertinent log management sub-system, or the administrato

23、r can only use the log, which is attached by database system, to recover the data. To improve this issue, hierarchical structure of the log management module should be taken into account. The overall design of three-dimensional spatial database management system is as follows: three-dimensional spat

24、ial database (including database system, file system), three-dimensional spatial data engine, and three-dimensional space management tools.秘訣：好市口個性經(jīng)營日志管理模塊在海量空間數(shù)據(jù)庫管理系統(tǒng)中起著重要的作用。三維空間數(shù)據(jù)庫管理系統(tǒng)與相關(guān)的日志管理子系統(tǒng)很少，或管理員只能使用數(shù)據(jù)庫系統(tǒng)所附的日志恢復(fù)數(shù)據(jù)。為了改善這個問題，應(yīng)考慮日志管理模塊的層次結(jié)構(gòu)。三維空間數(shù)據(jù)庫管理系統(tǒng)的總體設(shè)計是：三維空間數(shù)據(jù)庫（包括數(shù)據(jù)庫系統(tǒng)、文件系統(tǒng)）、三維空間數(shù)據(jù)引擎和三維空

25、間管理工具。15. (P37) According to the 3D spatial database management system design, we divided the log management into three layers. The log management system includes monitor layer of three-dimensional spatial databases triggers and file database system operations recording statements, interface layer o

26、f log management module of three-dimensional spatial database engine, and graphical user interface layer of log management module of three-dimensional spatial data management tools.10元以下 1050元 50100元 100元以上根據(jù)三維空間數(shù)據(jù)庫管理系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計，將日志管理分為三個層次。日志管理系統(tǒng)包括監(jiān)控層、接口層和圖形用戶界面層。監(jiān)控層包括三維空間數(shù)據(jù)庫的觸發(fā)器和文件數(shù)據(jù)庫系統(tǒng)操作記錄報表。接口層包括日志管理模塊的三維空間數(shù)據(jù)庫引擎。圖形用戶接口界面層包括日志管理模塊的三維空間數(shù)據(jù)管理工具。16. (P37 3段)17.18. 因為是連鎖店，老板的“野心”是開到便利店那樣隨處可見。所以辦了積分卡，方便女孩子到任何一家“漂亮女生”購物，以求便宜再便宜。(P72) E-mail is a pipeline to thousands of experts on virtually everything; it is a means of meeting people with similar interests or problems. What its