比較級(jí)和比較結(jié)構(gòu)

1、比較等級(jí)與比較結(jié)構(gòu)比較等級(jí)與比較結(jié)構(gòu)Comparison and Comparative Construction講解提綱講解提綱 形容詞與副詞的比較等級(jí)形容詞與副詞的比較等級(jí) 比較結(jié)構(gòu)的三大類型比較結(jié)構(gòu)的三大類型asasmorethanthe most 比較結(jié)構(gòu)的其它形式比較結(jié)構(gòu)的其它形式形容詞與副詞的比較等級(jí)形容詞與副詞的比較等級(jí)l三個(gè)等級(jí)：三個(gè)等級(jí)：原級(jí)原級(jí) Positive/Absolute Degree比較級(jí)比較級(jí) Comparative Degree最高級(jí)最高級(jí) Superlative Degreel比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的形式比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的形式規(guī)則規(guī)則不規(guī)則不規(guī)則規(guī)則形式規(guī)則形式 綜合

2、形式綜合形式Synthetic Form加后綴加后綴-er；-est 分析形式分析形式Analytic Form在原級(jí)前加在原級(jí)前加more；most構(gòu)成法構(gòu)成法原級(jí)原級(jí)比較級(jí)比較級(jí)最高級(jí)最高級(jí)一般單音節(jié)詞一般單音節(jié)詞tallfasttallerfastertallestfastest結(jié)尾為輔音閉結(jié)尾為輔音閉音節(jié)單音節(jié)詞音節(jié)單音節(jié)詞bigbiggerbiggest雙音節(jié)雙音節(jié)clevercleverermore clevercleverestmost clever結(jié)尾為輔音字結(jié)尾為輔音字母母+y+y的雙音節(jié)的雙音節(jié)詞詞easyeasiereasiest多音節(jié)詞多音節(jié)詞importantmore

3、 importantmost important規(guī)則形式規(guī)則形式不規(guī)則形式不規(guī)則形式原級(jí)原級(jí)比較級(jí)比較級(jí)最高級(jí)最高級(jí)goodbetterbestwellbadworseworstilloldolder/elderoldest/eldestmuch/many moremostlittlelessleastfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthest沒有比較等級(jí)的詞語沒有比較等級(jí)的詞語 right, wrong, excellent, perfect, final, whole, ultimate, entire, fatal, spontaneous, univeral

4、, extreme, etc.比較結(jié)構(gòu)比較結(jié)構(gòu) 類型類型asasmorethanthe mostasas 基本形式基本形式as + adj/adv原級(jí)原級(jí)+ as 分句分句 否定形式否定形式not so/as + adj/adv原級(jí)原級(jí)+ as分句分句lessthanExamples:Examples:John is as bright as Bob.John is not as/so bright as Bob.John is less bright than Bob.asas變體形式變體形式 as much / many + 名詞名詞 + as 分句分句e.g. He took as mu

5、ch butter as he needed. She has written as many essays as her brother. as+ adj. 原級(jí)原級(jí)+名詞詞組名詞詞組 + as分句分句e.g. George is as efficient a worker as Jack. = George is a worker (who is) as efficient as Jack. 基本用法基本用法主語不同，比較項(xiàng)目相同主語不同，比較項(xiàng)目相同(不同事物的同一方不同事物的同一方面面)e.g. The girl was as brilliant as her sister. John

6、 doesnt behave as / so politely as Bob.主語相同，比較項(xiàng)目不同（同一事物的兩個(gè)方主語相同，比較項(xiàng)目不同（同一事物的兩個(gè)方面）面）e.g. The girl was as brilliant as she was beautiful. He is not so wise as he is witty.主語不同，比較項(xiàng)目也不同（不同事物的不同主語不同，比較項(xiàng)目也不同（不同事物的不同方面）方面）e.g. This swimming pool isnt twice as wide as that one is long. His uncle was as base

7、 and unworthy as his father had been upright and honorable.morethan 基本形式基本形式adj/ adv比較級(jí)比較級(jí) + than分句分句 否定形式否定形式lessthannot so/as + adj/adv原級(jí)原級(jí)+ as分句分句John is brighter than Bob.This car runs less fast than that one.(This car runs slower than that one.)This car doesnt run so/as fast as that one. 比較級(jí)前可加

8、數(shù)詞表示確切的度量比較級(jí)前可加數(shù)詞表示確切的度量e.g. He is two inches taller than his father. He came twenty minutes earlier than the others. 不定冠詞不定冠詞/零冠詞零冠詞+形容詞比較級(jí)形容詞比較級(jí)+ n. + than分句分句e.g. John is a more efficient worker than Jack.= John is a worker more efficient than Jack.= John is more efficient a worker than Jack. My

9、brother has a larger house than mine.= My brothers house is larger than mine.the+adj/adv比較級(jí)比較級(jí)+ of詞組詞組 e.g. John is the brighter of the two boys. The black one is the better of the two pens.n只適用于兩者比較只適用于兩者比較morethan變體形式變體形式more/less of a +可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+ than 分句分句e.g. He is more/less of a sportsman th

10、an his brother.= He is more/less sportsmanlike than his brother. He was more of a fool than I thought he was. He was as much of a fool as I thought he was. He was too much of a fool. 基本用法基本用法 比較兩個(gè)事物的同一方面比較兩個(gè)事物的同一方面e.g. This task is much more difficult than last one. 比較同一事物的兩個(gè)方面比較同一事物的兩個(gè)方面( (“與其與其不如不

11、如”) )(與其說與其說John腦子靈活，不如說他膽子大腦子靈活，不如說他膽子大)e.g. John is more daring than quick-witted. The present crisis is much more a political than an economic crisis.( (當(dāng)前的危機(jī)與其說是經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)，不如說是政治當(dāng)前的危機(jī)與其說是經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)，不如說是政治危機(jī)危機(jī)) )用用lesslessthanthan表示相反的含義表示相反的含義the most+比較范圍比較范圍 適用于三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上事物進(jìn)行比較適用于三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上事物進(jìn)行比較 John is the br

12、ightest of the three boys. 比較范圍（比較范圍（431）：）：可以為介詞詞組可以為介詞詞組也可為關(guān)系分句或非限定分句也可為關(guān)系分句或非限定分句 Its the worst thing I ve ever known.= It cant be worse. George did the most work this morning.= George did more work this morning than anyone else. 有些最高級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)并不是與其它事物相比有些最高級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)并不是與其它事物相比e.g. Please accept my deepest gra

13、titude. I shall do it with the greatest pleasure.最高級(jí)最高級(jí)the most 的反義的反義 可用可用the least 或原句形容詞或副詞的反義詞的最高級(jí)或原句形容詞或副詞的反義詞的最高級(jí)e.g. This is the least difficult book Ive ever read.= This is the easiest book Ive ever read. He behaved the least politely of the three.= He behaved the most rudely of the three.比較

14、結(jié)構(gòu)的其它形式比較結(jié)構(gòu)的其它形式（1） A is to B what C is to D A對(duì)于對(duì)于B就像就像C對(duì)于對(duì)于D一樣一樣e.g. You are to me what water is to life. Food is to men what oil is to machine. （2） not soas not so muchas （lessthan）e.g. London isnt so large as Tokyo. = is smaller than It wasnt so much his appearance I liked as his personality.= I

15、liked his appearance less than I liked his personality. = I liked his personality more than I liked his appearance. Not so much .as 與其不如（否定前者，肯定后者） 與其說成功在于運(yùn)氣，不如說在于辛勤勞動(dòng) 與其說他是個(gè)學(xué)者，不如說他是個(gè)書呆子。 Success lies not so much in luck as in hard work. He is not so much a scholar as a pedant （3）e.g. John is not be

16、tter than Tom. John is no better than Tom. Tom is better than John. John is as bad as Tom. not more than 不多于不多于 no more than 只是，僅僅只是，僅僅no richer than = as poor asno bigger than = as small as no more than 與與一樣一樣(不不)；既不；既不也不也不 (= not any more than) more than 不只是不只是e.g. A whale is no more a fish than a

17、 horse is. I would no more call you than I would write to you.= I would not call you, just as I would not write to you.II. Learning PointsII. Learning PointsII. Learning PointsII. Learning PointsII. Learning Points no less than = as much as “竟有竟有之多，多達(dá)之多，多達(dá)”強(qiáng)調(diào)多強(qiáng)調(diào)多 no less than 前后均為肯定，前后均為肯定， “不亞于，不亞于

18、， 和和 一樣一樣” 、“正如、正是正如、正是” not less than 意為意為“不少于，至少不少于，至少”，客觀地描述，客觀地描述 His son has read no less than 50 English books. 他的兒子竟然讀了他的兒子竟然讀了50本英文書。（強(qiáng)調(diào)多）本英文書。（強(qiáng)調(diào)多） His son has read not less than 50 English books. 他的兒子讀了不少于他的兒子讀了不少于50本英文書。（不強(qiáng)調(diào)多或少）本英文書。（不強(qiáng)調(diào)多或少） The middle-aged man was no less a person than the new minister. 這位中年人正是新來的部長。這位中年人正是新來的部長。 Her voice is no less sweet than it used to be. 她的歌聲和以前一樣甜美。她的歌聲和以前一樣甜美。（4） the more the more 越越越越 more and more 越來越越來越e.g. The sooner you start, the more quickly youll finish.The more money he gets, the less happy he has.The prices