rhetorical-devices修辭手法的介紹-演示幻燈片

1、Rhetorical devices employed in Kings speech In rhetoric, a rhetorical device or resource of language is a technique that an author or speaker uses to convey to the listener or reader a meaning with the goal of persuading him or her towards considering a topic from a different perspective.Goal (purpo

2、se) While rhetorical devices may be used to evoke an emotional response in the audience, there are other reasons to use them. The goal of rhetoric is to persuade towards a particular frame of view or a particular course of action, so appropriate rhetorical devices are used to construct sentences des

3、igned both to make the audience receptive through emotional changes and to provide a rational argument for the frame of view or course of action.Repetition(反復(fù))antithesis(對(duì)照，對(duì)仗)Imagery(比喻)definedTypes(類型)Reflection is the repetition of a word or phrase to affect a different meaning e.g. We must all h

4、ang together, or assuredly we shall all hang separately. 我們必須緊密團(tuán)結(jié)在一起，不然我們會(huì)被一個(gè)接著一個(gè)吊死。 (Benjamin Franklin) Epizeuxis is the repetition of words in immediate succession e.g. Words, words, words. (Hamlet) Never, never, never quit. (Winston Churchill)Anadiplosis（加倍） is the repetition of the last word of

5、a preceding clause. The word is used at the end of a sentence and then used again at the beginning of the next sentence. e.g. “Fear leads to anger. Anger leads to hate. Hate leads to suffering.” Yoda, Star Wars 恐懼產(chǎn)生憤怒，憤怒導(dǎo)致仇恨，仇恨將帶來(lái)苦難。尤達(dá)星球大戰(zhàn)Epistrophe (詞尾重復(fù))is the repetition of a word or phrase at the

6、 end of every clause.e.g. There is no Negro problem. There is no Southern problem. There is no Northern problem. There is only an American problem. Lyndon B. Johnson in We Shall Overcome 所謂的黑人問(wèn)題，南方問(wèn)題，北方問(wèn)題，歸根到底還是美國(guó)問(wèn)題。（林登約翰遜我們終將克服一切）Anaphora is a rhetorical device that consists of repeating a sequence

7、 of words at the beginnings of neighboring clauses, thereby lending them emphasis. e.g. In time .In time .In time . I fled Him,.I fled Him,.I fled Him,.Of my own mind. Epanalepsis is the repetition of the initial word or words of a clause or sentence at the end.e.g. The king is dead; long live the k

8、ing. ColdplayViva La Vida “先王亡矣！新王萬(wàn)代！” 酷玩樂(lè)隊(duì)生命萬(wàn)歲 (para2) But one hundred years later, we must face the tragic fact that the Negro is still not free. One hundred years later, the life of the Negro is still sadly crippled by the manacles（手銬） of segregation（種族隔離） and the chains of discrimination（種族歧視）.

9、One hundred years later, the Negro lives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity（繁榮）. One hundred years later, the Negro is still languishing（受折磨） in the corners of American society and finds himself an exile（流放者） in his own land. So we have come here today

10、to dramatize（戲劇性處理） a shameful condition. Repetition in Kings speechRepetition in Kings speech (para7)And as we walk, we must make the pledge that we shall march ahead. We cannot turn back. There are those who are asking the devotees of civil rights, When will you be satisfied? We can never be satis

11、fied as long as our bodies, heavy with the fatigue of travel, cannot gain lodging in the motels of the highways and the hotels of the cities. We can never be satisfied as long as the Negros basic mobility is from a smaller ghetto to a larger one. We can never be satisfied as long as a Negro in Missi

12、ssippi cannot vote and a Negro in New York believes he has nothing for which to vote. No, no, we are not satisfied, and we will not be satisfied until justice rolls down like waters and righteousness like a mighty stream.“ “We can never (cannot) be satisfied” repeat5 timesWe can never (cannot) be sa

13、tisfied” repeat5 timesContrast(對(duì)照)/antithesis(對(duì)照，對(duì)仗)definedExamplesMan proposes, God disposes.謀事在人，成事在天。Many are called, but few are chosen.被召集的人很多，選上的很少It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness.那是最美好的時(shí)代，那是最糟糕的時(shí)代；那是智慧的年頭，那是愚昧的年頭 。 雙城

14、記查爾斯狄更斯Antithesis in Kings speech Now is the time to rise from the dark and desolate valley of segregation to the sunlit path of racial justice. Now is the time to open the doors of opportunity to all of Gods children. Now is the time to lift our nation from the quicksands of racial injustice to the

15、 solid rock of brotherhood. 現(xiàn)在是走出幽暗荒涼的種族隔離深谷，踏上種族平等的陽(yáng)關(guān)大道的時(shí)候。現(xiàn)在是使我們國(guó)家走出種族不平等的流沙，踏上充滿手足之情的磐石的時(shí)候。現(xiàn)在是使上帝所有孩子真正享有公正的時(shí)候。 “the dark and desolate valley of segregation “ is contrasted with “the sunlit path of racial justice” the quicksands of racial injustice is contrasted with solid rock of brotherhood. An

16、tithesis in Kings speech This sweltering summer of the Negros legitimate discontent will not pass until there is an invigorating autumn of freedom and equality. Nineteen sixty-three is not an end, but a beginning.自由平等的朗朗秋日不到來(lái)，黑人順情合理哀怨的酷暑就不會(huì)過(guò)去。1963年不是一個(gè)結(jié)束，而是一個(gè)開端。 sweltering summer is contrasted with

17、invigorating autumn 意義上相對(duì)立的詞sweltering summersweltering summer與“invigorating autumninvigorating autumn湊在一起進(jìn)行對(duì)比，句子結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊，語(yǔ)言色彩鮮明，語(yǔ)意作用強(qiáng)烈。這種對(duì)照修辭手段在結(jié)構(gòu)成分上對(duì)稱，意義上則對(duì)照，它可以把深刻的道理說(shuō)得明白動(dòng)聽。defineddefined明喻(simile)是就兩個(gè)不同類對(duì)象之間的相似點(diǎn)進(jìn)行比喻，通常用介詞“l(fā)ike”，連詞“as,as,if”，動(dòng)詞“seem”等。以及句型“A to B”、“C to D”等。usesUsing likeA simile can

18、 explicitly provide the basis of a comparison or leave this basis implicit. e.g. hannah is like a candy so sweet. Her eyes twinkled like stars. Using asThe use of as makes the simile explicit, by clearly stating the feature predicated of the target. e.g. mina walks as gracefully as a cat. clark was

19、as hungry as a lion. Without like or asSimiles are sometimes made without using the words like or as. This often occurs when making comparisons of differing values.e.g. How this Herculean Roman does become / The carriage of his chafe. (William Shakespeare,)Simile in Kings speech This momentous decre

20、e came as a great beacon light of hope to millions of Negro slaves who had been seared in the flames of withering injustice. It came as a joyous daybreak to end the long night of captivity. 這項(xiàng)重要法令的頒布，對(duì)于千百萬(wàn)灼烤于非正義殘焰中的黑奴，猶如帶來(lái)希望之光的碩大燈塔，恰似結(jié)束漫漫長(zhǎng)夜禁錮的歡暢黎明。 馬丁路德金把解放宣言比喻為希望之光，比喻為結(jié)束慢慢長(zhǎng)夜的籠罩后的歡暢黎明，比喻非常貼切，語(yǔ)言生動(dòng)，語(yǔ)意深刻。defined暗喻(meta