動詞ing形式的用法及練習(xí)題(歸納整理,含答案)

1、1. ing 分詞的構(gòu)成分詞的構(gòu)成主動形式主動形式被動形式被動形式一般式一般式doingbeing done完成式完成式having done having been done否定式否定式: not+ -ing/not having(been) done不是不是 having not (been) done2. 一般式和完成式的用法一般式和完成式的用法-ing 分詞的一般式表示和謂語動詞所表示分詞的一般式表示和謂語動詞所表示的動作的動作同時同時進(jìn)行的一個動作；完成式表示進(jìn)行的一個動作；完成式表示先于先于謂語動詞動作之前的一個動作。如：謂語動詞動作之前的一個動作。如： Walking along

2、 the street, he caught sightof an old friend of his. Not having studied his lessons very hard,he failed the examinations.3. -ing分詞的被動式分詞的被動式 當(dāng)當(dāng)ing 分詞與它的邏輯主語構(gòu)成被分詞與它的邏輯主語構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系時，需要用被動形式。根據(jù)動關(guān)系時，需要用被動形式。根據(jù)ing分詞動作發(fā)生的時間，分詞動作發(fā)生的時間，ing分詞的被動分詞的被動式分為一般被動式式分為一般被動式(being done)和完成被和完成被動式動式(having been done), 如：如

3、：The question being discussed is very important. Having been praised by the teacher, he works even harder. 4. -ing分詞的句法功能分詞的句法功能1) -ing 分詞作主語分詞作主語 Learning English has become a part of his life. It is no use trying to repair the ship. These holes are much too big.2) -ing分詞作賓語分詞作賓語 以下動詞必須跟以下動詞必須跟-ing

4、分詞作賓語：分詞作賓語：admit/appreciate/avoid/consider/delay/deny/dislike/enjoy/excuse/finish/image/keep/mind/ miss/postpone/put off/practise/risk/stand/ stop/ suggest/ give up/cannot help避免避免 錯過錯過 少延期少延期 avoid miss put off/ postpone建議建議 完成完成 多練習(xí)多練習(xí) suggest finish practise喜歡喜歡 想像想像 禁不住禁不住 enjoy imagine cant he

5、lp承認(rèn)承認(rèn) 否定否定 與嫉妒與嫉妒 admit deny envy逃避逃避 冒險冒險 莫原諒莫原諒 escape risk excuse忍受忍受 保持保持 不介意不介意 stand keep mindMake them easier for you to remember !Make them easier for you to remember !英語中某些及物動詞后習(xí)慣跟動名詞作賓語，這類動詞英語中某些及物動詞后習(xí)慣跟動名詞作賓語，這類動詞是是：advise, delay, appreciate, consider, be worth, feel like etc. to do sth.

6、 doing sth.forgetrememberregretmeango onstop try忘記忘記去做去做某事某事忘記忘記已經(jīng)做過已經(jīng)做過某事某事記住記住去做去做某事某事記住記住曾做過曾做過某事某事遺憾遺憾去做去做某事某事后悔后悔做過做過某事某事打算打算/想做某事想做某事意味著做某事意味著做某事（做完某事）接著去（做完某事）接著去做另一件事做另一件事繼續(xù)做同一件事繼續(xù)做同一件事努力去做某事努力去做某事試著做某事試著做某事停下來去做另一件事停下來去做另一件事停止做一件事停止做一件事3）-ing 分詞作表語。如：分詞作表語。如： Our job is playing all kinds of

7、 music. The music they are playing sounds so exciting. 注：一般來講，注：一般來講，-ing分詞作表語有兩種情況，分詞作表語有兩種情況，一是名詞性，這時主語和表語可以互換。即：一是名詞性，這時主語和表語可以互換。即：Playing all kinds of music is our job.二是形容詞性，表示主語的性質(zhì)和特征，二是形容詞性，表示主語的性質(zhì)和特征，主表不可互換。主表不可互換。 4） -ing分詞作定語可以表示分詞作定語可以表示 (1) 所修飾名詞的用途。如：所修飾名詞的用途。如： a waiting room(=a room

8、for waiting) 候車室候車室 a walking stick(=a stick for walking) 手杖手杖 a sleeping car (= a car for sleeping) 臥車臥車 （2）所修飾詞的性質(zhì)特征。如：）所修飾詞的性質(zhì)特征。如： exciting news 令人激動的消息令人激動的消息 a moving story 一個令人感動的故事一個令人感動的故事 注：分詞短語作定語須放在所修飾詞之后，注：分詞短語作定語須放在所修飾詞之后，例例如如：the man standing at the gate=the man who is standing at the

9、 gate 另外，另外，-ing分詞的完成式不能作定語。例如分詞的完成式不能作定語。例如 不可以說：不可以說：The man having written manybooks is a former student of our school.應(yīng)改為應(yīng)改為The man who has written many books is(3)所修飾名詞正在進(jìn)行的動作，可以換成定語所修飾名詞正在進(jìn)行的動作，可以換成定語從句形式。如：從句形式。如： a sleeping child (=a child who is sleeping) 正睡覺的孩子正睡覺的孩子 a walking man (= a man

10、 who is walking) 正散步的男人正散步的男人 5) 在在see,hear,feel,watch,notice等感官動詞后等感官動詞后可以用可以用-ing形式做賓語補(bǔ)足語。這時形式做賓語補(bǔ)足語。這時-ing 形式形式和句子的賓語之間存在著邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，和句子的賓語之間存在著邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，并且并且-ing 形式表示賓語正在進(jìn)行的動作。如：形式表示賓語正在進(jìn)行的動作。如： He saw a boy climbing the tree. Do you hear someone knocking at the door? 有人敲門你聽見了嗎有人敲門你聽見了嗎?區(qū)別區(qū)別see sb.

11、 doing sth 是指是指”看見某人正在做某事看見某人正在做某事”，不是全，不是全過程，表正在進(jìn)行過程，表正在進(jìn)行 see sb. do sth 是指是指”看見某人做過某事看見某人做過某事”是看著事情的是看著事情的發(fā)生全過程，發(fā)生全過程， 是看見某人做某事是看見某人做某事例句例句I saw her clean the classroom. 是說我看到她打掃教室了。（強(qiáng)調(diào)做過這件事）是說我看到她打掃教室了。（強(qiáng)調(diào)做過這件事） I saw her cleaning the classroom. 我看到她正在掃打教室（強(qiáng)調(diào)正在做某事）我看到她正在掃打教室（強(qiáng)調(diào)正在做某事）6)-ing分詞作狀語分

12、詞作狀語 (1)-ing分詞在句中可以作分詞在句中可以作伴隨狀語伴隨狀語，常放于，常放于句后，表示主語正在進(jìn)行的另一個動作，來對句后，表示主語正在進(jìn)行的另一個動作，來對謂語表示的主要動作加以修飾或作主要陪襯。謂語表示的主要動作加以修飾或作主要陪襯。如：如： They sat in front of the building, laughing and chatting. He worked late yesterday, preparing for the lecture. (2)-ing分詞可以作分詞可以作時間狀語時間狀語，常放在句首，常放在句首，如：如： (When)Walking in

13、the street,I caught sight of a tailors shop. (3)-ing分詞可以作分詞可以作原因狀語原因狀語，常放句首。，常放句首。 如：如： Being ill, he cant go to school. Not knowing her address, we couldnt get in touch with her. Having lived in the city for many years, he knows it very well.(After )Finishing my work, I went out.Having told us a fu

14、nny story, the teacher went onto explain the text to us(4)-ing分詞可以作分詞可以作條件狀語條件狀語，常放句首。，常放句首。 Turning to the right, youll find the post office there.(5)-ing分詞可以作分詞可以作結(jié)果狀語結(jié)果狀語，常放句末。，常放句末。 He turned off the light, seeing nothing.5. -ing分詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)分詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)物主代詞物主代詞/人稱代詞人稱代詞/名詞所屬格或普通名詞名詞所屬格或普通名詞+ing分詞分詞(1) 作主語

15、（須用作主語（須用物主代詞物主代詞或或名詞所屬格名詞所屬格）His/Toms not being chosen made us disappointed.(2)作賓語作賓語(除了物主代詞和名詞所有格，也可用除了物主代詞和名詞所有格，也可用普普通名詞或代詞賓格通名詞或代詞賓格） He was awakened by someones knockingat the door. They have never forgiven us going there. We dont mind him explaining it again. My friend cant understand your tr

16、eating himlike that.(3)作狀語作狀語 （須用普通名詞或主格代詞須用普通名詞或主格代詞,亦稱亦稱獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)）Time permitting, well deal with the text.The boy was playing with a ball, his mother standing nearby.1）獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語與句子的主語不同，它獨(dú)立存在。）獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語與句子的主語不同，它獨(dú)立存在。2）名詞或代詞與后面的分詞，形容詞，副詞，不定）名詞或代詞與后面的分詞，形容詞，副詞，不定 式，介詞式，介詞等是主謂關(guān)系或動賓關(guān)系。等是主謂關(guān)系或

17、動賓關(guān)系。3）獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)一般有逗號與主句分開。）獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)一般有逗號與主句分開。The test finished, we began our holiday.= When the test was finished, we began our holiday.The meeting gone over, everyone tired to go home earlier.獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)可在其前加上介詞獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)可在其前加上介詞 with/without。Without a word more spoken, she left the meeting room.The boy was wa

18、lking, with his father following.Miss Smith entered the classroom, book in hand.Miss Smith entered the classroom, with a book in her hand.在在“名詞（或代詞）名詞（或代詞）+介詞短語介詞短語”構(gòu)成的構(gòu)成的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中，一般不用形容詞性物主獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中，一般不用形容詞性物主代詞和冠詞。代詞和冠詞。Not far from the school there was a garden, _ owner seated in it playing chess wi

19、th his little grandson every afternoon.A. its B. whose C. which D. that【分析分析】此題很容易誤選此題很容易誤選B，漢子你一不小心就會認(rèn)，漢子你一不小心就會認(rèn)為它是定語從句，為它是定語從句，whose 在定語從句中用作定語修飾在定語從句中用作定語修飾其后的名詞其后的名詞owner。但它卻不是一個句子，因?yàn)闆]有。但它卻不是一個句子，因?yàn)闆]有謂語。謂語。seat 用作動詞時，它總是及物的，其后要么接用作動詞時，它總是及物的，其后要么接賓語，要么它就用于被動語態(tài)，所以若在賓語，要么它就用于被動語態(tài)，所以若在 seated 前加前加

20、上助動詞上助動詞is，則可以選擇，則可以選擇B。所以選。所以選A。(1) He wrote a lot of novels, many of _ translated into foreign languages.A. it B. them C.which D. that(2) He wrote a lot of novels, many of _ were translated into foreign languages.A. it B. them C. which D. that第第(1)應(yīng)選應(yīng)選B，因?yàn)榫渲械?，因?yàn)榫渲械?translated 是過去分詞是過去分詞若選若選C，則該從句無

21、謂語；，則該從句無謂語；第第(2)應(yīng)選應(yīng)選C，該句是典型的定語從句，因?yàn)樵摼?，該句是典型的定語從句，因?yàn)樵摼湫揎椀氖乔懊娴男揎椀氖乔懊娴膎ovels，即指物，所以只能用，即指物，所以只能用which做做of的賓語的賓語 . 請記住定語從句有逗號請記住定語從句有逗號,不用不用that !(3) He wrote a lot of novels, and many of _ were translated into foreign languages.A. it B. them C. which D. that【分析分析】此題與上面的第此題與上面的第(2)題不同，兩句間題不同，兩句間多了一個并列連

22、詞多了一個并列連詞and，說明這是一個并列，說明這是一個并列句，故應(yīng)選句，故應(yīng)選B，則不能選，則不能選C。(1) There I met several people, two of _ being foreigners.A. which B. them C. whom D. that(2) There I met several people, two of _ were foreigners. A. Which B. whom C. who D. that(3) There I met several people, and two of _ were foreigners. A. whi

23、ch B. them C. whom D. that(4)There _ nothing more to do , Mr.Goodman left for home. A. Was B. being C. to be D. had being（獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)）（獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)）（非限制性定語從句）（非限制性定語從句）（兩個句子）（兩個句子）（獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)）（獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)）1. _ more attention, the tree could have grown better A. Given B.To give C. Giving D. Having given2._ a reply, he d

24、ecided to write again. A. Not receiving B. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not received3.The secretary worked late into the night, _ a long speech for the president. A. to prepare B. preparing C. prepared D was preparingBACto prepare表目的意思上并不錯但通表目的意思上并不錯但通常不用逗號隔開常不用逗號隔開5. The visiting

25、Minister expressed his satisfaction with his talks, _ that he had enjoyed his stay here. A. having added B. to add C. adding D. addedC6.“ Cant you read?” Mary said _ to the notice. A. angrily pointing B. and pointed angrily C. angrily pointed D. and angrily pointing8. The computer center, _ last yea

26、r, is very popular among the students in this school. A. open B. opening C. having opened D. opened9. The first textbooks_ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. A. having written B. to be written C. being written D. written ADD11. Do you know the boy _ under the bi

27、g tree ? A.lay B. lain C. laying D. lying12. There was a terrible noise _ the sudden burst of light. A. followed B. following C. to be followed D. being followed 13. - Good morning, can I help you ? - Id like to have this package_ , madam. A. be weighed B. to be weighed C. to weigh D. weighed14. The

28、 speaker raised his voice but still couldnt make himself _. A. hear B. to hear C. hearing D. heard DDDB15. The missing boys were last seen _ near the river. A. playing B. to be playing C. play D. to play16. The salesman scolded the girl caught _ and let her off. A. to have stolen B. to be stealing C

29、. to steal D. stealing A 別人看到時正在玩耍別人看到時正在玩耍,而非全過程而非全過程D補(bǔ)充完補(bǔ)充完girl的定語從句：的定語從句：who is caught stealing其中其中who is 可以省略可以省略 也可以加上。也可以加上。be caught doing sth是固定句型。意思是某人被撞者是固定句型。意思是某人被撞者做某事做某事 ，放到句中，就是被抓到偷東西。，放到句中，就是被抓到偷東西。17. The murderer was brought in, with his hands _ behind his back. A. being tied B. h

30、aving tied C. to be tied D. tied19. She set out soon after dark _ home an hour later.A. arriving B. to arrive C.having arrived D.and arrivedDD20. John was made _ the truck for a week as a punishment. A. to wash B. washing C. wash D. to be washing21. Cleaning women in big cities usually get _ by the

31、hour. A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to pay22. Mr. Smith warned her daughter _ after drinking. A. never to drive B. to never drive C. never driving D. ever driveCAAwarn sb. (not) to do sth.警告某人（不要）干某事警告某人（不要）干某事warn sb. about /of sth.提醒、警告某人注意某事提醒、警告某人注意某事make sb. dobe made to do25. European football i

32、s played in 80 countries, _ it the most popular sport in the world. A. making B. makes C. made D. to make26. She pretended _ me when I passed by. A. not to see B. not seeing C. to not see D. having not seen27. Rather than _ on a crowded bus, he always prefers _ a bicycle. A. ride, ride B. riding , r

33、ide C. ride, to ride D. to ride, riding AAC28. Little Jim should love _ to the theatre this morning. A. to be taken B. to take C. being taken D. takingshoud love to 等于等于woud like to,后邊跟動詞后邊跟動詞原形原形,Jim 是被帶進(jìn)劇院的是被帶進(jìn)劇院的,用被動語態(tài)用被動語態(tài).所以選所以選A .29. I would love _ to the party last night but I had to work ext

34、ra hours to finish a report. A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone31. Tom kept quiet about the accident _ lose his job. A. so not as to B. so as not to C. so as to not D. not so as toBB33. - The light in the office is still on. - Oh, I forgot _. A. turning it off B. turn it off C. to turn

35、 it off D. having turned it off34. I can hardly image Peter _ across the Atlantic Ocean in five days. A. sail B. to sail C. sailing D. to have sailedCC35.I would appreciate _ back this afternoon. A. you to call B. you call C. your calling D. youre calling37. _ is a good form of exercise for both you

36、ng and old. A. The walk B. Walking C. To walk D. Walk38.- I must apologize for _ ahead of time. - Thats all right. A. letting you not know B. not letting you know C. letting you know not D. letting not you knowCBB42. You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting. - Well , now I regret _ t

37、hat. A. to do B. to be doing C. done D. having done 43. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _. A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not toDAB 這是一個省略式的回答，用這是一個省略式的回答，用to來表示動詞的省略。來表示動詞的省略。若選若選A，必須是完整的，必須是完整的，not to do that . 因?yàn)橐驗(yàn)閐o是及物是及物動詞。例如：動詞。例如：Would you

38、like to go with me? Id like to.44. The patient was warned _ oily food after the operation. A. to eat not B. eating not C. not to eat D. not eating45. _ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. A. Losing B. Having lost C. Lost D. To lost46. Robert is said _ abroad, but I dont know what

39、 country he studied. A. to have studied B. to study C. to be studying D. to have been studyingCCABe lost in sth 是沉醉、沉迷、迷失于。是沉醉、沉迷、迷失于。studied.48. When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door_ “ Sorry to miss you; will call later.”A.read B. reads C. to read D. reading49.The sentence wants_

40、 once more. A. explained B. explaining C. being explained D. to explainDBwant doing=want to be done.need require 都可以用主動的形式表示被動都可以用主動的形式表示被動如如 The trees need watering = The trees need to be watered.51. _ from so many apple, I think, these on the table are much better than the others. A. Having chosen B. Chosen C. Being chosen D. Choose52. Her skirt has become loose. She seems _ weight. A. to lose B. that she has lost C. to have lost D. to be losing53. The highway _ to the city is under repair now. A. leads B. led C. to lead D. leadingBCD54. Did _ on time make the teacher angry