牛津高中英語模塊一至四語法總結(jié)及練習(xí)

1、 牛津英語模塊1至模塊4語法總結(jié)及練習(xí)第一單元一 定語從句：定語從句的介紹1. 就像是一個形容詞或介詞短語修飾名詞一樣，定語從句也可以修飾名詞。定語從句所修飾的名詞稱為先行詞。形容詞： The green team介詞短語：The team in green定語從句：The team who were wearing green2. 定語從句通常由關(guān)系代詞來引導(dǎo)，如which, that, who, whom, whose,或關(guān)系副詞來引導(dǎo)，如when, where, why。關(guān)系代詞可以在定語從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)主語，賓語，表語，定語；關(guān)系副詞可以在定語從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)狀語。如：做主語The trees w

2、hich are on the school campus have lost their leaves.做賓語The student whom we saw just now is the best runner in our school.做表語Jack is no longer the lazy boy that he used to be.做定語She has a brother whose name I cant remember.做狀語The school where he studied is in Shenzhen.二 定語從句：關(guān)系代詞：that，which，who，whom

3、，和whose1. 在定語從句中，that和which用來指代物。eg：This is the story that /which we wrote for our storytelling contest.2. 在定語從句中，who 用來指代人。eg：I am going to see a friend who has just come back from the UK.3. 當(dāng)who在定語從句中做賓語時，可以用whom來取代，且whom比who更正式。eg：I dont know the name of the teacher who/whom I saw in the computer

4、 room the other day.4. 當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中做賓語時，who，whom，which和that可以被省略。eg：He likes all the birthday presents(that/which)his friends gave him.5. Whose用來表示所屬，它既可指人也可指物。eg：I sat next to a girl whose name was Diane.The club whose members are music fans meet in the school garden every Saturday afternoon.第二單元一 定

5、語從句：介詞提前的定語從句（prepositionwhich; prepositionwhom）1. 當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞（which/whom）做定語從句中介詞的賓語時，可以把介詞提到關(guān)系代詞的前面。eg：We thought you were a person from whom we could expect good decisions.2. 在非正式英語中，介詞通常放在定語從句的最后。eg：Art is the subject which I know little about.3. 如果介詞放在定語從句的最后，which 可以被that取代，whom可以被that和who取代。eg：Dad

6、is a person whom/that/who I can easily talk to.4. 當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞做定語從句中介詞的賓語，并且介詞又放在定語從句的末尾時，我們通常省略關(guān)系代詞who和that。eg：The topic (which) Eric is interested in is Physics.Daniel is the person (whom) I want to make friends with.5. 當(dāng)先行詞是way時，我們用in which或that來引導(dǎo)定語從句，這種情況下，in which或that 可以被省略。eg：I didnt like the way (

7、that /in which) she talked to me.二 定語從句：關(guān)系副詞：when，where，why1 我們通常用關(guān)系副詞when 引導(dǎo)先行詞是time，moment，day，season，year 等的定語從句。eg：Do you remember the day when we left you in charge?I often think of the moment when I saw the UFO.2 我們通常用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)先行詞是place，house，city，country，city，world等的定語從句。eg：The police searc

8、hed the house where the thief had stayed.This is not a family where bad behavior goes unpunished.3 我們通常用關(guān)系副詞why引導(dǎo)先行詞是reason的定語從句。eg：I dont know the reason why the house is so dirty.4 在更加正式的英語中，where，when和why能夠被介詞which 所替代。eg：The study is the place where/in which I often have talks with my father.Thi

9、s is the reason why/for which my parents got home earlier.It rained the whole day when/on which he traveled with his family.第三單元一 定語從句：非限制性定語從句1 非限制性定語從句是一個為主句添加額外信息的從句，在非限制性定語從句前通常有個逗號。eg：Amy, who took weight-loss pills, now realizes that health is important.My pills are in the bathroom, where I al

10、ways keep them.2 當(dāng)先行詞是整個主句時，可以用which來引導(dǎo)定語從句。eg：He missed the show, which was a great pity.3 我們可以用allwhom/which 來表示全部數(shù)量，用some ofwhom/which來表示部分?jǐn)?shù)量。eg：I am doing different types of exercises, all of which are quite helpful to my health.Many people, some of whom are not overweight, are going on diet.定語從

11、句練習(xí)1. Is this the factory _ you visited the other day? A. that B. where C. in which D. the one2. Is this factory _ some foreign friends visited last Friday? A. that B. where C. which D. the one3. Is this the factory _ he worked ten years ago? A. that B. where C. which D. the one4. The wolves hid the

12、mselves in the places _ couldnt be found. A. that B. where C. in which D. in that5. The freezing point is the temperature _ water changes into ice. A. at which B. on that C. in which D. of what6. The reason is _ he is unable to operate the machine. A. because B. why C. that D. whether7. Ill tell you

13、 _ he told me last week. A. all which B. that C. all that D. which8. That tree, _ branches are almost bare, is very old. A. whose B. of which C. in which D. on which9. I have bought the same dress _ she is wearing. A. as B. that C. which D. what10. Were talking about the piano and the pianist _ were

14、 in the concert we attended last night. A. which B. whom C. who D. that11. Anyone _ this opinion may speak out. A. that againsts B. that against C. who is against D. who are against12. Didnt you see the man _?I nodded just now B. whom I nodded just now C. I nodded to him just now D. I nodded to just

15、 now13. Is there anything _ to you? A. that is belonged B. that belongs C. that belong D. which belongs14. - “How do you like the book?” - “Its quite different from _ I read last month.” A. that B. which C. the one D. the one what15. Mr. Zhang gave the textbook to all the pupils except _ who had alr

16、eady taken them. A. the ones B. ones C. some D. the others16. The train _ she was travelling was late. A. which B. where C. on which D. in that17. Its the third time _ late this month. A. that you arrived B. when you arrived C. that youve arrived D. when youve arrived18. May the fourth is the day _

17、we Chinese people will never forget. A. which B. when C. on which D. about which19. Is it in that factory _ “Red Flag” cars are produced? A. in which B. where C. which D. that20. He must be from Africa, _ can be seen from his skin. A. that B. as C. who D. what21. He has two sons, _ work as chemists.

18、 A. two of whom B. both of whom C. both of which D. all of whom22. I, _ your good friend, will try my best to help you out. A. who is B. who am C. that is D. what is23. I dont like _ you speak to her. A. the way B. the way in that C. the way which D. the way of which24. The two things _they felt ver

19、y proud are Jims gold watch and Dellas hair. A. about which B. of which C. in which D. for which25. Do you know which hotel _? A. she is staying B. she is staying in C. is she staying D. is she staying in26. Who can think of a situation _ this idiom can be used? A. which B. that C. where D. in that2

20、7. The astronaut did many experiments in the spaceship, _much help for knowing space.which we think it is B. which we think are of C. of which we think is D. I think which is of28. The great day we looked forward to _ at last A. come B. came C. coming D. comes29. I like the second football match _ w

21、as held last week. A. which B. who C. that D. /30. This is the very film _ Ive long wished to see. A. which B. that C. who D. whom31.The house _the capitalist used to live in is now a nursery. A. that B. where C. what D. when32.The doctor did all_ to save the wounded boy.A. what he could B. he could

22、 C. everything which he could D. for which he could do33. _you know, he is a famous musician. A. As B. which C. That D.34.He is the only one of the three_ got the new idea. A. who have B. whom have C. who has D. whose had35.This is the baby_ tomorrow. A. after whom I shall look B. whom I shall look

23、after C. whose I shall look after D. after whom I shall look after36. These students will graduate from the university next summer, _ they will have studied here for four years. A. by then B. by that time C. by what time D. by which time37. This is the house the window _ faces the south. A. of which

24、 B. which C. of it D. whose38. It is five oclock in the afternoon _ they arrived at the hotel. A. since B. before C. when D. that39. In some countries, _is called “equality” does not really mean equal rights for all people. A. which B. what C. that D. one40. - How about the games?-Very interesting,

25、and the ones _the young men competed were really exciting A. what B. for whom C. where D. in which二 附加疑問句1 附加疑問句是放在陳述句后面的短問句。它們通常被用在口語中來引出一段對話，以一個更加禮貌的方式來詢問信息，溫柔的發(fā)號施令或要求某人做某事。我們用附加疑問句來詢問意見或征求同意。當(dāng)我們用附加疑問句來詢問意見時，為了期待對方能同意我們的觀點，附加疑問句會用降調(diào)來表達(dá)。當(dāng)我們用附加疑問句來征求同意時，我們實際上是在詢問我們自己也不太能確信的事情，這時候附加疑問句會用升調(diào)來表達(dá)。2 附加疑問句

26、的構(gòu)成有以下幾種：1） 在肯定的陳述句之后，我們會用否定的附加疑問句。在否定的陳述句之后，我們會用肯定的附加疑問句。eg：We can still be friends, cant we?He doesnt like ice cream, does he?當(dāng)主句中有像neither，none，nobody，nothing，few，little，never，hardly或seldom這類詞時，它們被認(rèn)為是否定的，因此后面會跟個肯定的附加疑問句。eg：Neither of you will have coffee, will you?No one has found my CD, have the

27、y?Nobody understood his speech, did they?His sister seldom argues with people, does she?人稱代詞如I，we，you，he，she，it或they會放在附加疑問句中。eg：I was pretty silly, wasnt I?Everyone has advises you not to go on a diet, havent you?助動詞，情態(tài)動詞或be動詞會放在附加疑問句中。eg：You like traveling, dont you?There is something wrong, isnt

28、there?You cant speak Italian, can you?祁使句后用will you， Lets后用shall weeg：Post a letter for me, will you?Lets have a break, shall we?反意疑問句1 He hurt his leg when playing football. He is very unlucky, _ he?A is B didnt C isnt D does2 John is a diligent student who spends most of his time studying, _ he?A

29、hadnt B had C does D isnt3 They dont answer the phone when I call. -There isnt any one at home then, _?A isnt there B is there C is it D isnt it4 It seldom snows in winter in Shanghai, _?A doesnt it B isnt it C is it D does it5 She has already plans for the summer holidays, _?A hasnt she B isnt she

30、C doesnt she D hadnt it6 Mother loves reading. She never spends time watching TV, _?A does she B will she C have she D doesnt she7 It is the first time that she has been to the United States, _?A isnt she B isnt it C hasnt she D hasnt it8 I dont think he is right, _?A do I B dont I C is he D isnt he

31、第一單元一 現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)1 我們用現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)來表示在最近的過去發(fā)生的但跟現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系的事情。eg：The disappearance of Justin has made Kelly very unhappy.2 我們也用現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)來表示在過去剛開始，并且現(xiàn)在還沒結(jié)束的事情。eg：I have not seen Justin since last Friday night.當(dāng)動作發(fā)生的確切時間不清楚或不重要時，我們也用現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)。經(jīng)常連用的時間短語有：already, ever, for, just, lately, never, recently, since, yet, already

32、用于肯定句，yet用于否定句。eg：The boy has already come home. I havent heard anything from him yet.for+一段時間 since+點時間eg：We havent seen him for two years. We havent seen him since 2002.注：當(dāng)已給定具體的時間時，我們往往用一般過去時態(tài)，而不是現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)。我們用現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)來談?wù)搫倓偼瓿傻膭幼?。eg：The police have just finished searching the area.我們也用現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)來表示重復(fù)的動作。eg：

33、Some villages say that they have seen UFOs many times.現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)的構(gòu)成是：have/has+動詞的過去分詞二 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時態(tài)1 我們用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時態(tài)來表示在過去發(fā)生的并且仍將繼續(xù)的動作。eg：I have not been sleeping well since I returned home.2 我們用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時態(tài)來表示剛剛結(jié)束但以某種方式和現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系的動作。eg：- Sorry Im late. Have you been waiting long?- Yes, Ive been waiting for an hour.3 現(xiàn)

34、在完成進(jìn)行時態(tài)的構(gòu)成：have/has +been +doing注：for和since和現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時態(tài)連用。eg：I have been waiting for a long time.He has been waiting since nine oclock.三 現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)還是現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時態(tài)1 我們用現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)來談?wù)搫倓偼瓿傻膭幼?，用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時態(tài)來表示發(fā)生在過去并且現(xiàn)在仍在發(fā)生的動作。eg：Li Jia has read a book about Stonehenge. (She finished reading the book.) Li Jia has been readin

35、g a book about Stonehenge. (She is still reading the book.)2 我們用現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)表示重復(fù)的動作，用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時態(tài)來表示不停的動作。eg：I have visited Egypt twice this month.I have been touring Egypt for two months.現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)用于回答how many/much的提問，現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時態(tài)用于回答how long的提問。eg：How many times have you swum in the lake?How long have you been swim

36、ming in the lake?3狀態(tài)動詞和動作動詞都可以用在現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)中，但只有動作動詞可以用在現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時態(tài)中。eg：I have had this camera for five years. (狀態(tài)動詞)I have taken photos of UFO with this camera. （動作動詞）I have been taking photos of UFO with this camera. （動作動詞）注：動作動詞表示發(fā)生或變化的動作，如go，play。狀態(tài)動詞表示保持不變的動作，如like， know，exist4 當(dāng) never，yet，already，ever

37、出現(xiàn)在句子中時，只用現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)，而不用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時態(tài)。eg：Ive never visited Paris.Ive already been to Paris.第二單元一 將來進(jìn)行時態(tài)1 我們用將來進(jìn)行時態(tài)來：1） 談?wù)搶硪欢螘r間正在進(jìn)行的事情。eg：Toby will be climbing in the Himalayas all next week2） 談?wù)搹膶淼哪骋稽c開始并且有可能要持續(xù)一段時間的事情。eg：Toby will not be in London next Tuesday. He will be climbing in the Himalayas.3） 沒有任何意

38、圖的表達(dá)將來的事情。eg：The weather report says that it will be raining when we arrive in London.(在這種情況下表示事情是很自然的發(fā)生的，沒有人為的安排.)4） 禮貌地詢問有關(guān)其他人將來的計劃。eg：Will you be visiting your uncle in Tanzania?2 將來進(jìn)行時態(tài)的構(gòu)成：1） 陳述句：will(not)+v-ingeg：Toby and his brother, Colin, will (not) be flying to Morocco.2） 疑問句：will 提到主語的前面eg

39、：Will they be flying to Morocco on 15th July?3） 回答：will（not）eg：Yes, they will. /No, they will not(wont)二 過去將來時態(tài)1 我們用過去將來時態(tài)和過去進(jìn)行時態(tài)來：1） 表示過去的將來某一時間要發(fā)生的動作。eg：They set off at 9 a.m. and would reach the airport an hour later.2) 暗指一個過去的目的。eg：I was going to leave, but then it rained.3) 暗指一個過去的安排。eg：Colin c

40、alled Jennifer to say that he was seeing her later that afternoon.4) 指代實際已經(jīng)發(fā)生過的將來的動作。eg：The journey that was to change Tobys life started in July that year.2 陳述句中過去將來時態(tài)的構(gòu)成：1） would +動詞原形eg：I told you Colin and I would spend a few weeks traveling.2) was/were going to，was /were to , was/were about toe

41、g：We were going to see the wild animals, but then we didnt have time.It was his last day at school-he was to leave the next morning.Colin was about to get off the camel when a child ran towards him.第三單元一 過去完成時態(tài)1 我們用一般過去時態(tài)來談?wù)撘粋€過去的動作。當(dāng)我們想要談?wù)摫冗^去更早的時間里發(fā)生的事情時，就用過去完成時態(tài)。eg：Upon entering the tomb, Carters l

42、ucky pet bird, which had led him to the place, was eaten by a snake.2 在直接引語中，我們用過去完成時態(tài)來指代說話的時候就已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動作。直接引語中的一般過去時態(tài)和現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)在間接引語中改為過去完成時態(tài)。eg：“We emptied the tomb of everything it contained,” said Carter.-Carter said that they had emptied the tomb of everything it contained.3 過去完成時態(tài)只是指在另一個過去的動作之前發(fā)生的動作

43、，并不是指發(fā)生在一長段時間以前的動作。eg：I had done my homework this morning before I went to the museum.4 過去完成時態(tài)經(jīng)常跟以下引導(dǎo)的時間短語連用，如when, after, before, as soon as, until, since, by, for, already.eg：Then a few months after Carter had opened the tomb, Lord Carnarvon fell ill with a fever and died.5 過去完成時態(tài)的構(gòu)成：had+v-edeg：Ho

44、ward Carter had received money from Lord Carnarvon before he made his most amazing discovery.二 現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)還是過去完成時態(tài)1. 當(dāng)我們談?wù)撘粋€與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)的過去的事情時，我們用現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)。eg：Howard Carter is one of the most famous explorers the world has ever known.2. 當(dāng)我們在談?wù)撨^去，并要說明一個更早發(fā)生的動作的時候，我們就要用過去完成時態(tài)。eg：Not long after the tomb had been ope

45、ned, people in Carters team began to fall ill and die strangly.語法復(fù)習(xí) ?？於蘒 1Alices second-hand computer_ wrong although she used it only once.A goes B has gone C is going D had gone2 Robert _me his address the other day, but Im afraid I _it.A had given; lost B has given; have lost C gave ; have lost D

46、 gives; lost3 I_ nothing about it before you told me the news A know B knew C had known D has known4 -What _these days? Still busy writing your new book? -Yes, I think I can finish it next week.A do you do B have you been doing C have you done D did you do5 -what was the film like? -Well，I_ it_ very

47、 interesting.A thought; would be B thought; may be C think; is going to be D think; will be6 It was the third time that he _us about his story.A has told B told C is telling D had told7 I forget what I was taught, I only remember what I_.A learn B learned C have learned D had learned8 My younger sis

48、ter_ the Youth League _2004.A has joined; in B has joined; since C had joined; since D joined; in9 Where _my pen? I cannt find it anywhere. -I _it on this table, but now, its gone.A did you put; have put B have you put; putC had you put; was putting D were you putting; have put10 She was praised for

49、 what she_.A had done B has done C would do D does11 I_ he would help me with my English, in fact he didnt.A has thought B thoughtC think D had thought12 - Tom, your shirt is so dirty? - Mom, I _our storeroom downstairs and I will wash it after finishing the cleaning.A cleaned B have cleaned C was c

50、leaning D have been cleaning13 They_ friends since they met in New York.A have made B have become C have been D have turned14 Nobody but the twins_ some interest in the project till now.A shows B show C have shown D has shown15.The students dont want to have their supper until they _ their experimen

51、t.A finished B have finished C had finished D will finish16 By now students in Grade One _ 1,700 English words and phrases.A should learn B have learned C learned D learn17 Sorry to have kept you waiting! -I _ here for fifty minutes.A have arrived B have got C have reached D have been18 Where have y

52、ou been? I _you the whole day. -I was in the library reading magazines.A have been telephoning B had telephoned C telephoned D was telephoned19 Hi, Tracy , you look tired. -I am tired. I_ the living room all day.A painted B had painted C have been painting D have painted20 why didnt you come yesterd

53、ay? -I _ ,but I had an unexpected visitor.A had B would C was going to D did21 Will you be free at three oclock tomorrow afternoon. -No, I _ a meeting at that time.A will have B was going to have C will be having D would have22 What were you doing when I phoned you yesterday. -I _ just finished my homework and _to watch TV.A have; am going B have; was going C had; was going D had; am going 23 My father will be here tomorrow. -Oh, I thought that he _ today.A was coming B is coming C will come D comes 24 When we reach New York, it _.A probably will