新人教必修3_Unit1_[情態(tài)動詞]

1、GrammarModal verbs情態(tài)動詞表說話人的某種感情情態(tài)動詞表說話人的某種感情或語氣，對某一動作或狀態(tài)的或語氣，對某一動作或狀態(tài)的某種態(tài)度。表示某種態(tài)度。表示“需要、可以、需要、可以、必須、應(yīng)當(dāng)必須、應(yīng)當(dāng)”等。等。 情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞 ( modal verbs)1. 情態(tài)動詞有一定的意義，只表示期待或估計某事的情態(tài)動詞有一定的意義，只表示期待或估計某事的發(fā)生，不能表示正在發(fā)生或已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情。發(fā)生，不能表示正在發(fā)生或已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情。 2. 沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，即情態(tài)動詞第三人稱單數(shù)不沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，即情態(tài)動詞第三人稱單數(shù)不加加-s。 3. 不能獨立使用，它和后面的動詞構(gòu)成謂語。不

2、能獨立使用，它和后面的動詞構(gòu)成謂語。4. 情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞 除除ought 和和have 外，后面只能接動詞原外，后面只能接動詞原形形5. 情態(tài)動詞沒有非謂語形式，即沒有不定式，分詞情態(tài)動詞沒有非謂語形式，即沒有不定式，分詞等形式。等形式。 只作情態(tài)動詞的只作情態(tài)動詞的 can/could, may/might, ought to, must可情態(tài)可實義的可情態(tài)可實義的 need, dare/dared可情態(tài)可助動詞的可情態(tài)可助動詞的shall/should, will/would相當(dāng)于情態(tài)動詞的相當(dāng)于情態(tài)動詞的have to, used to情態(tài)動詞的語法特征情態(tài)動詞的語法特征 (EB p6

3、)1) Some of us can use the computer now, but we couldnt last year.2) The new-built theatre can seat 1500 people.3) Can she be in the computer center?4) I thought what he said could not be true.5) Can/Could I use your dictionary?6) Could you lend me a hand?1. 1.表能力表能力3. 表示表示“請求請求” “允許允許”(表請求時，口語中常用表請

4、求時，口語中常用 could 代替代替 can 使語氣更委婉，回答時用使語氣更委婉，回答時用can)2. 表示推測，意為表示推測，意為“可能可能”“”“或許或許”，用于疑問句或否定句，用于疑問句或否定句1. can 與與could4. 表示表示“許可許可”，可與，可與may 換用。換用。You can go home now.5. can 用于疑問句或否定句中時，表驚異、用于疑問句或否定句中時，表驚異、不相信等，意思是不相信等，意思是“可能、能夠可能、能夠”。How can you say that you really understand the wholestory if you hav

5、e covered only part of the article?6. cant/ couldnt +have + done 表示對過去情況的否定表示對過去情況的否定推測推測, “不可能做過不可能做過”Susan cant have written a report like this.7. could + have + done 表示對過去能做而未做的事情表示對過去能做而未做的事情感到惋惜，遺憾感到惋惜，遺憾, “本來可以做實際沒能做本來可以做實際沒能做”Its a pity. Your class could have got the first prize.cant用來表示由于特定事

6、實或環(huán)境某事肯定不會發(fā)生。用來表示由于特定事實或環(huán)境某事肯定不會發(fā)生。“不可能不可能”Eg: 1) -Listen, someone is knocking at the door, who can it be? - It cant be Tom. He has gone abroad. 2) - Can/ Could they have finished the work? - No, they cant have finished the work so soon. Michael _ be a policeman, for hes much too short. A. neednt B.

7、 cant C. should D. may 2. Mr. Bush is on time for everything. How _ it be that he was late for the opening ceremony(開幕式開幕式)? A. can B. should C. may D. must 3. - I stayed at a hotel while in New York. - Oh, did you? You _ with Barbara. A. could have stayed B. could stay C. would stay D. must have st

8、ayed My sister met him at the Grand Theater(大劇院大劇院) yesterday afternoon, so he _ your lecture. A. couldnt have attended B. neednt have attended C. mustnt have attended D. shouldnt have attendedBAAA2. may 與與might1. 表示表示“許可許可”或或“請求請求”，有，有“可以可以”的意思，口語中的意思，口語中 常用常用 might 代代 may ,表示委婉語氣。表示委婉語氣。 否定回答時用否定回

9、答時用“must not”表表“禁止，阻止禁止，阻止”， 不用不用 “may not”. “may not” 表示表示“可能不可能不” 。(EB p6)Eg: 1)- May I watch TV after supper? - Yes, you may. / No, you mustnt.2) Today is Sunday. She may not be in the office. 2. 表示可能性。表示可能性。 意為意為“或許，可能或許，可能” might 比比 may 可能性小?？赡苄孕?。Eg: 1) It might be true. 2) They may be in the l

10、ibrary now.3. may/ might as well + 動詞原形動詞原形 “還是還是的好的好” Eg: You may as well go and have a look.4. May you +動詞原形動詞原形 表表“希望、祝愿、祈求希望、祝愿、祈求” “祝你祝你”Eg: May you succeed.1.Sorry Im late. I _ have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again. A. might B. shouldC. can D. will2.Peter _ come with us

11、tonight, but he isnt very sure yet. A. must B. may C. can D. willAB3. will 與與would 1. 表請求、建議等，用表請求、建議等，用 would 比用比用will 委婉，客氣些委婉，客氣些Eg: 1)Will you lend me your book? 2) Would you like a cup of tea?2. 用于表示意志或意愿。用于表示意志或意愿。 will 指現(xiàn)在，而指現(xiàn)在，而 would 指過去。指過去。Eg: 1) Ill never do that again. 2) They said that

12、 they would help us.3.表示習(xí)慣性動作。表示習(xí)慣性動作。 譯作譯作 “總是、慣于總是、慣于” will 指現(xiàn)在，指現(xiàn)在， would 指過去指過去(would&used to 見見EB p7)。Eg: 1)He will often read all night. 2) Fish will die without water. 3) Every evening, she would sit by window, deep in thought.4. 表示功能，譯作表示功能，譯作“能、行能、行”Eg: 1) That will be all right. 2) Thi

13、s door wont open.5. 用于否定句用于否定句(will not/wont)中，表示中，表示“不肯、不樂意不肯、不樂意”Eg: No matter what I said, he wont listen to me.4. should1. 用于表勸告、建議。用于表勸告、建議。 意為意為”應(yīng)該、應(yīng)當(dāng)應(yīng)該、應(yīng)當(dāng)”。Eg: You should keep your promise.2. 用于表推測。用于表推測。 意為意為 “可能、該可能、該”Eg: 1) Its 7 oclock, he should be at home. 2) They should have arrived by

14、 now.3. should在一些結(jié)構(gòu)中，還可表惋惜、憂慮、驚訝、在一些結(jié)構(gòu)中，還可表惋惜、憂慮、驚訝、 歡樂、責(zé)備等感情色彩歡樂、責(zé)備等感情色彩e.g. Why shouldnt you invite him? I dont see why we shouldnt make friends. How should I know? 2) 在在that引導(dǎo)的從句中，引導(dǎo)的從句中，should也可表感情色彩。也可表感情色彩。 e.g. Im sorry that you should think so badly of me. It is absurd that such things shoul

15、d happen to a family like theirs. 3) should還用于一些特殊結(jié)構(gòu)表感情色彩。還用于一些特殊結(jié)構(gòu)表感情色彩。That it should come to this! 事情竟到了這種地步。事情竟到了這種地步。 To think that it should have happened to me! 誰想到這種事竟發(fā)生在我身上。誰想到這種事竟發(fā)生在我身上。1) should表感情色彩，常用在以表感情色彩，常用在以why, how開頭的疑問句中。開頭的疑問句中。5. shall 與與will1. shall 與第一、三人稱連用，且用在疑問句中時，與第一、三人稱連

16、用，且用在疑問句中時， 表說話人征求聽話者的允諾。表說話人征求聽話者的允諾。 will 與第二人稱連用，且出現(xiàn)在疑問句中時，與第二人稱連用，且出現(xiàn)在疑問句中時， 表示請求。表示請求。 would 更客氣。更客氣。Eg: 1) Shall we begin our discussion? 2) Shall the driver wait? 3) Will you speak louder, please?2. shall的主語是第二、三人稱的陳述句，表示說話人的主語是第二、三人稱的陳述句，表示說話人 的允諾、警告、命令等語氣。的允諾、警告、命令等語氣。 will 的主語是第一、二、三人稱的陳述句

17、，的主語是第一、二、三人稱的陳述句， 表意志、意愿。表意志、意愿。Eg: 1)You shall get the book tomorrow. 2) He shall be punished. 3) You shall go with me. 4) If you will come to my house, I will show you my new painting.允諾允諾警告警告命令命令6. must1. 表示義務(wù)或強(qiáng)烈的勸告，意為表示義務(wù)或強(qiáng)烈的勸告，意為“必須必須”“”“應(yīng)該應(yīng)該”， 其否定式表示其否定式表示 “不準(zhǔn)不準(zhǔn)”“”“禁止禁止”。Eg: 1) You must finis

18、h your homework first. 2) Children mustnt speak like that to their parents.2. 回答回答 must 所在的一般疑問句時，否定回答用所在的一般疑問句時，否定回答用 “neednt” “dont have to”.Eg: -Must we finish the work tomorrow? -No, you neednt/ dont have to, but you must finish it in three days.3. 表推測，用于肯定句，意為表推測，用于肯定句，意為“一定一定”“”“務(wù)必務(wù)必”。Eg: 1) B

19、etty must be in the next room. 2) He must be watering the flowers in his garden. 情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞 + have done (EB p23)這是歷年高考熱點之一，這是歷年高考熱點之一，可表示可表示“推測、責(zé)備、懷疑推測、責(zé)備、懷疑”等多種意義。等多種意義。一、表示對過去事情的推測或估計一、表示對過去事情的推測或估計1. must have done “想必或肯定已經(jīng)做了某事想必或肯定已經(jīng)做了某事” eg: The ground is rather wet, so it must have rained last n

20、ight.2. may/might have done “可能可能/大概已經(jīng)做了某事大概已經(jīng)做了某事” eg: Tom may have gone to shanghai, but Im still not sure about it.3. cant/couldnt have done “不可能已經(jīng)做了某事不可能已經(jīng)做了某事” eg: The ground is very dry, so it cant have rained last night.注：在疑問句中注：在疑問句中 can/could have done表示對過去情況的表示對過去情況的疑問性推測，疑問性推測，“可能已經(jīng)可能已經(jīng)了嗎？了嗎？” eg: Someone must have broken into our bedroom. Who could have done it?He neednt have come.He didnt need to come. 他本沒有必要來（實際也沒來）他本沒有必要來（實際也沒來）他本沒有必要來（實際卻來了）他本沒有必要來（實際卻來了）4. neednt have done “原本不必做的事卻做了原本不必做的事卻做了” eg: Your home is not far from your school