人教英語必修三 第四單元

1、1. in time (for sth /to do sth)eg. She will be back in time for dinner / to have dinner.1) not late 2) after a long period of time eg. Your hard work will pay off in time.你的付出遲早會你的付出遲早會得到回報得到回報。及時及時終于，遲早終于，遲早1) He can be really bad-tempered _.2) _ I used to go skiing everywinter.3) Im busy _. Would

2、you please call me back in a few minutes?4) Dont all speak at once. One _.5) The kids are leaving home _.6) Prepare what you plan to say at themeeting _.at timesAt one timefor the time beingat a timein no timeahead of time2. atmosphere1) the atmosphere, the mixture of gases that surrounds the earth

3、eg. Man must stop polluting the earthsatmosphere.2) the feeling that an event or place givesyou eg. The two sides are holding talks in afriendly atmosphere.大氣大氣(層層)氣氛氣氛3. presence/n. 出席，存在出席，存在eg. His presence at the party made ushonored.present/adj. 出席的；目前的出席的；目前的eg. Many people were present at the

4、 party.People present at the party were fromChina.The present situation is worrying.翻譯：翻譯：His present boss who presented5000 books to the poor children waspresent at the charity party.4. harmful, harm翻譯：在陽光下讀書對眼睛有害。翻譯：在陽光下讀書對眼睛有害。Reading in the sun is harmful to your eyes.Reading in the sun does har

5、m to your eyes.Reading in the sun harms your eyes.5. multiply1) add a number to itself a particularnumber of times乘乘2 乘以乘以3等于等于6Two and three multiply to make six.Two multiplied by three makes/is/equals six.2) increase增加增加eg. Our problems have multiplied sincelast year.6. exist/vi.1) be real or actu

6、al存在存在eg. A life free from all worry doesnt exist.2) continue living esp. with difficulty orwith very little money; survive 生存生存eg. Man cant exist/ survive/ live withoutwater and air. Scientists believe the universe came intoexistence about 15 billion years ago.7. thuseg. The universities expanded,

7、thusallowing many more people the chance ofhigher education.8. in ones turn 輪到某人輪到某人我已經(jīng)掃完了地，該輪到我已經(jīng)掃完了地，該輪到Tom擦玻璃了。擦玻璃了。 I have finished sweeping the floor, and Tom, in his turn, should clean the window.in turn 1) 依次，輪流依次，輪流eg. The children called out their namesin turn.2) 相應(yīng)，轉(zhuǎn)而，繼而相應(yīng)，轉(zhuǎn)而，繼而eg. Increas

8、ed production will in turn leadto increased profits.增加生產(chǎn)會繼而增加利潤。增加生產(chǎn)會繼而增加利潤。take turns to do sth.輪流做輪流做.eg. We take turns to do the housework.9. preventprevent A (from) doing.=stop A (from) doing.=keep A from doing阻止阻止A做做.翻譯：翻譯：1. 我們應(yīng)該防止環(huán)境受到污染。我們應(yīng)該防止環(huán)境受到污染。 We should prevent the environment (from)be

9、ing polluted.2. 應(yīng)該采取措施防止火勢蔓延。應(yīng)該采取措施防止火勢蔓延。 Measures should be taken to prevent thefire (from) tect A from B保護保護A不受不受B的的傷害傷害翻譯：每一位母親都會保護她們的孩子翻譯：每一位母親都會保護她們的孩子不受任何傷害。不受任何傷害。 Every mother will protect their child fromany possible harm.選擇：選擇：1). Let nothing _ you doing your duty.A. keep B.

10、have C. protect D. prevent2). What _ you to come to the party? -An unexpected accident _ me going.A. prevented; forbadeB. protected; forbadeC. forbade; preventedD. stopped; kept3). He put on his sunglasses to _ his eyesfrom the strong sunlight.A. prevent B. stop C. keep D. protectDCD4). We should pr

11、event pollution _ a happy life.A. live B. living C. to live D. from livingC10. puzzle/n. mystery迷，難題迷，難題eg. a crossword puzzle縱橫字謎縱橫字謎translate: The deeper meaning of the poem remainsa puzzle.這首詩的深層含義這首詩的深層含義仍然是仍然是個迷。個迷。puzzle/v. make sb feel confused 使迷惑，使迷惑，為難為難翻譯：讓我感到迷惑的是為什么他誰都沒翻譯：讓我感到迷惑的是為什么他誰都沒

12、告訴就離開了這個國家。告訴就離開了這個國家。 What puzzled me was why he left thecountry without telling anyone.puzzling: (事事)令人困惑的令人困惑的puzzled: (人人)感到困惑的感到困惑的填空：填空：Her _ look on her face suggested she didnt know how to deal with the _ situation.puzzledpuzzling短語：短語：puzzle over/about對對.苦苦思索苦苦思索puzzle out 設(shè)法想出；琢磨出設(shè)法想出；琢磨出.

13、答案答案ex. 1) He puzzled _ the questionfor quite a while. 2) He was trying to puzzle _ why hehad been brought to the house.over/aboutout11. block out1) stop light or noise from coming in擋?。ü?，聲音）擋?。ü猓曇簦?) forget sth. unpleasant 忘記不愉快的事忘記不愉快的事block off: separate one place fromanother using a barrier（用路障

14、）封鎖（用路障）封鎖block up:make movement of flow difficultor impossible塞住，封住（洞，孔）塞住，封住（洞，孔）填空：填空：1) Police _ the street after theexplosion.2) A great dust cloud formed in the sky_ the sunlight.3) My nose is _ because of a heavycold.4) Over the years she had tried to _that part of her life.blocked offblockin

15、g outblocked upblock out12. climate/n. regular pattern of weatherconditions of a particularregion氣候氣候eg. Britain has a temperate climate.英國氣候溫和。英國氣候溫和。translate:1) She moved to a warmer climate.有某種天氣情況的地區(qū)有某種天氣情況的地區(qū)2) the present political climate思潮，風(fēng)氣，傾向思潮，風(fēng)氣，傾向13. crash/v. fall or strike suddenly a

16、ndnoisily碰撞，墜落碰撞，墜落eg. He crashed his car into a wall.The dishes crashed to the floor.碗碟嘩啦一聲掉在地板上。碗碟嘩啦一聲掉在地板上。She crashed the door.她把門砰地一聲關(guān)上了。她把門砰地一聲關(guān)上了。crash/n. 碰撞碰撞eg. a(n) car/air crash汽車撞車事故汽車撞車事故/飛機墜毀飛機墜毀14. pull/v.&n.拉，拖；牽引力拉，拖；牽引力eg. In a tug-of-war, the competitors pullas hard as they ca

17、n. 在拔河比賽中在拔河比賽中.translate:The tide depends on the pull of the moon.潮汐是月亮引力作用的結(jié)果。潮汐是月亮引力作用的結(jié)果。翻譯：他扯我耳朵。翻譯：他扯我耳朵。He pulled my ears.He pulled me by the ears.短語短語: pull in(車輛車輛)進站進站pull up(使車輛使車輛)停下停下pull down拆毀拆毀填空：填空：1) The driver _ at the traffic lights.2) The train _ right on time.3) The cinema she

18、used to visit had been_.pulled uppulled inpulled down15. cheer (sb.) up become more cheerful(使使) 高興，振奮高興，振奮翻譯：翻譯：振作起來！振作起來！不要讓我失望！不要讓我失望！Cheer up! Dont let me down!填空：給瑪麗打個電話，她需要人安慰。填空：給瑪麗打個電話，她需要人安慰。Give Mary a call; she needs _.cheering upcheer sb. on為某人加油，鼓勵為某人加油，鼓勵填空：填空：1) The spectators _ the r

19、unners _.2) When I feel upset she often tells mefunny stories to _ me _.3) Please forget it; _!cheeredoncheerupcheer up16. float /v. move slowly on water or in theair漂浮漂浮eg. A plastic bag was floating in the water.There wasnt enough water to float theboat.17. now that because of the fact that 既然既然翻譯

20、：既然你已經(jīng)通過了測試，你可以自己翻譯：既然你已經(jīng)通過了測試，你可以自己開車了。開車了。 Now that you have passed the test, youcan drive on your own.18. get (have) the hang of learn how tooperate or do sth熟悉，掌握，理解熟悉，掌握，理解eg. Ive never used a computer before. Dont worry; youll soon get the hangof it.19. break out/vi. start suddenly爆發(fā)爆發(fā)主語：主語：wa

21、r, disease, fire, quarrel,fighting, crisis翻譯：戰(zhàn)爭爆發(fā)之前他們逃到了美國。翻譯：戰(zhàn)爭爆發(fā)之前他們逃到了美國。 They escaped to America before the warbroke out.與與break有關(guān)的短語：有關(guān)的短語：break away (from)掙脫，逃離掙脫，逃離break downbreak intobreak in出故障；身體垮掉；分解出故障；身體垮掉；分解強行進入強行進入插嘴插嘴break offbreak throughbreak upbreak up with中斷中斷取得突破取得突破破碎，結(jié)束，解散破碎，結(jié)

22、束，解散分手分手填空：填空：1) Our car _ on the freeway so wehad to turn to the cars passing by for help.2) We had our car _ last weekand lost our bag.3) Fighting _ between rival groupsof fans.broke downbroken intobroke out4) When do you _ for Christmas?5) She has just _ her boyfriend.6) He _ in the middle of a s

23、entence.break upbroken up withbroke off20. watch out warn sb. about sth. dangerous;look out小心，注意小心，注意翻譯：小心！汽車來了翻譯：小心！汽車來了!Watch out! The car is coming!watch out for sb/sth1) 密切注意密切注意eg. The cashiers were asked to watch outfor forged banknotes.出納員接到要求，要注意偽鈔。出納員接到要求，要注意偽鈔。2) 小心小心eg. Watch out for the

24、stairsthey are steep.watch for look or wait attentively for盼望或等待盼望或等待watch over guard or protect 照看，看守照看，看守填空：填空：1) Youd better wait and _a better chance to make your request.2) The murderer was _ by threepolicemen for fear that he would escape.3) Youll be cheated if you dont _.watch forwatched over

25、watch outThink about these questions and then discuss them with your partner.In our solar system eight planets circle around the sun. What are they? Can you match the names with the planets?solar system太陽系太陽系SunVenusMercuryMarsJupiterSaturnEarthPlutoNeptuneUranusMercury(水星水星)Venus(金星金星)Mars(火星火星)Jup

26、iter(木星木星)Uranus(天王星天王星)Neptune(海王星海王星)Earth(地球地球)Saturn(土星土星)Reading How life began on the earth1.parts:Part 1(1-3) the development of _Part 2 (4-5) the development of _.2. choose the best answer:1) From paragaph 1 we can know that starsare created from _.A. air B. atoms C. rocks D. ice2) What does

27、 the word “they” refer to in the10th line?A. planets B. stars C. gases D. fire and rockthe earthlifeBD3) Which is the right order of the developmentof life?A. small clever animalsshellfishdinosaursmammalsB. shellfishdinosaurssmall clever animals mammalsC. shellfishdinosaursmammals small clever anima

28、ls D. dinosaursshellfishmammals small clever animals C4) Why were mammals different from otherlife forms?A. Because they gave birth to young babyanimals and produced milk to feed themB. Because they produced young generallyby laying eggs.C. Because they were able to live on land aswell as in the wat

29、erD. Because they live on grass.A5) From the last paragraph we can inferthat the author is _.A. confident B. sadC. concerned D. angryC3. answer the questions:1) It is possible for life to develop becauseof the presence of water.Why? Because the continued presence of waterallowed the earth to dissolv

30、e harmful gasesand acids into the occeans and seas.2) Why did the plants grow before theanimals came? Because plants provided oxygen for animalsto breathe.4. fill in the blanks: The universe began with a “_”.At first, the earth was just a cloud of _.Later the dust settled into a solid _.Then it expl

31、oded with fire and rock,producingcarbon, nitrogen, vapour and other gases,which made the earths _. Whenit cooled down, _ appeared.Big Bangdustglobeatmospherewater Small plants began to appear on the surfaceof water, which encouraged the developmentof _. Next with green plants growing on land, _ bega

32、n to live on land. Later reptiles appeared. After that _ developed, and then mammals. Finally _ appeared and spread all over the earth. shellfish and fishinsects and amphibiansdinosaurssmall clever animalslanguage points:1. direction/n.1) 方向方向in.direction朝朝.方向方向eg. They hit a truck coming in the opp

33、ositedirection. 他們撞上一輛迎面開來的卡車。他們撞上一輛迎面開來的卡車。in all directions朝四面八方朝四面八方2) 指導(dǎo)指導(dǎo)under ones direction在在.的指導(dǎo)下的指導(dǎo)下3) directions: instructions用法說明用法說明2. what 引導(dǎo)主語從句引導(dǎo)主語從句1) 使大家吃驚的是他沒來開會。使大家吃驚的是他沒來開會。 What make everyone surprised was thathe didnt attend the meeting.2) 他所做的他所做的增加增加了我們的困難。了我們的困難。What he did

34、added to our difficulty.3) _ we cant get seems better than _we have.A. What; what B. What; thatC. That; that D. That; whatA4) _ made the school proud was _ morethan 90% of the students had been admittedto key universities.A. What; because B. What; thatC. That; what D. That; becauseB3. be to dosth. w

35、ill definitely happen orit must happen注定；必須注定；必須eg. They said goodbye, knowing that theywere never to meet again. He said to his daughter, “ You are to behome by 10 oclock.4. translateIt remains to be seen whether this ideacan be put into practice.這一想法能否付諸實踐還這一想法能否付諸實踐還有待于觀察有待于觀察。5. cool down1) beco

36、me cool冷卻冷卻2) become calm 冷靜冷靜eg. I think you should wait until she hascooled down.6. encourage give support, confidence orhope to sb/sth.鼓勵，鼓勵，促進促進eg. High prices for corn and wheat will encourage farming.7. late, later, latest, latelylate/adj.遲的，晚的遲的，晚的later/adj.更遲，更晚的更遲，更晚的adv.后來后來latest/adj.最新的最

37、新的his latest novellately/adv.最近最近recentlyeg. I havent heard from him lately.8. remain1) 系動詞系動詞 +名詞名詞/形容詞形容詞/分詞作表語分詞作表語保持，仍是保持，仍是eg. The labour shortage remains a problemin society.勞動力短缺仍是個社會問題。勞動力短缺仍是個社會問題。He remained silent.remain standing/ sitting/ seated2) vi剩下剩下翻譯：火災(zāi)過后，他的房子沒剩下什么。翻譯：火災(zāi)過后，他的房子沒剩下什

38、么。After the fire, nothing remained of his house.3) remain to be done 留待以后去看，做，留待以后去看，做，說等說等remain to be seen/ done/ said.翻譯：它對我們是有害還是有益還得等著瞧。翻譯：它對我們是有害還是有益還得等著瞧。 It remains to be seen whether it will do usgood or harm.4) remaining剩下的剩下的翻譯：剩下的翻譯：剩下的10臺電腦是我的。臺電腦是我的。The remaining ten computers belong t

39、o me.5) remains/ n剩余物；遺址剩余物；遺址eg. She drank the remains of the coffee. The remains of the ancient temple areworth seeing.9. spread (spread, spread)1) become distributed 散布散布2) become widely known傳播傳播, 蔓延蔓延eg. The disease is spreading fast.spread the news3) 展開，鋪開展開，鋪開eg. The bird spread its wings.spr

40、ead a cloth/ map/ carpet10. to do 作定語，表將來作定語，表將來填空：填空：What are you going to talk aboutat the meeting _ tomorrow? (hold)to be held11. depend on1) be decided by sth.取決于取決于eg. How much is produced depends on howhard we work.產(chǎn)量的大小取決于我們努力的程度。產(chǎn)量的大小取決于我們努力的程度。2) eg. You can never depend on his arriving on

41、time.(be sure that sth will happen 確信，指望確信，指望)3) eg. He is the sort of person you can depend on.(believe 信賴信賴)4) eg. I havent got a car, so I have to dependon the buses.(need 需要需要)That / It depends視情況而定視情況而定using language a visit to the moon1. When we are going up, we felt _.A. we were pressed again

42、st our seatsB. we were lighter than we are on the earthC. as if we were flyingD. the rocket was shaking stronglyA2. When I was on the moon I felt I was _than I am on the earth.A. slower B. heavierC. cleverer D. lighterD3. Why cant the spaceship fall back to theearth?A. Because the moons gravity pull

43、s it up.B. Because it is too far away from the earth.C. Because the earth has no gravity.D. Because the spaceship is not very heavy.B4. When I tried to step forward on the moon, my step was_.A. as far as it was on the earthB. shorter than it was on the earthC. further than it was on the earth C5. If

44、 a baby is growing on the moon, whenhe grows up, he will grow _ than he ison the earth.A. taller B. shorter C. fatter D. thinnerAlanguage points: eg. The manager has explained to thecustomers why the goods are late.explain oneselfeg. These days youve been late every day.Please explain yourself.1. ex

45、plain sth to sb/ explain to sb sth(從句從句)eg. force of gravity 地心吸力；重力地心吸力；重力2. force/n. 1) (科技用語科技用語) 力力2) strength, power, influence 力量力量eg. He overcame his bad habits by force ofwill.(意志力意志力)3) violent physical action 暴力，武力暴力，武力eg. The soldiers took the prisoners awayby force.force/ v.force sb to d

46、o sth/ into doing sth強迫某人做某事強迫某人做某事翻譯：總統(tǒng)被迫辭職。翻譯：總統(tǒng)被迫辭職。 The president was fored to resign/ intoresigning.force ones way through a crowd 擠過人群擠過人群3. as.as. 和和.一樣一樣1) as+adj./ adv. 原級原級+as翻譯：他和他的父親一樣高。翻譯：他和他的父親一樣高。He is as tall as his father.2) as+adj. + 冠詞冠詞+n. +as翻譯：她和她的朋友一樣都是出色的演員。翻譯：她和她的朋友一樣都是出色的演員

47、。She is as excellent an actress as her friend.否定句否定句as/so.as.1) My brother is _ my sister but he doesntstudy _ she.A. as more clever as; as better asB. as clever as; so well asC. so clever as; as well asD. as cleverer as; as well as2) Tom is _ any other boy but he studies_ than all the others.A. as

48、a good boy as; harderB. as good a boy as; more harderC. as a good boy as; much harderD. as good a boy as; much harderBD4. 倍數(shù)表達法倍數(shù)表達法1) A+ be +倍數(shù)倍數(shù)+ as.as +BA是是B的幾倍的幾倍(倍數(shù)：倍數(shù)：twice, three times. , half, one third, 50%.)翻譯：這間屋子是那間屋子的三倍大。翻譯：這間屋子是那間屋子的三倍大。This room is three times as big as that one.2) A+

49、be+倍數(shù)倍數(shù)+比較級比較級+than+B A比比B多幾倍多幾倍eg. This room is twice bigger than that one.3) A+be+倍數(shù)倍數(shù)+the+n.+of+B A是是B的幾倍的幾倍n: size, length, width, heighteg. This room is three times the size of thatone.選擇：選擇：1). Ten years ago the population of ourvillage was_ that of theirs.A. as twice large as B. twice as larg

50、e asC. twice as much as D. as twice much as2) This year they have procuced _ theydid last year.A. more than three times grainB. three times grain more thanC. three times more grain thanD. more grain than three times BC3) Your computer is _.A. four times bigger than meB. three times as bigger as mine

51、C. three times the size of meD. three times the size of mineD5) amazed 過去分詞作狀語，表示主語的過去分詞作狀語，表示主語的狀態(tài)。類似的過去分詞還有：狀態(tài)。類似的過去分詞還有：lost, seated,dressed, faced with, accustomed to doing.eg. _ in thought, he almost ran into a tree.Lost _ in white, she stood out in the bigcrowd.Dressed_ the problem, he was puz

52、zled.Faced withUnit 5 words and expressions1. rather thaninstead of不愿，而不是不愿，而不是(連接兩個并列成分連接兩個并列成分)eg. I will have a drink rather than coffee. He could beg in the street rather thanget money in such a dishonest way. He was writing a letter rather thanreading a newspaper. I would prefer to go there in

53、Septemberrather than in July. I prefer to stay at home rather than goout. He, rather than his classmates, likes playingfootball.2. baggageUluggage3. eastward/ adv.& adj.go eastward: go in an eastward direction4. surround/v.be all round 包圍，圍繞包圍，圍繞be surrounded by/ with.翻譯：該城被軍隊包圍。翻譯：該城被軍隊包圍。eg. T

54、he town was surrounded by/with troops.填空：填空：1) _ by mountains and thePacific Ocean, Vancouver is Canadas mostbeautiful city.Surrounded2) She was sitting on the floor _by a lot of food.surroundedsurrounding/adj. 周圍的周圍的eg. He was attracted by the surroundingscenery in the mountain.surroundings/n. envi

55、ronment 環(huán)境環(huán)境eg. She hopes that her child will be broughtup in healthy surroundings.5. measure/v. 1) 有有.面積面積/長長/寬寬/高高eg. The room measures 10 metres long and5 metres wide. 這間屋子長這間屋子長10米寬米寬5米。米。2) 測量測量eg. The device measures the level of radiationin the atmosphere.這種儀器用來測量大氣層中的輻射級。這種儀器用來測量大氣層中的輻射級。3)

56、判定，估量判定，估量(importance, value, effect)eg. It is difficult to measure the success ofthe experiment at this stage.在現(xiàn)階段還難以估量這次實驗的成敗。在現(xiàn)階段還難以估量這次實驗的成敗。measure/n.1) 計量單位計量單位weights and measures度量衡度量衡2) 措施，方法措施，方法翻譯：應(yīng)該采取措施防止火勢蔓延。翻譯：應(yīng)該采取措施防止火勢蔓延。eg. Measures should be taken to preventthe fire (from) spreading.采取措施做某事采取措施做某事take measures