第二輪語法復(fù)習(xí)課件8代詞

1、代詞代詞人稱代詞人稱代詞指示代詞指示代詞疑問代詞疑問代詞不定代詞不定代詞英語的2/3Between兩者之間Onethe other一個另一個Both兩者都(both sides)Either兩者中任何一個(either side)Neither (兩者中任何一個也不)Each other彼此Among三者之間Another另一個All所有Each每個-none任何一個都不Nor所有都不One another 彼此代代 詞詞 一、一、1. 定義：定義：代詞是代替代詞是代替名詞名詞以及以及起名詞作用起名詞作用的的短語短語、不定式不定式、V-ing形式形式、從句或句子的從句或句子的詞詞。 2. 分類

2、：分類：大多數(shù)代詞具有大多數(shù)代詞具有名詞名詞和和形容詞形容詞的功能。的功能。英語中的代詞，按其意義、特征及在句中的作英語中的代詞，按其意義、特征及在句中的作用分為：用分為：人稱代詞人稱代詞、物主代詞物主代詞、指示代詞指示代詞、反反身代詞身代詞、相互代詞相互代詞、疑問代詞疑問代詞、關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞和和不不定代詞八種定代詞八種。1 . Some of you will water the flowers,_ will clean the classroom. A. other B. the others C. another D. othersB考點(diǎn)分析:1. Others =other+ ns.

3、 其他的.例:would you like other books?2. The others=the other+ ns. 指兩大類中的其中一類.請聯(lián)系(onethe other理解)3. Another 三者中的任何一個(無復(fù)數(shù))2 . There are not _ buses in the street. A. any B. some C. much D. littleA考點(diǎn)分析:當(dāng)表示一些時(shí):Any 用在否定/疑問句當(dāng)表示一些時(shí):some用于陳述句. (但是表示征求意見除外)例: can I borrow some books from you?3. The question is

4、so difficult that _ students can answer it. A. a few B. a little C. few D. littleC考點(diǎn)分析:few./little; a few/a little的區(qū)別Sothat從句.如此以至于4 . Can you give me _ink? -certainly A. any B. some C. much D. manyB考點(diǎn)分析:訊問用some(詳見2題)5 . She has two brothers._ of them is a teacher. A. every B. both C. neither D. nor

5、C考點(diǎn)分析:?？碱},易錯題沒有every of的用法Both of them +are (both配復(fù)數(shù))Neither of them+ is兩者中一個也沒有 (neither配單數(shù))Either of them +is兩者中任何一個(either配單數(shù))沒有nor of提問:能用either; each; all; none嗎?6 . _ of them has a new watch. A. both B. each C. everyone D. allB考點(diǎn)分析:lEach of them 三者以上其中任一個7. Is there _ in todays newspaper? A. n

6、ew anything B. new nothing C. anything new D. something newC考點(diǎn)分析:常考題,易錯題Anything 用于否定/疑問句Something 用于肯定句對Anything/something不定代詞的修飾后置.8. Toms mother has one new coat and two old _. A. one B. ones C. ones D. themB考點(diǎn)分析:湯姆的媽媽有一個新外套和兩個舊外套l此題較少見.請大家注意lOne除了一個之外,還可以表示上面提到的.(請重點(diǎn)記憶)l8A. He lost his pen, I wi

7、ll buy _ for him. A. one B. it C. that D. ones9 . She danced better than _ other girl in her class. A. some B. many C. any D. oneC考點(diǎn)分析:?？碱},易錯題請大家背這兩個句型Someone doesbetter than any other studentSomeone does.better than other students.意思都是:某人做比班里其他同學(xué)好.10. She speaks English better than _ else in her cl

8、ass. A. anyone B. each one C. other D. any otherA考點(diǎn)分析:lElse 其他的l此詞常用在不定代詞(anyone, someone, nowhere等) 和疑問代詞(whoever; whatever)11 . -Have _ piece of bread, please? -Thank you. I am quite full. A. other B. another C. several D. someB考點(diǎn)分析:?？碱}, 見到詢問別人再來一塊/杯等,就記 would you like another cake/cup?12 . About

9、twenty of the students went abroad. -Oh, what about _? A. others B. the others C. the other D. anotherB考點(diǎn)分析:l 分兩批,一批去國外, 另外一批(符合兩類;復(fù)數(shù))13 . They didnt get as _ information as you did. A. many B. much C. more D. worseB考點(diǎn)分析:同級比較的擴(kuò)展Asas像一樣(中間配原型)Information信息(不可數(shù))不要和 asas sb can 混淆(盡某人全力)14 . There are

10、trees on _ sides of the river. A. both B. either C. each D. everyA考點(diǎn)分析:lBoth sideslBoth 擴(kuò)展: both sides (both+ ns) ;both of them (both of+代詞)lEither sidel提問each 為何錯?15 . As a teacher, I know _. A. all them B. them all C. all they D. them of allB考點(diǎn)分析:死背Them all (all放于代詞后)作為一個老師,我了解他們所有16 . There are n

11、ot _ vegetables in my bowl, but there is _ chicken in it. A. some; any B. any; some C. any; any D. some; someB考點(diǎn)分析:l Any 疑問; some 陳述17 . _ is very kind of you to help me. A. This B. That C. There D. ItD考點(diǎn)分析:?？碱},易錯題強(qiáng)調(diào)句 it is for sb toIt is to do 特例: It is kind/nice of you to help me.There be 句型+n18 .

12、 You two should help_. A. each other B. to one another C. that D. thisA考點(diǎn)分析:l Each other彼此19 . There is a glass of water. Please pass_ to me. A. it B. one C. that D. thisA考點(diǎn)分析:提問: 此題怎么改能用 one?20. This new book doesnt belong to _. A. my B. mine C. me D. my ownC考點(diǎn)分析:l Sth belong to sb 某物屬于某人l Sb要用賓格21

13、 . Do you think her T-shirt is more beautiful than_? A. me B. my C. mine D. I C考點(diǎn)分析:?？碱},易錯題你認(rèn)為她的T-shirt比我的更漂亮嗎?從翻譯中我們可以看出,比較的是襯衫,mine=my shirt所以選C22 . You always study harder than _. You can do with it better than _ do A. me, me B. I , me C. me, I D. I, mineC考點(diǎn)分析:l 第一句缺賓語l 第二句缺主語23 . _ will all go s

14、wimming this afternoon. A. We, you and they B. You, we and they C. We, they and you D. They, you and weA考點(diǎn)分析:復(fù)數(shù)人稱順序?yàn)?“一二三”單數(shù)人稱順序?yàn)?“二三一”24. Smith and Black had a picnic with a couple of friends of _ yesterday. A. their B. theirs C. his D. themB考點(diǎn)分析:l史和布和他們的朋友中的兩個昨天去野營.lA couple of friends of theirs=

15、a couple of their friends 死背l翻譯:我的學(xué)生中的一些會成功,他們中的一個會成為明星lA few of students of mine will be successful, and one of them will be a star25 . To _ surprise, what_ said is the same as_. A. my, he, our B. me, his, ours C. my, he, ours D. me, him, ourC考點(diǎn)分析:出乎我的意料,他所說的和我們所說的一樣To ones surprise. -見到詞組中的ones ,都

16、要用定語類人稱詞.What he said 是主語從句,此從句缺主語,所以填he26. A friend of _ came to our school and gave a talk. A. my B. his C. her D. yourB考點(diǎn)分析:l詳見24題.lImine; weours; youyours; hehis; shehers; itits; theytheirs 27. Everyone should care for_ own health. A. his B. her C. theirs D. itsA考點(diǎn)分析:每個人都應(yīng)在乎他自己的身體.Everyone單數(shù),-決定

17、其后a/b/dEveryone -搭配his ; 28. “Help _ to some chicken.” said the host to me. A. yourself B. you C. yours D. yourselvesA考點(diǎn)分析:l Help yourself請自便29 . The kid can dress_ when he gets up. A. him B. his C. He D. himselfD考點(diǎn)分析:Sb be dressed in+服裝= sb wear 服裝Sb dress oneself 某人自己穿衣服30. Someone is behind the t

18、ree, _? A. what is it B. who is it C. who are you D. which one is itB考點(diǎn)分析:l 當(dāng)不清楚性別時(shí), 某人用 “who is it?” 而不說who are you?l 打電話/應(yīng)門類中的 “你是誰”. who is that? 不要混淆.31 . I think _ easy to help you with your Chinese A. it B. one C. that D. thisA考點(diǎn)分析:?？碱},易錯題I think it easy to do單句,(有點(diǎn)類似強(qiáng)調(diào)句)I think that it is eas

19、y for me to do復(fù)句(劃線部分是強(qiáng)調(diào)句)I think it easy to help you.我認(rèn)為幫你很容易I think that it is easy for me to help you.32. The price of a bike is higher than _ of a watch. A. it B. price C. any D. thatD考點(diǎn)分析:l這個車的價(jià)格比那個手表(的價(jià)格)高.lThat of a watch代替了 the price of a watch,避免重復(fù)lIt of a watch是錯誤的, 沒有 it of的用法33 . This is

20、 Jane speaking. Whos _? A. you B. that C. he D. itB考點(diǎn)分析:電話用語, 你是誰-who is that?不確定性別的某人; 有個人,是誰?- who is it?詳見30題34. I have never met_ a person. A. such B. that C. this D. itA考點(diǎn)分析:l 我從未見過如此的一個人.l 提問:能用so嗎?人稱代詞歸類 I - me- my- mine-myself Weus-our- ours- ourselves Youyou-your- yours-yourself/ yourselves

21、 He - him-his- his- himself She her -her- hers - herself It - it- its- its- itself Theythem-their theirs themselves 不定代詞 Someone Some place/time/body/one/thing Any Every No Someplace new Someplace else newOnethe other一個另一個-another:前提:單數(shù)二/三I have two pens, one is mine, the other is hers1. I have 3 pe

22、ns, one is mine, one is hers, another is hersOthers=other+ns 前提:多方 有很多人打架,一些人在圍觀,其他人在幫忙 有兩幫人在打架,一幫在跑,一幫在砍 Many men are fighting. Some are watching. Other men are helping Some=some men Others=other menOnesthe others-others 【考點(diǎn)直擊】 1. 人稱代詞主格、賓格形式及其主要用法； 2. 名詞性物主代詞與形容詞性物主代詞的形式、區(qū)別及其主要用法； 3.反身代詞的形式、意義及其主要

23、用法； 4.常見不定代詞的一般用法； 5. 指示代詞的一般用法，并了解其在上下文中的指代用法； 6. 相互代詞的基本用法； 7. 疑問代詞的基本用法。 8. 關(guān)系代詞的基本用法。 【名師點(diǎn)睛】 代詞是代替名詞、形容詞和數(shù)詞的詞。按其意義、特征及其在句中的作用分為：人稱代詞、物主代詞、指示代詞、反身代詞、相互代詞、疑問代詞、不定代詞和關(guān)系代詞等。 二、二、 人稱代詞人稱代詞1. 概念與形式概念與形式 ：人稱代詞是表示人稱代詞是表示“我我(們們)”、“你你(們們)”、“他、她他、她(們們)”、“它它(們們)”的詞。人稱代詞不的詞。人稱代詞不僅可以指認(rèn)，也可指物，有人稱、數(shù)和格的變化。僅可以指認(rèn)，也

24、可指物，有人稱、數(shù)和格的變化。 單單 數(shù)數(shù)復(fù)復(fù) 數(shù)數(shù)主格主格賓格賓格主格主格賓格賓格第一人稱第一人稱Imeweus第二人稱第二人稱youyouyouyou第三人稱第三人稱hehimtheythemsheheritit數(shù)數(shù)格格人人 稱稱 2. 功能：功能：人稱代詞有人稱代詞有主格和賓格主格和賓格之分。之分。主格形式主格形式在在句中作句中作主語主語、表語表語等成分，等成分，賓格形式賓格形式在句中作在句中作動詞賓動詞賓語語、介詞賓語介詞賓語、同位語同位語等，有時(shí)也作等，有時(shí)也作表語表語。如：。如： I like table tennis. Do you know him? -Who is knock

25、ing at the door? -Its I/me. 注：注：人稱代詞在than之后與其他人或事物進(jìn)行比較時(shí)，用主格和賓格都可以。如： He is older than me. He is older than I am. Miss Lin taughter her an English song.I主格主格, 作主語作主語him賓格賓格, 作賓語作賓語I/me作表語作表語,在口語中作表語常用代詞賓格在口語中作表語常用代詞賓格her賓格賓格, 作作動詞的賓語動詞的賓語 Dont worry about me! I can look after it well. We, us three wi

26、ll be able to finish the work. 3. 用法：用法： it的用法：的用法：A: 人稱代詞人稱代詞it的用法的用法 it作人稱代詞代替人或事物。it一般指人以外的一切生物或事物, 有時(shí)也指嬰兒或不知性別的人。me,it是賓格是賓格, 作介詞的作介詞的about、after的賓語的賓語us是賓格是賓格, 作作we的同位語的同位語 I have a lovely cat. I like it very much. English is very useful. It is my favorite subject. The baby is crying. It might

27、be hungry. Someone is ringing. Who might it be?it指動物指動物it指事物指事物it指嬰兒指嬰兒it指不知性別的人指不知性別的人 B: 非人稱代詞非人稱代詞it的用法的用法 it用作無人稱的主語，不指物，而指時(shí)間、天氣、季節(jié)、距離、溫度或事物的狀態(tài)。It還可以指代上文提到的事情，還可指代短語或句子。 It is about five kilometers from here. Its 9:00pm. I must go. How windy it is today! Professor Lee gave us a lecture yesterday

28、. It was interesting.it指距離指距離it指時(shí)間指時(shí)間it指天氣指天氣 C: 指示代詞指示代詞it的用法的用法 用于“it is/was+表語”的結(jié)構(gòu) - Who is there downstairs? - Its the postman. - Who is there talking? - Its your father. 指代this或that Whats that on the desk? I guess it might be robot. This is your plan,isnt it? D: 形式代詞形式代詞it的用法的用法 形式代詞可代替句子中的不定式、

29、V-ing形式、從句等，作形式主語、形式賓語等,it無意義。 it作形式主語 代替不定式即用于“Its + adj + to do sth”句型中。 Its very nice of you to help me. 代替V-ing形式 Its great fun climbing mountains.常用常用it代替代替V-ing形式的結(jié)構(gòu)形式的結(jié)構(gòu) It is no use doing sth. 做沒用 It is not any use doing sth. 做沒用 It is no good doing sth. 做沒好處 It is not any good doing sth. 做沒

30、好處 It is no need doing sth. 做沒必要 It is fun doing sth. 做有趣 代替that從句 It is a fact that population is still increasing. It turns out that were going to have another busy day.常用常用it代替代替that從句的結(jié)構(gòu)從句的結(jié)構(gòu) It is a good thing that 是好事情 It is a good news that 是好消息 It is obvious that 很明顯 It is necessary that 有必要

31、 It is important that 很重要 It is strange that 很奇怪 It is surprising that 令人驚訝 It is likely/possible that 很可能 It is well-known that 眾所周知 It is said that 據(jù)說 It is reported that 據(jù)報(bào)道 It is recorded that 據(jù)記載 It is suggested that 有人提議 It is ordered that 根據(jù)命令 It turns out that 結(jié)果是 It should be noted that 應(yīng)注意

32、 It has been proved that 已證明 It has worked out that 結(jié)果是 It seems/appears that 好像 It happened that 碰巧 it作形式賓語 I find it hard to learn maths. I believe it no use reading without understanding.常用常用it作形式賓語的動詞作形式賓語的動詞 believe guess suppose think feel find discover notice make E: 常用固定句型常用固定句型 It is/has be

33、en+時(shí)間時(shí)間+since 此句型表示此句型表示“從從以來有以來有”, since后常后常用一般過去時(shí)。用一般過去時(shí)。 It is/has been years since we parted in the college. Its time to do sth/for sth 到了該做某事的時(shí)間了到了該做某事的時(shí)間了 Its time to go to school/for school. 多個人稱代詞并列時(shí)多個人稱代詞并列時(shí),順序?yàn)轫樞驗(yàn)? 單數(shù):二,三,一(you,he/she(him/her) and I(me) 復(fù)數(shù):一,二,三(we(us), you(you) and they(t

34、hem) 如果男女并列時(shí)，應(yīng)先男后女，如：He and she 如果在表示不好意思，承擔(dān)責(zé)任時(shí)，單數(shù)時(shí)用，I, he, she, you, 復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)用they, you, we. 注:若把錯誤責(zé)任擔(dān),第一人稱最當(dāng)先,(即若做錯事時(shí),把第一人稱放在最前面.) 例如： She and I have been to Beijing. Who broke the window? I and Mike. You,he,and I are of the same age. I, he and you have to pay for it. We,you and they should return on t

35、ime.物物 主主 代代 詞詞單單 數(shù)數(shù)復(fù)復(fù) 數(shù)數(shù)形容詞性形容詞性名詞性名詞性形容詞性形容詞性名詞性名詞性mymineouroursyouryoursyouryourshishistheirtheirsherhersitsits三、物主代詞三、物主代詞 1. 概念與形式概念與形式 ：表示所有關(guān)系的代詞叫物主代詞。物主代詞表示所有關(guān)系的代詞叫物主代詞。物主代詞分形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞，如下表所示。分形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞，如下表所示。物物 主主 代代 詞詞人稱人稱單單 數(shù)數(shù)復(fù)復(fù) 數(shù)數(shù)形容詞性形容詞性名詞性名詞性形容詞性形容詞性名詞性名詞性第一人稱第一人稱mymineourou

36、rs第二人稱第二人稱youryoursyouryours第三人稱第三人稱hishistheirtheirsherhersItsits 2. 作用和用法：作用和用法：形容詞性物主代詞的作用相當(dāng)于形容詞，可在句中作定語。例如： Our teacher is coming to see us. This is her pencil-box. 名詞性物主代詞的作用相當(dāng)于名詞，在句中可用作主語、賓語和表語。Our school is here, and theirs is there.（theirs相當(dāng)于their school,作主語） - Is this English-book yours? -

37、No. Mine is in my bag.（yours相當(dāng)于your English-book,作表語;mine相當(dāng)于my English-book,作主語 ） Ive already finished my homework. Have you finished yours? （yours相當(dāng)于your homework,作賓語） 名詞性物主代詞=形容詞性物主代詞+名詞，名詞是單數(shù)，名詞性物主代詞為單數(shù)，反之為復(fù)數(shù)。 特定人的不特定的所有關(guān)系 雙重所有格帶有s所有格的名詞，必須是一個明確限定的指人的名詞，同時(shí)of前面的名詞必須不確指。 a cousin of my fathers 我父親的

38、一個堂兄(弟) several friends of mine 我的幾個朋友 物主代詞不可與 a, an, this, that, these, those, some, any, several, no, each, every, such, another, which等詞一起前置，修飾一個名詞，而必須用雙重所有格。公式為：a, an, this, that +名詞+of +名詞性物主代詞。如： a friend of mine.each brother of his.a friend of hers/his/theirs/ours = one of his friends 她(他、他們、

39、我們)的一個朋友 the watch of hers= one of her watches四、指示代詞四、指示代詞 1. 概念與形式概念與形式 ：用來指代或標(biāo)記人或事物的代詞。表示“那個”、“這個”、“那些”、“這些”包括：this，that，these，those。 2. 作用和用法：作用和用法：A: this和these一般用來指在時(shí)間或空間上較近的事物或人; that和those 則指時(shí)間或空間上較遠(yuǎn)的事物或人。例如：This is a pen and that is a pencilWe are busy these daysIn those days the workers had

40、 a hard time B: 有時(shí)that和those代替前面出現(xiàn)的人或物,以避免重復(fù)。 that代替可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞。those 代替復(fù)數(shù)名詞。this 和these則是指下面將要講到的事物。例如：I had a cold. Thats why I didnt come. What I want to say is this:pronunciation is very important in learning English Television sets made in Beijing are just as good as those made in Shanghai C:

41、 this在電話用語中代表自己, that 則代表對方。例如： Hello! This is Mary. Is that Jack speaking?五、反身代詞五、反身代詞 1. 概念與形式概念與形式 ：表示“我(們)自己”，“你(們)自己”，“他(她、它)(們)自己”的代詞稱為反身代詞也叫自身代詞。第一人稱第二人稱第三稱單數(shù)myselfyourselfhimself,herslf,itself復(fù)數(shù)ourselvesyourselfthemselves人稱數(shù) 2. 作用和用法：作用和用法：反身代詞可以在句中作賓語，表語，同位語。 A: 作賓語，表示動作的承受者就是動作的發(fā)出者，主語和賓語指同

42、一個人或一些人。有些動詞需有反身代詞absent, bathe, amuse, blame, dry, cut, enjoy, hurt, introduce, behaveWe enjoyed ourselves very much last night. Please help yourself to some fish. He called himself a writer 注注: 有些動詞后不跟反身代詞有些動詞后不跟反身代詞, get up, sit-down, stand up, wake up等。Please sit down. 在不強(qiáng)調(diào)的情況下，but, except, for

43、等介詞后賓語用反身代詞或人稱代詞賓格均可。 如：No one but myself (me) is hurt.注意注意: a. 反身代詞本身不能單獨(dú)作主語。(錯) Myself drove the car.(對) I myself drove the car. 我自己開車。b. 但在and, or, nor連接的并列主語中，第二個主語可用反身代詞，特別是myself 作主語。Charles and myself saw it. B: 作表語。It doesnt matter. Ill be myself soonThe girl in the news is myself C: 作主語或賓語的

44、同位語，表示親自或本人。I myself washed the clothes（=I washed the clothes myself.）（作主語同位語）You should ask the teacher himself（作賓語同位語） D: 反身代詞常和for,of,in,by等介詞搭配，構(gòu)成固定短語。 for oneself 親自 of oneself 自動 in oneself 本身固有 by oneself 獨(dú)自 Think for yourself and youll get the answer. The computer can shut off of itself. You

45、 shouldnt leave the child by himself at home.六、六、 不定代詞不定代詞 1. 概念與形式：概念與形式：不是指明代替任何特定名詞的代詞叫做不定代詞，不定代詞除every 和no外不定代詞既可用作名詞，也可用作形容詞。every和no在句中只能作定語。且不定代詞沒有主格、賓格之分，在句中可作主語、表語、賓語、定語等。 I have no idea about it.二三問題 二 both, between, either, neither, onethe other; 三 All Among Each None Anotherother 一: othe

46、r+ns= others 從詞性上說, other （形容詞，代詞) Someothers 二：Onethe other-onesthe others 三: another 有復(fù)數(shù)嗎？ 三單 當(dāng)任何表示意愿類時(shí)，只用another Can/ may/ Would you like Would you mind Would you please do How about/ what about doing? Why not Let us 擴(kuò)展復(fù)數(shù) another two= two more不定代詞不定代詞后置修飾不定代詞的其他 someone else不定代詞表其他時(shí)的修飾例其他的某人陌生人So

47、meone else strange1. some與any的區(qū)別 1）some多用于肯定句，表示“一些，幾個”作形容詞時(shí)，后面可以接不可數(shù)名詞+單數(shù)動詞；可數(shù)名詞+復(fù)數(shù)動詞。 Look! Some of the students are cleaning the library. Some rice in the bag has been sold out. 2）any多用于疑問句、條件句和否定句中，表示“一些，任何”用作形容詞時(shí)，后面可以接不可數(shù)名詞+單數(shù)動詞；可數(shù)名詞+復(fù)數(shù)動詞。 If you have any questions, please ask me. There isnt an

48、y orange in the bottle. Have you got any tea? 3）any和some也可以作代詞用，表示“一些”。any多用于疑問句或否定句中，some多用于肯定句中。 How many people can you see in the picture? I cant see any. If you have no money, Ill lend you some. 注意：與some, any結(jié)合的詞如something, somebody, someone, anything, anyone, anybody在肯定句、否定句、疑問句、條件句中的用法，大致和som

49、e, any的用法相同。2. few, a few, little, a little在用法上的區(qū)別 1）用作形容詞：表示肯定 表示否定 用于可數(shù)名詞 a few雖少，但有幾個 few不多，幾乎沒有 用于不可數(shù)名詞 a little，雖少，但有一點(diǎn) little不多，沒有什么 含義 用法 Im going to buy a few apples. He can speak only a little Chinese. There is only a little milk in the glass. He has few friends. They had little money with

50、them. 2）a little和little也可以用作副詞，a little表示“有點(diǎn)，稍微”，little表示“很少”。 Im a little hungry. (修飾形容詞hungry) Let him sleep a little. (修飾動詞sleep) Mary, go a little faster, please. (修飾副詞比較級) She slept very little last night.3. other, the other, another, others, the others的區(qū)別。用 法代名詞 形容詞 單數(shù) 復(fù)數(shù) 單數(shù) 復(fù)數(shù) 不定 another另一個ot

51、hers別人，其他人another (boy)另一個（男孩） other (boys)其他男孩 特定 the other另一個 the others其余那些人、物 the other (boy)另一個男孩 the other (boys)其余那些男孩 1）other可以作形容詞用，后面可以跟單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)名詞，意思是“其他的、別的”。 Where are his other books? I havent any other books except this one. 2）other也可以用作代詞，與冠詞the連用構(gòu)成“the other”，表示兩個人或物中的“另一個”。常與one搭配構(gòu)成“on

52、e ., the other .”句型。 He has two brothers. One is 10 years old , the other is 5 years old. She held a ruler in one hand and an exercise-book in the other. 3）other作代詞用時(shí)，可以有復(fù)數(shù)“others”，泛指“另外的人或物”。常與some搭配構(gòu)成“some ., others .”句型。 Some went to the cinema, others went swimming. This coat is too large. Show

53、me some others, please. 4）“the others”表示特指某范圍內(nèi)的“其他的人或物”。 We got home by 4 oclock, but the others didnt get back until 8 oclock. In our class only Tom is English, the others are Chinese. 5）another可以作形容詞用，修飾后面的名詞，意為“另一個”，還可以跟代詞one. You can see another ship in the sea, cant you? Mary doesnt want to buy

54、 this skirt. Would you please show her another one? 6）another也可以作代詞用，表示“另一個”。 Im still hungry after Ive had this cake. Please give me another.4. every與each的區(qū)別。each every 1)可單獨(dú)使用 1)不可單獨(dú)使用 2)可做代名詞、形容詞 2)僅作形容詞3)著重“個別”3)著重“全體”，毫無例外4)用于兩者或兩者以上中的每一個人或物4)用于三者或三者以上每一個人或物 The teacher gave a toy to each child

55、. Each ball has a different colour. 當(dāng)我們說each child, each student或each teacher時(shí)，我們想到的是一個人的情況。而當(dāng)我們說every child和every student時(shí)，我們想到的是全體的情況，every的意思與all接近，表示他們都如此。 Every student loves the English teacher. = All students love the English teacher. Every child likes playing. = All children like playing.5.

56、all和both的用法 1）all指三者以上，或不可數(shù)的東西。謂語動詞既可以用單數(shù)，也可以用作復(fù)數(shù)。在句中作主語、表語、賓語、同位語和定語。all of/both of后為名詞時(shí), of可省略, 但為賓格代詞時(shí)不可省略。 All of us like Mr Pope. (作主語) = We all like Mr Pope. (作同位語) Thats all for today. (作表語) Why not eat all (of) the fish? (作賓語) All the leaders are here. (作定語) All(of) the people here love peac

57、e. all 的主謂一致：all的單復(fù)數(shù)由它所修飾或指代的名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)決定指事物的整體或抽象概念時(shí)當(dāng)做單數(shù)，指人時(shí)當(dāng)做復(fù)數(shù)。All goes well. 一切進(jìn)展得很好。all 通常不與可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)連用，如：不說 all the book，而說 the whole book。 但all可與表時(shí)間的可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)連用，如 all day，all night，all the year； 但習(xí)慣上不說 all hour，all century。all還可以與一些特殊的單數(shù)名詞連用，如 all China，all the city，all my life，all the way 2）both作代詞。 與

58、其他名詞或代詞并列出現(xiàn)，表示“兩個都”。 Lucy and Lily both agree with us. They both passed on their sticks at the same time. How are your parents? Theyre both fine. 與“of +代詞（或名詞）”連用，表示“兩者都”。 Both of them came to see Mary. Both of the books are very interesting. 單獨(dú)使用，表示“兩者（都）”。 Michael has two sons. Both are clever. I

59、dont know which book is the better, I shall read both. 3）both用作形容詞，放在名詞之前，修飾該名詞，表示“兩者都”。 Both his younger sisters are our classmates. There are tall trees on both sides of the street. 6. neither兩者都不兩者都不 a.neither作主語時(shí)，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。作主語時(shí)，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。 b. 作定語與單數(shù)名詞連用，但作定語與單數(shù)名詞連用，但neither nor 用用作并列連詞，可與復(fù)數(shù)名詞連用。其謂語采用

60、就近作并列連詞，可與復(fù)數(shù)名詞連用。其謂語采用就近原則。原則。 c.可用于下列句型，避免重復(fù)?？捎糜谙铝芯湫?，避免重復(fù)。She cant sing，neither (can) he. neither 與與nor d.如前句是否定式從句，則主句用如前句是否定式從句，則主句用neither，而不，而不用用 nor。If you dont do it，neither should I.如果你不如果你不干，我也不干。干，我也不干。 e. 如后連續(xù)有幾個否定句式，則用如后連續(xù)有幾個否定句式，則用nor，不用，不用neither。He cant sing，nor dance，nor skate. 7. no