步步高-2016中考英語(yǔ)總復(fù)習(xí)課件英語(yǔ)-動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)(共45張)

1、目錄頁(yè)CONTENTS PAGE第一部分考點(diǎn)梳理 第二部分詞語(yǔ)辨析 目錄目錄頁(yè)CONTENTS PAGE第一部分考點(diǎn)梳理考點(diǎn)一?？嫉母鞣N時(shí)態(tài)的用法及構(gòu)成時(shí)態(tài)用法構(gòu)成時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)例句一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。表動(dòng)作： .第三人稱單數(shù)主語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞第三人稱單數(shù)； .其他人稱動(dòng)詞原形sometimes, often, usually, always, never, in the morning/afternoon/evening, every day, on Sunday(s)等He leaves home for school at 7 every morning.他每天早上7點(diǎn)離開(kāi)家去學(xué)校。表示

2、經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的狀態(tài)(表示主語(yǔ)具備的性格、特征和能力等)；表示客觀真理。表狀態(tài)：主語(yǔ)am/is/are表語(yǔ)1.I am a little hungry and tired. 我又餓又累。2Shanghai is in the east of China. 上海在中國(guó)東部。考點(diǎn)一?？嫉母鞣N時(shí)態(tài)的用法及構(gòu)成時(shí)態(tài)用法構(gòu)成時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)例句一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去曾經(jīng)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。表動(dòng)作： 主語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式y(tǒng)esterday, last night (Monday, week, month, year), in 2010, three months ago, just now等When I was a child,

3、 I often played football in the street.當(dāng)我還是個(gè)孩子時(shí)，我經(jīng)常在街上踢足球。表示過(guò)去曾經(jīng)存在的狀態(tài)。表狀態(tài)：主語(yǔ)was/were表語(yǔ)What were you busy with yesterday? 你昨天忙什么了？考點(diǎn)一常考的各種時(shí)態(tài)的用法及構(gòu)成時(shí)態(tài)用法構(gòu)成時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)例句一般將來(lái)時(shí)表示將來(lái)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。I. shall/will動(dòng)詞原形；II. be going to動(dòng)詞原形tomorrow, next year, in two years, from now on, in the future等They are going to have a spor

4、ts meeting in a week.他們一周后要舉行一場(chǎng)運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)。表示將來(lái)發(fā)生存在的狀態(tài)。I. shall/willbe表語(yǔ)；II. be going tobe表語(yǔ)Will you be at home at 7 this evening？今晚7點(diǎn)你會(huì)在家嗎？考點(diǎn)一?？嫉母鞣N時(shí)態(tài)的用法及構(gòu)成時(shí)態(tài)用法構(gòu)成時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)例句現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示說(shuō)話時(shí)或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。is/am/are動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞(v.ing)now, at the moment, at present, these days等We are having an English class now.我們現(xiàn)在正在上英語(yǔ)課。過(guò)去進(jìn)

5、行時(shí)表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)刻或某一階段正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。was/were動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞(v.ing)at this time yesterday, at 9 last night及when引導(dǎo)的從句等They were watching TV at 7 last night.昨晚7點(diǎn)他們正在看電視。考點(diǎn)一?？嫉母鞣N時(shí)態(tài)的用法及構(gòu)成時(shí)態(tài)用法構(gòu)成時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)例句現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響和結(jié)果；表示過(guò)去已經(jīng)開(kāi)始，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并有可能繼續(xù)延續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。I.表動(dòng)作have/has動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞II.表狀態(tài) have/has been表語(yǔ)already, just, yet, e

6、ver, never, before, for時(shí)間段， since時(shí)間點(diǎn)/一般過(guò)去時(shí)的從句， ever since, so far, in the past/lastyears等1.I havent received his letter for almost a month.將近一個(gè)月了我都沒(méi)有收到過(guò)他的信。2He has been away from England since 2005.自從2005年以來(lái)，他已離開(kāi)了英國(guó)。考點(diǎn)一?？嫉母鞣N時(shí)態(tài)的用法及構(gòu)成 注意：come, go, leave, arrive等表示位置移動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞可用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示即將發(fā)生的或計(jì)劃好的事情。如： Im lea

7、ving tomorrow.我明天動(dòng)身。 ()1. Dont disturb Allen now. He _for the Spelling Bee Competition. Aprepares Bprepared C. is preparing Dwill prepare考點(diǎn)鏈接C 解析：C考查時(shí)態(tài)。由now, 可以判斷用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。 所以答案選C。 ()2. I didnt see you at the beginning of the party last night. I _ on my biology report at that time. Aworked Bwork Cwas w

8、orking Dam working考點(diǎn)鏈接C 解析：C考查時(shí)態(tài)。at the time在那個(gè)時(shí)候，由此可見(jiàn)是過(guò)去那個(gè)點(diǎn)正在做某事。 () 3 .Todays young people cant live without smart phones. They keep their hands on the phones wherever they go, even while they _meals. Ahad Bwill have Care having Dwere having考點(diǎn)鏈接C 解析：C此題考查 while引導(dǎo)的從句常用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。根據(jù)題意，當(dāng)他們正在吃飯的時(shí)候。 () 4 .

9、Your shoes are so old. Why dont you buy a new pair? Because I _ all my money on an MP5. Aspend Bhave spent Cam spending Dwas spending考點(diǎn)鏈接B 解析 ：B根據(jù)句子的意思，我把所有的錢(qián)都花在買MP5上了，強(qiáng)調(diào)影響，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。 ()5 . Alan, its late.Why not go to bed? Jenny hasnt come back yet.I _ for her. Awaited Bhave waited Cam waiting Dwas wa

10、iting考點(diǎn)鏈接C 解析：C由題意可知是“正在等她”，且由“its late”可知表示現(xiàn)在，故用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。 () 6 . Shush, be quiet! The baby _ in the next room. OK, sorry. Asleeps Bslept Cis sleeping Dsleep考點(diǎn)鏈接C 解析：C由題意可知是“寶寶正在睡覺(jué)”，故用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。 1一般情況直接加s。如： stopstopslooklooksreadreads 2以s, x, ch, sh, o結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞加es。如： missmissesfixfixeswatchwatches washwashesd

11、odoes 3輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，變y為i再加es。如： hurryhurriescrycriescarrycarries 4be 動(dòng)詞的三種形式：am, is, are 5特殊：havehas考點(diǎn)二動(dòng)詞的第三人稱單數(shù)1規(guī)則動(dòng)詞： (1)一般情況直接加ed。如： rainrainedcleancleanedwatchwatched (2)以不發(fā)音字母e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，只加d。如： livelivedlikelikedmovemoved (3)以一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)動(dòng)詞，雙寫(xiě)該輔音字母，再加ed。如： dropdroppedstopstoppedplanplanned (4)以輔音字母加

12、y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，應(yīng)變y為i再加ed。如： carrycarriedstudystudiedcrycried2不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞：不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞的變化規(guī)律性不強(qiáng)，只能分別記憶?？键c(diǎn)三動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞1一般情況在詞尾加ing。如： listenlisteningdodoingstudystudying2以不發(fā)音字母e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，去e加ing。如： havehavingmakemaking3以一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)動(dòng)詞，雙寫(xiě)該輔音字母，再加ing。如： runrunninggetgettingbeginbeginning4以字母ie結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，變ie為y再加ing。如： diedyin

13、glielying考點(diǎn)四動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞1短暫性動(dòng)詞和延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞 短暫性動(dòng)詞可用于完成時(shí)態(tài)，但不能與表示一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，也不能用于how long引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問(wèn)句中。如需使用，此時(shí)要將短暫性動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。如：考點(diǎn)五現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中的一些重要用法短暫性動(dòng)詞延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞例句leavebe awayHe has been away from his university for 24 years.buyhaveMy daughter has had that phone since two weeks ago.borrowkeepWe have kept the books for thre

14、e days.考點(diǎn)五現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中的一些重要用法短暫性動(dòng)詞延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞例句becomebeEvan and I have been friends since we were children.diebe deadMy pet cat has been dead for 3 days.begin/startbe onThe film has been on for 10 minutes.end/finishbe overThe meeting has been over for half an hour.考點(diǎn)五現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中的一些重要用法短暫性動(dòng)詞延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞例句openbe openThis sho

15、p has been open for several months.closebe closedThat factory has been closed since last week.joinbe a member/inHe has been in the club for a year.go/come/reach/get/arrivebe in here/thereThey have been here since a year ago.考點(diǎn)五現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中的一些重要用法短暫性動(dòng)詞延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞例句fall ill/asleepbe ill/asleepThe old man has been

16、 ill for a week.get marriedbe marriedMy parents have been married since 16 years ago.catch a coldhave a coldI have had a cold for a few days.() 1 . Lei Feng _ for many years, but his spirit is still encouraging us. Adied Bhas died C. was dead Dhas been dead 考點(diǎn)鏈接D 解析：D考查現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。由for many years 得知用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

17、。因?yàn)閐ie是瞬間動(dòng)詞，用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)候需要用be dead。() 2 . What do you think of the new foreign teacher Thomson? Pretty good. I think he _ a great job so far. Adoes Bdid Chas done Dwas done考點(diǎn)鏈接C 解析：C本題考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)，我認(rèn)為目前他已經(jīng)做得很好了。so far表示到目前為止，用完成時(shí)。 () 3 . Our English teacher is very nice. We _ friends since three years ago.

18、Awere Bbecame Chave been Dhave made考點(diǎn)鏈接C 解析：C由since three years ago可以判斷該句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。make friends交朋友，make是短暫性動(dòng)詞，不能和一段時(shí)間連用。故用be friends。 ()4 . Do you know her well? Sure.We _ friends since ten years ago. Awere Bhave made Chave been Dhave become考點(diǎn)鏈接C 解析：C根據(jù)后面的since ten years ago可知用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，且make和become均為短暫性動(dòng)詞

19、，不能與一段時(shí)間連用，故用have been。2. 幾組詞的區(qū)別Ihave/has gone to, have/has been to和have/has been in的區(qū)別考點(diǎn)五現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中的一些重要用法have been to強(qiáng)調(diào)“去過(guò)某地”，人已經(jīng)回來(lái)了。和ever，never，before等連用 Have you been to our town before？你以前曾經(jīng)去過(guò)我們鎮(zhèn)嗎？have gone to強(qiáng)調(diào)“在去某地的路上或在某地”，人還未回來(lái)。 Has he gone to Qingdao？他去青島了嗎？have been in強(qiáng)調(diào)“一直待在某地”，常與一段時(shí)間連用。常和“fo

20、r一段時(shí)間”或“since時(shí)間點(diǎn)”或how long連用He has been here since 1989.他自從1989年就在這兒了。II.already，yet考點(diǎn)五現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中的一些重要用法already已經(jīng)，用于肯定句，放句中。I have already read the book.yet用于否定句，是“還，仍然”；用于疑問(wèn)句，是“已經(jīng)”，放句尾。I havent read the book yet.Have you finished your homework yet？III. for，since考點(diǎn)五現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中的一些重要用法forfor一段時(shí)間I have worked h

21、ere for a year. sincesince過(guò)去某一時(shí)間點(diǎn)/一般過(guò)去時(shí)I have worked here since 2009.I have worked here since I came here last year.It is/has been一段時(shí)間since 句子(一般過(guò)去時(shí))Its a year since I worked here. ()Sam_ Chinese since he came to China. He speaks good Chinese now. Alearns Blearned Chas learned Dwill learn考點(diǎn)鏈接C 解析：C根

22、據(jù)后面的since可知用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。3現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別 (1)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去動(dòng)作產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)；一般過(guò)去時(shí)僅強(qiáng)調(diào)在過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻曾經(jīng)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，與現(xiàn)在無(wú)關(guān)。如： He has studied English for five years. 他學(xué)英語(yǔ)五年了。(說(shuō)明他現(xiàn)在還在學(xué)) He studied English for five years. 他曾學(xué)過(guò)五年英語(yǔ)。 (只說(shuō)明他過(guò)去學(xué)過(guò)五年英語(yǔ)，但現(xiàn)在學(xué)不學(xué)就不知道了)考點(diǎn)五現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中的一些重要用法 ()Our math teacher _ in our school for 20 years and he _

23、 here when he was 23 years old. Ahas taught; has come Btaught; comes Ctaught; came Dhas taught; came考點(diǎn)鏈接D 解析：D我們數(shù)學(xué)老師在我們學(xué)校教書(shū)20年了，當(dāng)他23歲的時(shí)候他就來(lái)到這里了。由for 20 years可知，動(dòng)作從20年前持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，故要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；由時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句“when he was 23 years old”可知，動(dòng)作發(fā)生在23歲時(shí)，故要用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。選D。英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有兩種語(yǔ)態(tài)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者。She cleans the room every day.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：主

24、語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者。The room is cleaned every day.考點(diǎn)六被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成四種必考的語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成例句一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)主am/is/are動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞Trees are planted every spring.一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)主was/were動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞She was invited to the party.一般將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)主will/be going to be動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞Some pictures will be shown next week.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)主can/may/must/should be動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞The book can be k

25、ept for a week.() 1 . Have you heard of the song Little Apple? Yes. It _ every morning when aged people do square dancing downstairs. Ais played Bplays C. was played D played考點(diǎn)鏈接A 解析：A考查被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 小蘋(píng)果被樓下的老人們作為廣場(chǎng)舞的歌曲。由every morning 可知用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，所以選A。 ()2 . Although Flight MH370 has been missing for month

26、s, I do believe it _ some day in the future. Awill find Bwont find Cwill be found Dwont be found考點(diǎn)鏈接C 解析：C考查被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，根據(jù)句意，盡管MH370航班已經(jīng)失蹤數(shù)月，但是我仍相信在不久的將來(lái)會(huì)被找到。 () 3 . The 16th Asian Games _ in Guangzhou in November, 2010. Aholds Bwill hold Cwas held Dwill be held考點(diǎn)鏈接C 解析：C由時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)“in November, 2010”可知要用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，且

27、Asian Games是hold這一動(dòng)作的承擔(dān)者，故用一般將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。選C。1雙賓語(yǔ)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 . 跟雙賓語(yǔ)的及物動(dòng)詞變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，將間接賓語(yǔ)(指物)或直接賓語(yǔ)變(指人)為主語(yǔ)。如： They gave the children many good books. The children were given many good books. Many good books were given to the children. 考點(diǎn)七被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)要注意的事項(xiàng)1雙賓語(yǔ)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 . 及物動(dòng)詞give，send, take, bring, teach, show, tell, pass等

28、，常常帶有兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)可以將其中一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)改為主語(yǔ)，另一個(gè)保留不動(dòng)。當(dāng)直接賓語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，在間接賓語(yǔ)前面加上介詞to。如： They gave the visitors a warm welcome. The visitors were given a warm welcome. A warm welcome was given to the visitors. 考點(diǎn)七被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)要注意的事項(xiàng)1雙賓語(yǔ)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 . 及物動(dòng)詞buy, make, find, get, draw等， 在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中被保留的間接賓語(yǔ)前通常加for，此時(shí)for不可以省略。如： Mother bought me a

29、 computer. A computer was bought for me. 2感官動(dòng)詞 see, watch, hear, notice, feel和使役動(dòng)詞 make, let, have的主動(dòng)句變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句，在主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中是不帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)，在變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)要加上to。如： We often hear him sing in the next room. He is often heard to sing in the next room. 考點(diǎn)七被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)要注意的事項(xiàng)3短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中不能漏掉其中的介詞或副詞。如： My son is looked after by his g

30、randma. 4不及物動(dòng)詞不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。常見(jiàn)詞有：happen, take place，break out, come out等。如： The story happened on a cold night. The food tasted delicious.考點(diǎn)七被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)要注意的事項(xiàng)5表示客觀的說(shuō)明常用“It is過(guò)去分詞that從句”句型。這類句型有： It is said that據(jù)說(shuō) It is known to all that眾所周知 It is reported that據(jù)報(bào)道 It is believed that大家相信6文章的標(biāo)題、廣告、新聞等用語(yǔ)也常使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如

31、： Teachers Wanted.招聘老師。(省略are) Road Blocked.道路堵塞。(省略is)考點(diǎn)七被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)要注意的事項(xiàng) 1be covered by/be covered with 覆蓋 Be careful. The desk is covered with water. 2be worn out 穿壞，用舊 His shoes are worn out. He needs a new pair. 3be sold out賣完 These houses were sold out last year.考點(diǎn)八常用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的詞組考點(diǎn)八常用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的詞組be used for doing sth.被用來(lái)做某事Pens are