考研英語常用要點語法總結(jié),推薦文檔

1、考研 1 號英語精品，祝您考研成功!考研 1 號系列圖書考研真相寫作160 篇閱讀基礎(chǔ) 90 篇一、定語從句的概念什么是定語從句？例：A rich person is not the one who has the most, but is the one who needs the least.用來修飾前面的名詞或者代詞的具有完整的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)的句子就叫著定語從句。有兩個必 備的基本元素。一個是先行詞；一個是關(guān)系詞。1. 名詞或代詞做先行詞。例：He laughs best who laughs last.2. 短語做先行詞。Many of lifes problems which were s

2、olved by ask ing family members, friends orcolleagues are beyond the capability of the extended family to resolve.3.用句子做先行詞。 The Greeks assumed that the structure of la nguage hadsome conn ecti on with the process of thought, which took root in Europe long before people realized howdiverse lan guage

3、s could be.I am a stude nt which you all know.當(dāng)先行詞與關(guān)系詞被割裂時是如何表現(xiàn)的。如：Today, stepladders carry labels severalin ches long that war n, among other thin gs, that you might - surprise! - fall off.找先行詞的方法。反證法。把它帶進去。哪一個是通順的，哪一個就是先行詞。1. 翻譯定語從句。2. 結(jié)合先行詞的結(jié)構(gòu)特點和位置特征在關(guān)系詞之前尋找與定語從句的意思的有邏輯關(guān)系相符合的詞。二、定語從句里面的關(guān)系代詞的用法。1.

4、 常用的關(guān)系代詞：which, that, who, whom。Whom 現(xiàn)在用的很少。前面有介詞只能用 which，不能用 that。2. 關(guān)系代詞在考試中的特殊情況。What :1)它是子母同體。相當(dāng)于一個關(guān)系代詞以及一個先行詞。What 前面不應(yīng)該在岀現(xiàn)先行詞。如果前面已經(jīng)偶一個關(guān)系詞，就不能用what 來引導(dǎo)。例如：You can have everythi ngwhat you like. what=all that,所以這兒不能用 what.All-is a con ti nuous suppl ying of the basic n ecessities of lifeA.wha

5、t is the n eedB.the things n eedC.for our n eedsD.that is n eed2) what 單獨使用，后面不加名詞。例如：She is not what she used to be.3) what 后面加名詞例如： What money I have has been given to you.考研 1 號英語精品，祝您考研成功!考研 1 號系列圖書考研真相寫作160 篇閱讀基礎(chǔ) 90 篇1997 年考題： _he knows about it is out of date and in accurateA.What littleB.So m

6、uchC.How muchD.So little4.弓-制性定語從句一般式固定用法。如as as, such asas 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句例如：I was a boy which you know. which 可以用 as 替換。As is so often pointed out knowledge is a two edge weapon which can be usedequally for good or evil.as 引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句考試中往往考固定搭配。例如：Such a student as works hard were be sure to succeed.than

7、 作為關(guān)系代詞可以引導(dǎo)定語從句More families con sist of one pare nt households or two working pare nts; con seque ntly, childre n arelikely to have less supervisi on at home _ was com mon in theAadOion al B.that C.which D.as 特點 ilystructure .1） than 作為關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)詞在從句中一般必須做主語或者作賓語。2） than 前面的主句必須要有比較級3）比較級所修飾的名詞就是 than

8、指代的對象三、關(guān)系副詞Whe n 引導(dǎo)的定語從句。1）先行詞必須是表示時間的名詞。Or so the thinking has gone since the early 1980s, when juries began holding more compa nies liablefor their customers misfortu nes.2）如何區(qū)分 when 引導(dǎo)的定語從句和狀語從句。用句子表示狀語就是狀語從句。例如：When I go to school, I will work hard.從兩方面區(qū)分：When 引導(dǎo)的定語從句前一定有表示時間的名詞；When 引導(dǎo)的狀語語從句前沒有

9、有表示時間的名詞。從翻譯的角度看如果是引導(dǎo)的定語從句可以不翻譯。如果是狀語從句就必須翻譯成當(dāng) 時候。When=on whichWhere考研 1 號英語精品，祝您考研成功!考研 1 號系列圖書考研真相寫作160 篇閱讀基礎(chǔ) 90 篇where=in whichwhere 引導(dǎo)的從句先行詞必須是表示地點的名詞。例如：I was born in Beijing where the Olympic games will be held.先行詞表示地點，不一定用 where 來引導(dǎo)。例如：I have n ever bee n to Beiji ng ,but its the place _.A. w

10、here Idlike to visitB. in which Id like to visit考研 1 號英語精品，祝您考研成功!考研 1 號系列圖書考研真相寫作160 篇閱讀基礎(chǔ) 90 篇C.l most want to visitvisit it mos講五個問題：一、名詞從句的本質(zhì)。1. 概念：就是把一個完整的句子當(dāng)一個名詞來使用。那么從句就具備了名詞所具備的所有性質(zhì)。主語、 賓語、 表語、同位語2. 引導(dǎo)名詞從句或 what,who,whose 等連接代詞。That 引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句不能做任何句子成分。what 一定在從句中充當(dāng)主語或者賓語。Which 和 whose 后面必須接名詞

11、。例如：Con cer ns were raised _witn ess might be en couraged to exaggerate their stories in court to en sureguilty verdicts.A.whatB.whe nC.whichD.that3)多重的名詞從句現(xiàn)象。例如：I realized that what I said was not exactly what meant to say.考題：Prof. Lees book will show you_ can be used in other con texts.A that you

12、have observedB that how you have observedC how that you have observedD how what you have observed二、名詞從句中的主語從句主語從句有如下幾種表示方式：1.用 which, that 放在句首引導(dǎo)主語從句。例如：That the seas are being overfished has bee n known for years.3.用 it is +ved+that 例如：It is believed that you are good boy.3.用 whether 引導(dǎo)主語從句。例如：Whet

13、her the eyes are the win dows of the soul is debatable.三、賓語從句需要掌握的幾點：及物動詞后面的賓語從句。20XX 年例句：Do you remember all those years whe n scie ntists argued that smok ing would kill us?四、表語從句1) that; 2)whether,if; 3)when,where ,how 等連接副詞常用的連詞。有三類:考研 1 號英語精品，祝您考研成功!考研 1 號系列圖書考研真相寫作160 篇閱讀基礎(chǔ) 90 篇就是一句話做另一個句子的表語。

14、就是把從句放在系動詞的后面。1997 年例句：A report consistently brought back by visits to the US is how friendly, cautious and hopeful most America nswere to them.五、同位語從句考研 1 號英語精品，祝您考研成功！就是用來補充說明同位語的名詞成分的句子。結(jié)構(gòu)是：名詞+that+從句。同位語從句與賓語從句和定語從句的區(qū)別：引導(dǎo)賓語從句和定語從句的的that, which 可以省略，而引導(dǎo)同位語從句的 that 不能省略。定語從句中的 that 必須在從句中扮演主語或者賓語。

15、同位語從句的that 不扮演任何成分。例如：考研 1 號系列圖書考研真相寫作160 篇閱讀基礎(chǔ) 90 篇There is a popular say ing that family in stability causes social instability.-that 不做句子成分。-狀語從句1.狀語從句的本質(zhì)。就是用一個句子來作另外一個句子的狀語。狀語從句的分類：時間狀語、地點狀語、原因狀語、結(jié)果狀語、目的狀語、條件狀語、讓步 狀語、比較狀語、方式狀語。20XX 年例句Stra ngely, some people find that they can smell one type of

16、flower but not ano ther,_ others aresen sitive to the smells of both flowers.A. whe n,B. since C.forD. whereas難點：1. When常考的句型： Hardly whe n; whe n it comes that; whe n it comes to ;1991 年例句：_ to speak whe n the audie nee in terrupted him.A. Hardly had he begu nB. No sooner hardly had he begu nC. Not

17、 un til he beg in D. Scarcely had he begi n1998 年例句：Doing your homework is a sure way to improve your test scores, and this is especially true_ it comes to classroom tests.A. beforeB. as C since D. whe n2. 地點狀語從句Where 引導(dǎo)地點狀語一般總是放在主句的后面。例如：A driver should slower down where there are schools.3. 原因狀語從句

18、Sin ce 從 起；因為比較特殊的連詞：in that 因為的意思。例句： The girl is like her mother in that she also has very delicate feeli ng.Now that 因為；given that4. 目的狀語從句lest 唯恐，害怕；for fear 當(dāng)心，害怕引導(dǎo)的是虛擬語氣。謂語是should +動詞原形。should常省略。5. 結(jié)果狀語從句 有兩種引導(dǎo)法 so that; so that; such that; such that20XX 年例句： Con versati on becomes weaker in

19、a society that spe nds so much time liste ning andbeing talked to_it has all but lost the will and the skill to speak for itself.A. asB. whichC. thatD. what考研 1 號英語精品，祝您考研成功！就是用來補充說明同位語的名詞成分的句子。結(jié)構(gòu)是：名詞+that+從句。同位語從句與賓語從句和定語從句的區(qū)別：引導(dǎo)賓語從句和定語從句的的that, which 可以省略，而引導(dǎo)同位語從句的 that 不能省略。定語從句中的 that 必須在從句中扮演主語

20、或者賓語。同位語從句的that 不扮演任何成分。例如：考研 1 號系列圖書考研真相寫作160 篇閱讀基礎(chǔ) 90 篇把 so that; so that; such that; such that 中的 so 或 such 放在句首形成倒裝句。例如：So fast does light travel that it is difficult for us to imagi ne its speed.考研 1 號英語精品，祝您考研成功!考研 1 號系列圖書考研真相寫作160 篇閱讀基礎(chǔ) 90 篇to the extent(that)表示結(jié)果to some exten 表6.條件狀語從句難點：onl

21、yif ;-Jfonly if 是只有的意思；if only 是只要意思。2000 年例句:He can con ti nue to support himself and his family_ he produces a surplus.A. on ly if B. much as Cong beforeD. ever since要記?。簊uppos ing (that)provided (that);on con diti on that例如： He will surely finished job on time_ he has left to do it in his own way

22、.A. in thatB. in case C. as far as D. so long as7.讓步狀語從句 although; though; eve n if; eve n though1997 年例句:_its economy contin ues to recover, the US is in creas in gly beco ming a n ati on ofpart timers and temporary workers.A. Even thoughB. Now thatC.If onlyD. Provided that20XX年例句：All thesecon diti

23、 ons tendto in crease the probabilityof achildcommitti nga crim inalact,adirect causalrelati on shiphasnot yetbee nestablished.A. providedBsinceC. althoughD. suppos ing表示讓步轉(zhuǎn)折的介詞： in spite of;despite 例如：_what he achieved in medicine he remainedmodest.A. DespiteB. AlthoughC. IfD. WhereasHowever; n eve

24、rtheless; non etheless1998 年例句： This view; _,is gen erally thought to be wrong.A. howeverB. mea nwhileC. thereforeD. more overWhile 當(dāng) 時候；然而，但是重點：與 as 有關(guān)的讓步狀語從句由 as 引導(dǎo)的倒裝句adj.,adv.,分詞，名詞，短語 +as+主語+謂語。例如： Child as he is, he can remember a lot of things.as 或 so+adj+as+主謂結(jié)構(gòu)例如： As much as John hates to do it, he must stay at home and study tonight.8.比較狀語從句重點講倍數(shù)為題1. 倍數(shù) + 比較級 A is three times bigger than B.2. 倍數(shù) +as as 結(jié)構(gòu)。A is three times as big as B.3. 倍數(shù) + 名詞結(jié)構(gòu) A is Three times the size of B.No more than 特點：1. No more tha n=not any more tha n2. 從功能上看往往表示兩個事物之間