職稱英語理工類A級-60_真題-無答案

1、職稱英語理工類 A 級-60(總分 100,考試時間 90 分鐘)第 1 部分：詞匯選項下面每個句子中均有1 個詞或短語畫有底橫線， 請為每處畫線部分確定1 個意義最為接近的選項。1. The conference was hailed as a great success.A. publishedB. challengedC. acclaimedD. guided2. Peking is a densely populated area.A. compactlyB. inexpensivelyC. quicklyD. carefully3. These old buildings are g

2、orgeous.A. ridiculousB. lovelyC. magnificentD. peculiar4. The benefits are immense.A. muchB. extensiveC. littleD. enormous5. The police crept up from behind and took the gangsters by surprise.A. violent criminalsB. politiciansC. musiciansD. industrialists6. We had only a vague description of the att

3、acker.A. conciseB. impreciseC. unpolishedD. elementary7. Tonight"s live coverage of the hockey ( 曲棍球 ) game is very wonderful.A. barrageB. orphanageC. reportageD. usage8. His breathing was steady.A. regularB. usualC. commonD. ordinary9. The government proposed changes to the voting system.A. st

4、atedB. declaredC. suggestedD. announced10. The deadly disease has affected these animals.A. contagiousB. seriousC. fatalD. worrying11. No civilized country should deem theft lawful.A. legalB. irresistibleC. enjoyableD. profitable12. I doubt they"ll be able to help but it"s worth trying.A.

5、growingB. wrappingC. hidingD. attempting13. Growing levels of pollution represent a serious health hazard to the local population.A. protectionB. indicationC. immunityD. danger14. She omitted to mention that they were staying the night.A. failedB. forgottenC. deletedD. left out15. I will draft a let

6、ter for you.A. clarifyB. formulateC. reviseD. contribute第 2 部分：閱讀判斷下面的短文后列出了7 個句子， 請根據(jù)短文的內容對每個句子做出判斷：如果該句提供的是正確信息，請選擇 A ；如果該句提供的是錯誤信息，請選擇B；如果該句的信息文中沒有提及，請選擇 C。Lifetime Employment in Japanese CompaniesIn most large *panies, there is a policy of lifetime employment. What this means is that whenpeople

7、leave school or universityto joinan enterprise, they can expect to remain withthat organization until they retire. In effect, the employee gets job security for life, and can only befired for serious mistakes in work. Even in times of business recession, he or she is free from the fear of being laid

8、 off.One result of this practice is that the Japanese worker identifies closely with *panyand feelsstrong loyalty to it. By working hard for *pany, he believes he is safeguarding his own future. It is not surprising that devotion to one"s company is considered a great virtue in Japan. A man is

9、often prepared to put his firm"s interests before those of his immediate family.The job security guaranteed by this system influences the way employees approach their work. They tend to think in terms of what they can achieve throughout their career. This is because they are not judged on how t

10、hey are performing during a short period of time. They can afford to take a longer perspective than their western counterparts.Thismarriagebetweentheemployeeand*pany theconsequenceoflifetimeemployment may explain why Japanese workers seem positively to love the products *pany is producing and why th

11、ey are willing to stay on after work, for little overtime pay, to participate in earnest discussions about the quality control of their products.1. Lifetimeemploymentin the *panyperhaps means that the employee can make serious mistakes in work.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned2. Family"s *pany&q

12、uot;s interests are equally important in *pany.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned3. In Japan one"s future is guaranteed through hard work.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned4. Lifetime employment influences one"s career options.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned5. The Japanese worker is fond of *

13、pany"s product because of the close link between him and*pany.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned6. All the *pany"s products have high quality and lower price.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned7. The passage mainly discusses how lifetime employment is viewed.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned第 3

14、部分：概括大意與完成句子下面的短文后有2 項測試任務： (1) 第 23 26 題要求從所給的 6 個選項中第 2 5 段每段選擇 1 個最佳標題； (2)第 27 30 題要求從所給的 6 個選項中為每個句子確定1 個最佳選項。American Families1 Despite social and economic differencesamong Americans,many Americanfamilieshave certain characteristics in common. Both the husband and wife were born in the United

15、States, and their forefathers came from Europe. They *pletedhigh school, and they belong to the middle class. They have a car, a television set, a washing machine, a refrigerator, a telephone, etc. They own their ownhome and spend about 55% of their income tor housing and food Clothing accounts for

16、almost 10% of their income, medical care 6%, transportation 8% and taxes 15%. The rest of their income is used for such items as insurance, savings, gifts, and recreation.2 Most families consist of a mother, a father, and, at most, two children living at home. There may be relatives grandparents, au

17、nts, uncles, cousins living in the *munity, but American families usually maintain separate households. This family structure is known as the "nuclear family". It isunusual for members of the family other than the husband, wife, and children to live together. 3 Marriage in the United State

18、s is considered a matter of individual responsibility and decision.Young people frequently fall in love and marry even if their parents disagree. American marriages are usually based on romantic love, rather than on social class, education, or religion.4 After their marriage the young couple is free

19、 to decide where to live and when to start a family. Most young couples set up their own household immediately. In the early 1970s only 15% of all married couples were not living on their own independently and by themselves. Most marriedpeople practise some kind of birth control. They plan the numbe

20、r ofchildrenthey are going tohave and when their children will be born. The practice of limiting the size of families has general approval. The birth rate has been declining steadily in recent years.1. Paragraph 1 A. Post-marriage LifeB. The Birth Rate in the Early 1970sC. Usual Family Structure of

21、American FamiliesD. Features in Common in Many American FamiliesE. Marriage Concept in the USAF. In Marriages Usually Romantic Love Is as Important as Social Class, Education, or Religion2. Paragraph 2 3. Paragraph 3 4. Paragraph 4 5. There are among many American families.A. live with their parents

22、B. their own decisionsC. most American families are usually smallD. the family structureE. some similar featuresF. has been dropping6. Young Americans make on marriage.7. Most married couple don"t.8. The birth rate over the last few years.第 4 部分：閱讀理解下面有 3 篇短文，每篇短文后有5 道題。請根據(jù)短文內容，為每題確定1 個最佳選項。第一篇

23、Rockets in the SkyIf someone asked you, "What color is the sky?" I expect that you wouldanswer, "Blue." I am afraid that you would be wrong. The sky has no color. When we see blue, we are looking at blue sunlight. The sunlight is shining on little bits of dust in the air.We know

24、that there is air all around the world. We could not breathe without air. Airplanes could not fly without air. They need air to lift their wings. Airplanes cannot fly very high because as they go higher the air gets thinner. If we go far enough away from the earth, we find there is no air.What is th

25、e sky? The sky is space. In this space there is nothing except the sun, the moon and allthe stars.Scientists have always wanted to know more about the other worldsin the space. They have looked at them through telescopes and in this way they have found out a great deal. The moon is about 384,000 kil

26、ometers away from the earth. An airplane cann"t fly to the moon but there is athing that can fly even when there is no air. This is rocket.I am sure that you are asking, "How does a rocket fly?" If you want to know, get a balloon and then blow it up until it is quite big. Do not tie u

27、p the neck of the balloon. Let go! The balloon will fly off through the air very quickly. The air inside the balloon tries to get out. It rushes out through the neck of the balloon and this pushes the balloon through the air. It does not need wings like an airplane.This is how a rocket works. It is

28、not made of rubber (橡膠) like a balloon, of course. It is made ofmetal. The metal must not be heavy but it must be very strong. There is gas inside the rocket which is made very hot. When it rushes out of the end of the rocket, the rocket is pushed up intothe air.Rockets can fly far out into space. R

29、ockets with men inside them have already reached the moon. Several rockets, without men inside them, have been sent to other worlds much farther away. One day rockets may be able to go anywhere in the space.1. What color is the sky?A. It is blue.B. It is white.C. It is grey.D. It has no color.2. Whe

30、n an airplane flies too high,.A. the air will be too thin to support its wingsB. the air will become thickerC. the air will exert pressure on itD. the air will disappear in no time3. A rocket can fly to the moon because.A. it looks like a balloonB. it is much lighter than an airplaneC. it doesn"

31、;t have wingsD. it works like an untied balloon4. Which of the following statements about a rocket is NOT true?A. It can fly when there is no air.B. It can fly without wings.C. It is made of strong metal.D. It is propelled by burning gas inside it.5. A rocket is pushed up into the air when.A. hot ga

32、s rushes out of its headB. it is powered by gasC. hot gas rushes out of its bottomD. hot gas rushes out of its neck第二篇Can Buildings Be Designed to Resist Terrorist Attack?In the aftermath of the terrorist attack on the World Trade Center, structural engineers are tryinghard to solve a question that

33、a month ago would have *pletelyunthinkable:Can buildingsbe designed to withstand catastrophic blasts ( 爆炸 ) inflicted by terrorists?Ten days after the terrorist attacks on the twin towers, structural engineers from the University atBuffalo and the Multidisciplinary Center for Earthquake Engineering

34、Research (MCEER) headquartered ( 總 部 在 某 地 ) at UB traveled to ground zero as part of a project funded by the National Science Foundation. Visiting the site as part of an MCEER reconnaissance ( 事先考查 ) visit, they spent two days beginning the task of formulating ideas about how to design such structu

35、res and to search for clues on how to do so in buildings that were damaged but still are standing."Our objective in visiting ground zero was to go and look at the buildings surrounding the World Trade Center, those buildings that are still standing, but that sustained damage," said M. Brun

36、eau, Ph.D. "Ourimmediatehope is that we can develop a better understanding as to why those buildingsremain standing, while our long-termgoal is to see whether earthquake engineering technologiescan be marriedtoexistingtechnologiestoachieve enhanced performanceof buildings in the event of terror

37、ist attacks," he added.Photographs taken by the investigators demonstrate in startling (驚人的 ) detail the monumentaldamage inflicted on the World Trade Center towers and buildings in the vicinity. One building ablock away from the towers remains standing, but was badly damaged. "This buildi

38、ng is many meters away from the World Trade Center and yet we see a column there that used to be part of that building," explained A. Whittaker, Ph. D. "The column became a missile that shot across the road, through the window and through the floor."The visit to the area also revealed

39、 some surprises, according to the engineers. Forexample, the floor framing system in one of the adjacent buildings was quite rugged, allowing floors that were pierced by tons of falling debris to remain intact. "Highly redundant ductile (有延展性的 ) framing systems may provide a simple, but robust

40、strategy for blast resistance," he added. Other strategies may include providing alternate paths for gravity loads in the event that a load-bearing columnfails. "We also need a better understanding of the mechanism of collapse," said A. Whittaker. "We need to find out what causes

41、 a building to collapse and how you can predict it."A. Reinhorn, Ph. D. noted that "Earthquake shaking has led to the collapse of many buildings in the past. It induces dynamic response and extremely high stresses and deformations in *ponents.Solutions developed for earthquake-resistant de

42、sign may be directly applicable to blast engineering and terrorist-resistant design. Part of our mission now at UB is to transfer these solutions and to develop new ones where none exist at present."1. The question raised in the first paragraph is one.A. that was asked by structural engineers a

43、 month agoB. that is too difficult for structural engineers to answer even nowC. that was never imagined before the terrorist attackD. that terrorists are eager to find a solution to2. The project funded by the National Science Foundation.A. was first proposed by some engineers at UBB. took about tw

44、o days to completeC. was to investigate the damage caused by the terrorist attackD. was to find out why some buildings could survive the blasts3. The column mentioned by Dr. Whittaker.A. was part of the building close to the World Trade CenterB. was part of the World Trade CenterC. was shot through

45、the window and the floor of the World Trade CenterD. damaged many buildings in the vicinity of the World Trade Center4. A surprising discoverymade by the investigators duringtheir visitto ground zero is that .A. floors in the adjacent building remain undamagedB. some floor framing systems demonstrat

46、e resistance to explosionC. simple floor framing systems are more blast resistantD. floors in one of the adjacent buildings were pierced by tons of debris5. What Dr. Reinhorn said in the last paragraph may imply all the following EXCEPT that.A. blast engineers should develop new solutions for terror

47、ist-resistant designB. blast engineering can borrow technologies developed for earthquake-resistant designC. solutions developed for earthquake-resistant design may apply to terrorist-resistant designD. blast engineering emerges as a new branch of science第三篇The Exploding Lakes of Cameroon*es to mind

48、 when you think of a lake? You probably imagine a pretty scene with blue water, birds, and fish. For the people in the northwestern Cameroon, however, the image is very different.For them, lakes may mean terribledisasters. In 1984, poisonous gases exploded out of LakeMonounand came down into the nea

49、rby villages, killingthirty-seven people. Two years later, Lake Nyos erupted. A cloud of gases rolled down the hills and into the valleys and killed 1,700 people.Lake Nyos and Lake Monoun are crater (火山口 ) lakes. They were formed when water collectedin the craters of old volcanoes. The volcanoes und

50、er Lake Nyos and Lake Monoun are not active anymore. However, poisonous gases from the center of the earth continue to flow up through cracks in the bottom of the lake. This is normal in a crater lake. In most crater lakes, these gasesare released often because the water "turns over" regul

51、arly. That is, the water from the bottom of the lake rises and mixes with the water at the top, allowing the gases to escape slowly.However, in Lakes Nyos and Monoun, there is no regular turning over. No one knows the reasonfor this fact, but as a result, these lakes have more gases trapped at the b

52、ottom than other crater lakes. In fact, scientists who have studied Lakes Nyos and Monoun have found 16,000 times more gases. When a strong wind, cool weather, a storm, or a landslide (滑坡 ) causes the water to turn over suddenly, the gases escape in a violent explosion.In the past, no one knew when

53、the gases might explode, so there was no way for the villagers to escape disaster. Now scientists from the United States, France, and Cameroon have found a way to reduce the gas pressure at the bottom of Lake Nyos. They stood a 672-foot plastic pipe in the middle of the lake, with one end of the pip

54、e near the bottom and the other end in the air. Near the top of the pipe, the team put several holes that could be opened or closed by a computer. Now,when the gas pressure gets too high, the holes are opened and some of the gas-filled water shoots up through the pipe into the air like a fountain. W

55、ith less pressure, a disastrous explosion is much less likely. However, the scientists are not sure that one pipe will be enough to prevent explosions. They hope to put in others soon and they plan to install a similar pipe and a computer system at Lake Monoun as well.To protect people nearby untila

56、ll of the pipes are in place, the scientists have installed early warning systems at both lakes. If the gas pressure rises to a dangerous level, computers will set off loud sirens ( 警 報 ) and bright lights to warn the people in the villages. In that way, they will have time to escape from the danger

57、ous gases.1. What will happen when Lake Nyos and Lake Monoun explode?A. Water will flow down the hills.B. Poisonous gases will be released suddenly.C. A strong wind will rise from the lakes.D. The volcanoes *e to life.2. Which of the following statements about Lake Nyos and Lake Monoun is true?A. Th

58、ey were formed in 1984.B. They are at the top of two active volcanoes.C. They are not like most other crater lakes.D. Water in them turns over regularly.3. Lake Nyos and Lake Monoun explode because.A. the gases rise to the top and mix with airB. people from the villages turn over the waterC. scientists have put in a