英語修辭.Aposiopesis急止法跳脫,44Asydeton散珠, 45Palindrome回文

1、Other Figures 43. Aposiopesis急止法/跳脫 44. Asyndeton散珠 45. Palindrome回文 46. Euphuism夸飾文體43. Aposiopesis急止法/跳脫 43. Aposiopesis, from a Greek rot meaning “ to be silent”, is a sudden interruption of thought in mid-sentence, conveying emotion or irony. It is a “sudden silence”, and the leaving of a senten

2、ce is completed. Aposiopesis跳脫 In short, aposiopesis is the leaving off in the middle of a sentence, as in “ I declare to you that his conduct-but cannot speak of that here”. The device is usually marked by an ellipsis or a dash, which may increase suspense or leave the reader to form his own conclu

3、sion.Aposiopesis跳脫 Aposiopesis is often used in the following situations: 1) Ceasing ones statement or remark suddenly in the middle of a sentence, or then go on with another subject, for example, (1) “Judge not that ye be not judged,” he said. “God moves in a mysterious-” “God wasnt there. God didn

4、t do a thing. Neither did any of you. Shame-”Aposiopesis 2) Ceasing ones statement or remark suddenly in the middle of a sentence, but go on with it after a while, for example, (1) H said , “Ill look after him now. We couldnt have you assistants clattering around the wards-he took a look at my leggi

5、ngs-in your hobnail boots.” (by A. Cronin)Aposiopesis 3) The remark is interrupted by others or for some other reasons, for example, (1) Ogilvie nodded understandingly. “Explain that one. Anyway, I reckon you were lickered up, but good”44. Asyndeton散珠 Asyndeton, the Greek term meaning “not bound tog

6、ether”, is a special form of ellipsis, consisting of the omission of conjunctions. It is the joining together of syntactic units without a conjunction. To be more exact, it is the omission of conjunctions between coordinate parts of a sentence (as in “Im exhausted, Ive walked twenty miles.” or “As a

7、 boy, he recalls, he tried to break upa fight, got a drubbing for his pains”). Asyndeton散珠 In fact, it is the “l(fā)ack of ands”. Though loose in structure, it is very natural and often leads a sense of rapid movement. Effective asyndeton is a mark of sophistication; overused, it may seem annoying manne

8、rism. In asyndeton, omission often occurs in the following cases: 1) Between coordinate words or phrases, for example, The difference between the qualities of intelligence and intellect is more often assumed than defined. Whereas intelligence seeks to grasp, manipulate, reorder adjust, intellect exa

9、mines, ponders, theorizes, criticizes, imagines. (by Richard Hofstadter) 2) Tramp printer, river pilot, Confederate guerrilla, prospector, starry-eyed optimist, acid-tongued cynic: The man who became Mark Twain was born Samuel Langhorne Clemens2) Between coordinate predicatives, for example, (1) Eve

10、ry paragraph you write is going to be something : it will describe something, question something, demand something, define something, reject something. Your first duty as a writer is to let your readers know what your paragraphs deal with. (from The Writers Rhetoric and Handbook) (2) He voyaged sixt

11、y thousand miles under sea, whizzed around the moon, explored the center of the earth, chattered with natives in Australia. (from The Writers Rhetoric and Handbook)3) Between coordinate clauses, for example, (1) I came, I saw, I conquered. (2) The enemy said: I will pursue; I will overtake; I will d

12、ivide the spoil; I will draw my sword; my hand shall destroy them. (from Bible)45. Palindrome回文 E.g. No X in Nixon. Palindrome plin,drum回文 Palindrome Palindrome, from the Greek word “palindromos” meaning “running back again”, refers to a word, sentence, etc. which reads the same backward and forward

13、. It is “a word or longer expression that reads the same backward as forward” (Arnold Lazarus). examples The word “radar” is an example palindrome. Though of doubtful value, palindromes and their contrivance have provided parlor games and brain teasers. Therefore, palindrome is often used for humor.

14、 A well-known palindrome is “Able was I ere I saw Elba” by NapoleonIn a word, for example (1) civic; peep; deed; eve; keek; kook; noon; level; boob; rotator; nun; tenet; dewed; mum,etc.In a sentence (1) Madam, Im Adam. (2) Step on no pets. (3) Live not on evil. (4) Ma is as selfless as I am. (5) May

15、 a moody baby doom a yam? (6) You can cage a swallow, cant you? But you cant swallow a cage, can you?46. Euphuism夸飾文體 Euphuism, a special kind of rhetoric, refers to the “ affected, high-flown speech or writing” (by Josefa Heifetz Byrne). Euphuism It is an elaborate, highly artificial of writing and

16、 speaking, characterized by excessive antithesis, alliteration, allusion, and didacticism, which was fashionable in England in the 16th and early 17th centuries.Euphuism The label derives from the prose romance Euphues by John Lyly. Effective euphuism is usually a mark of sophistication. Here are so

17、me typical examples: (1) Be thou familiar but by no means vulgar. (by Shakespeare)(2) Be merry but with modesty; be sober but not too sullen; be valiant but not too venturesome; let your attire be comely but not too costly. (by John Lyly)Homework 1. Pick out a few examples of syllepsis, zeugma, asyn

18、deton, Palindrome, and Euphuism from your reading 2. Identify and analyze the figures of speech (syllepsis or zeugma) in the following. (1) He fought with desperation and a stout club. -syllepsis (2) Did you drink all the milk and sandwiches? -zeugma (3) He read me the letter and a warning afterward

19、s. -syllepsis (4) The man ate a bun and a glass of milk. -zeugma (5) She swallowed bread and butter and a spasm of emotion. -syllepsis (6) And Mays mother always stood on her gentility; and Dots mother stood on anything but her active little feet. (by Charles Dickens) -syllepsis (7)They shot one deer and lots of photographs. -syllepsis (8) The silly girl has her head filled with straw and her face with paint. (by Lazarus) -zeugma(9) The woman ope