中考練習(xí)----一般過去時與現(xiàn)在完成時的區(qū)別與詳解

1、學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載中考復(fù)習(xí)一一般過去時與現(xiàn)在完成時的區(qū)別專題與練習(xí)一、前言：初一下學(xué)期學(xué)習(xí)了一般過去時態(tài)的相關(guān)知識，而在初二上學(xué)期英語的學(xué)習(xí)中，現(xiàn)在完成時是重要的學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容?，F(xiàn)在通過對比一般過去時和現(xiàn)在完成時，對現(xiàn)在完成時進(jìn)行講解與復(fù)習(xí)。、現(xiàn)在完成時1.現(xiàn)在完成時的構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在完成時是由助動詞have （has）+動詞的過去分詞構(gòu)成。助動詞說明該謂語是屬于現(xiàn)在時范圍。它和主語的人稱、數(shù)要保持一致。過去分詞是主要的謂語動詞，說明句子的意義。2.現(xiàn)在完成時的用法現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去某時發(fā)生的行為對主語目前產(chǎn)生的影響。即用過去發(fā)生的某個行為來說明現(xiàn)在的 某種情況。We are good frien ds.（現(xiàn)

2、在的情況）I knew him in 1997.（過去的動作）We have known each other since 1997.（現(xiàn)在完成時把過去的動作和現(xiàn)在聯(lián)系起來并著眼于現(xiàn)在）（1） 表示動作發(fā)生在過去某個不確定的時間，但對現(xiàn)在留下了某種影響和結(jié)果。常被just、 already、yet等副詞修飾。女口：-Have you had lunch yet?-Yes, I have. Ive just had it.你（已經(jīng)）吃午飯了嗎？我剛剛吃過。（現(xiàn)在我不餓了）（2） 表示從過去某一時刻開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)。這個動作可能剛停止，可能仍然在進(jìn)行。 常帶有 for 和 since

3、 等表示一段時間的狀語。女口： He has taught here si nee 1981.他自 1981 年就在這兒教書。（可能還要繼續(xù)教）I have nt see n her for four years.我有四年沒見至 U 她了。（3） 表示說話前發(fā)生過一次或多次的動作， 現(xiàn)在成為一種經(jīng)驗， 一般譯為漢語 過”常帶有 twice, ever, never,學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載three times 等時間狀語。女口：I have been to Beijing twice.我去過北京二次。3現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語(1)現(xiàn)在完成時屬于現(xiàn)在時范圍，故不能和過去的時間狀語連用。如口： yeste

4、rday,last Sunday,in 佃90,threeyears ago 等。但是，在強(qiáng)調(diào)動作產(chǎn)生的后果和影響時，可以和一些表示不確定的時間狀語連用。a. 用副詞 already 和 yet。already 一般用于肯定句中，yet 般用于否定句和疑問句中。如口： We have already finished our homework.我們已完成作業(yè)了。They have nt fini shed their homework yet.他們還沒有完成作業(yè)。b. 用 ever 和 never。多用于否定或疑問句中，表示曾經(jīng)或 從未等。如口： -Have you ever been to

5、the Great Wall?你曾經(jīng)去過長城嗎？-I have never been to the Great Wall.我從未去過長城。c 用表示到說話為止的過去時間狀語，如just, before, up to now, the past few years 等。例如：I have see n her before, but I can not remember where.我以前見過她，但記不起在哪里見過。He has been there three times the last few days.近幾天他去過那里三次了。d.用包括 現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的時間狀語，如：now, today, th

6、is morning (month, year, term)等。例如：-Have you met him today? -No, I have nt.今天你見過他嗎？我沒有。How many times have you bee n there this year?今年你去過那里多少次？(2)現(xiàn)在完成時可以和帶有since 或 for 等表示一段時間”的狀語連用，表示動作或狀態(tài)從某一時刻開始，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。如：I havent seen him for two years. 但是，像 come, arrive, buy 等終止性動詞不能與表示 一段時間”的狀語連用。要用，必須改為“be(在)

7、”等延續(xù)性動詞來表述。現(xiàn)歸納總結(jié)一下由非延續(xù)性動詞到延續(xù)性動詞的轉(zhuǎn)換：arrive 宀 be herebegi n( start)be ondieTbe deadcome back be backleaveTbe awayfall ill(sick, asleep)Tbe ill(sick, asleep)學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載get upTbe upgo outTbe outfin ishTbe overput onTwear 或 be onope nTbe ope njoinTbe in 或 be a member of -closeTbe closedgo to schoolTbe a stu

8、de nt學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載女口： He has been a soldier for three years.他參軍三年了。His father has bee n dead for two years.他父親去世二年了。The film has been on for ten minutes.電影已開始十分鐘了。We have studied English for three years.我們(開始)學(xué)英語已三年了。4幾點注意事項(1)havebeen(to)與 have gone( to)的區(qū)別：have been(to)表示 去過某地(現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)回來了)”，可用于各人稱；have gon

9、e(to)表示 去某地了 (說話時某人不在當(dāng)?shù)?”，常用于第三人稱，前者可與 once ,never,several times 等連用，后者則不能。女口： They have been to Beijing twice.他們?nèi)ミ^北京兩次。He has gone to Beiji ng .他去北京了。(2)如單純表示一段時間，或強(qiáng)調(diào)一段時間，雖有since 一詞，也不必用完成時。女口： It is two years since his father died.=His father has bee n dead for two years.他父親去世已有兩年了。(3)終止性動詞現(xiàn)在完成時的否

10、定式，已變成一種可以延續(xù)的狀態(tài)，因此可以和表示一段時間的狀語連用。女口： I have nt left here si nee 1997.自從 1997 年以來，我一直沒有離開過這兒。(4) 表示行為或狀態(tài)從過去一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在時，用現(xiàn)在完成時，要加表示一段時間的時間狀語時，常用for + 段時間，since+時間點。I have lived here since my childhood.我從小就一直住在這里。I have lived here for 10 years.我在這已經(jīng)住了10 年了。(5) 在提問現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語時通常用how longHow long have you li

11、ved here? 你在這里住了多久了？注意：在表示某一行為狀態(tài)持續(xù)多長時間時，根據(jù)終止時間的不同，時態(tài)使用是不一樣的。女口：borrow 宀 keepbuy f havecatch(a cold) have(a cold)get to knowfknobeg in to studyfstudycome to workfwork 等學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載I lived here for a week last summer.去年夏天我在這里住了一周。I have lived here for a week by now.到現(xiàn)在為止，我已經(jīng)在這里住了一周。學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載I will live her

12、e for a week next year. 明年我會在這里住一周。三、現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時的區(qū)別現(xiàn)在完成時用來表示之前已發(fā)生或完成的動作或狀態(tài)，其結(jié)果的確和現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系。動作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在過去，但它的影響現(xiàn)在還存在；而一般過去時表示過去的事實，不表示和現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系。I have just bee n to Lon do n. I went there last mon th. 我剛?cè)ミ^倫敦，是上個月去的。1. 過去時表示過去某時發(fā)生的動作或單純敘述過去的事情，強(qiáng)調(diào)動作；現(xiàn)在完成時為過去發(fā)生的，強(qiáng)調(diào)過去的事情對現(xiàn)在的影響，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是影響。2. 過去時常與具體的時間狀語連用，而現(xiàn)在完成時通常與模糊的

13、時間狀語連用，或無時間狀語。一般過去時的時間狀語：yesterday, last week,ago, in1980, in October, just now,都是具體的時間狀語共同的時間狀語：this morning, tonight, this April, now, once , before, already, recently , lately現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語（較模糊）for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always,動詞一般是延續(xù)性的，女口 liv

14、e, teach, learn, work, study, e, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married 等。舉例:I have fini shed my homework now.3.現(xiàn)在完成時過去時常用的非持續(xù)性動詞有I saw this film yesterday.（強(qiáng)調(diào)看的動作發(fā)生過了。）I have see n this film.（強(qiáng)調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響， 電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了。Why did you get up so early?（強(qiáng)調(diào)起床的動作已發(fā)生過了。）Who has nt han ded in his paper

15、?（強(qiáng)調(diào)有卷子，可能為不公平競爭。 ）She has returned from Paris.她已從巴黎回來了。She retur ned yesterday.她是昨天回來了。He has bee n in the League for three years.（在團(tuán)內(nèi)的狀態(tài)可延續(xù)）He has bee n a League member for three years.（是團(tuán)員的狀態(tài)可持續(xù)）He joined the League three years ago.（三年前入團(tuán)，joined 為短暫行為。）學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載-Will somebody go and get Dr. White?

16、-Hes already bee n sent for.句子中如有過去時的時間副詞(如 yesterday, last, week, in I960 )時，不能使用現(xiàn)在完成時，要用過 去時。(錯) Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.(對)Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.四、練習(xí)題1. A.用 already 或 yet1) Have they taken down the old pictures_ ? No, they haven _ _ .2) Most of us

17、 have finished our compositions_ _ .3) He said he hadn t visited the exhibition_ _.B. 用 si nee 或 for1) We have lear ned five less ons_the begi nning of this term.2) Mrs Liao has bee n in hospital_ st week.3) I have stayed at my aunt _ s . two weeks.C. 用 have gone 或 have been1) Where are the boy stud

18、e nts? They_ to the school factory.2) Is your father in? No, he_ _to Shen zhe n._he ever_ there before ?Yes, he_ there several times3) He asked me if I_ to Han gzhou before.I told him that I wan ted to go there for a visit as I _n ever_ to that city before.2. 選擇填空1.Mother_ me a new coat yesterday. I

19、_it on .It fits me well.A. had made have tried B. madehave triedC. has made triedD. madetried2 “He_ to draw horses already ” ._Whenhe ? ”“ Last year “A. learned has B. learned did C. has learned has D. has learned did3. Tom_ up into the tree. Look, he_high up there !A. has got is B. has climbed was

20、C. got was D. climbed is學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載4. _you_ the text yet ? Yes, we_ it two hours ago.學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載A. Did copy did B. Have copied haveC. Have copied did D. Did copy had5.“Why_she_ angry ? ”“Because he_at her just now .A. did get shoutedB. has got shoutedC. did get has shoutedD. has got has shouted6. _you_ th

21、e film before ? Where_ you_it ?A. Have seendid seeB. Did seedid watchC. Have seen have see nD. Did see have see n7._ You_ me wait ing for two hours. Ifor you sincefive.D. have kept have waited8._Where_John ? To the library. HeA. hasbeenhas gone B. has gonehas beenC. did go went D. did be went9. _ th

22、e baby still_ ? No, it_crying.A. Has cried has stoppedB. Is crying stoppedC. Did cry stoppedD. Is crying has stopped10. I_ the way. I_ here for quite many years.A. knew have lived B. knew live C. know have lived D. know live11. _ you ever_ America ? Yes, I have.A. Have gone to B. Have gone inC. Have

23、 been toD. Have been in12. My brother_ college for over three years.A. has gone toB. has bee n to C. has bee n inD. has bee n at13. He_ the Army by the end of 1989. He_ in the army si nee the n.A. joined is B. has joined has beenC. had joined is D. had joined has been14. By the time I_back they_up t

24、en satellites.A. came have sentB. came had sent C. comehave sent D. had come sent15. Jack_over five lessons by seven o clock. Then he_ a rest.A. kept waitedB. have kept waitedC. kept have waitedthere for an hour.學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載A. went took B. went had takenC. had gone took D. had gone had taken學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載16.

25、We_ out by that time that he_ a spy for a long time.A. had found had been B. had found was C. found had beenD. found was17. Before the news_ him, he_ to know about it.A. reaches has got B. reached had got C. reached got D. had reached got18. I_ him a sec ond letter before I_ from him.A. wrote heard

26、B. wrote had heardC. had written heard D. have writtenhear19. People_ that the soldiers_ fight ing.A. say had stopped B. said has stopped C. say stopped D. said had stopped20. We_in a good harvest because we_ eno ugh rain.A. didn t get had had B. got had hadC. had got had had D. got hadn t had21. They_ for five hours whe n they_in New YorkA. says has rained B. says had rained C. said had rained D. said rained23. Joh n_ there since the year before, so he_ them.