2016-英語語言學(xué)期末試題練習(xí)-+答案

1、語言學(xué)練習(xí)題英語語言學(xué)練習(xí)題I . MatchingMatch each of the following terms in Column A with one of the appropriate definitions inColumn B.Column A1.ponential analysis2.langue10.motivation18.context3.suprasegmental feature11.arbitrariness19.blending4.deep petence20.cu

2、lture5.predication analysis13.broad transcription21.learning strategies6.idiolect14.morphology22.selectional restrictions7.pidgin15.category23.phrase structure rules8.mistakes16.errors24.culture diffusionColumn BA. Learners ' independsysttem of the second language, which is of neither the native

3、 language nor the second language, but a continuum or approximation from his native language to the target language. 9B. Learner ' s attitudes and affective state or learning drive, having a stronimpact on his efforts n learning a second language. 21C. The rules that specify the constituents of

4、syntactic categories. 23D. Through communication, some elements of culture A enter culture B and become part of culture B. 24E. A personal dialect of an individual speaker that combines elements regarding regional, social, gender, and age variations. 6F. A special language variety that mixes or blen

5、ds languages and it is used by people who speak different languages for restricted purposes such as trading. 7G. The kind of analysis which involves the breaking down of predications into their constituents- arguments and predicates. 5H. They refer to constraints on what lexical items can go with wh

6、at others. 22I. The structure formed by the XP rule in accordance with the head ' subcategorization properties. 4J. The phonemic features that occur above the level of the segments. 3K. The study of the internal structure of words, and the rules that govern the rule of word formation. 14L. The a

7、bstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community. 2M. Language can be used to refer to contexts removed from the immediate situations of the speaker. It is one of the distinctive features of human language. 1N. Learner ' csnscious, goal-oriented and problem-solving based

8、 efforts to achieve learning efficiency. 10O. The total way of life of a people, including the patterns of belief, customs, objects, institutions, techniques, and language that characterizes the life of the human community. 20P. The common knowledge shared by both the speaker and hearer. 18Q. The wa

9、y of word formation by which new words may be formed by combining parts of other words. 19R. A group of linguistic items which fulfill the same or similar functions in a particular language, such as a sentence, a noun phrase or a verb. 15S. A way proposed by the structural semanticists to analyze wo

10、rd meaning. This approach believes that the meaning of a word can be dissected into meaning components. 17T. The ideal user ' s knowledge of the rules of his language.U. One of the properties of human language. It means that there is no logical connection between meanings and sounds. 11V. A way

11、to transcribe speech sounds with letter-symbols only. 13W. They reflect gaps in a learner' s knowledge of the target languagerigioteielf 16X. They reflect occasional lapses in performance. 8n .Blank-filling.Fill in the following blanks with a word, whose initial letter has been given.1. “A rose

12、by any other name would smell as sweet." This quotation is a good illustration of thea nature of language. Arbitrary2. The description of a language at some point of time in history is a synchronic study; the description of a language as it changes through time is a d study. Diachronic3. Chomsk

13、y defines c as the ideal user ' knowledge of the rules of his language, and performance the actual realization of this knowledge in linguistic communication. Competence4. In the production of vowels the air stream coming from the lungs meets with no o. This marks the essential difference between

14、 vowels and consonants. Obstruction5. The different phones that can represent a phoneme in different phonetic environments are called the a of the phoneme. Allophone6. Allophones of the same phoneme cannot occur in the same phonetic environment. They are said to be in c distribution. Complementary7.

15、 When pitch, stress and sound length are tied to the sentence rather than the word in isolation, they are collectively known as i. Intonation8. The m unit of meaning is traditionally called morpheme. Minimum9. I morphemes are bound morphemes that are for the most part purely grammatical markers, sig

16、nifying such concepts as tense, number, case and so on. Inflectional10. Phrases that are formed of more than one word usually contain three elements: head, specifier, and c. Complement11. Concerning the study of meaning, conceptualist view holds that there is no direct link between a linguistic form

17、 and what it refers to; rather, in the interpretation of meaning they are linked through the mediation of c in the mind. concept12. The sense relation between“animal " and "dog" hycalleymy .13. P refers to the phenomenon that the same word may have a set of different meanings.Polysemy

18、14. What essentially distinguishes semantics and pragmatics is whether in the study of meaning the c of use is taken into consideration. Context15. S refers to the linguistic variety characteristic of a particular social class. Sociolect16. WHO is an a derived from the initials of“ World Health Acga

19、iymation ”17. According to Halliday, language varies as its function varies; it differs in different situations.The type of language which is selected as appropriate to the type of situation is a r. Register18. In cross-cultural communication, some elements of culture A enter culture B and become pa

20、rt of culture B, thus bringing about the phenomenon of cultural d. Diffusion19. While the first language is acquired s, the second or foreign language is more commonly learned consciously. Subconsciously20. Language a refers to a natural ability for learning a second language. Acquisition21. Vibrati

21、on of vocal cords results in a quality of speech sounds called " , which is a "v feature of all vowels and some consonants in English. V oice22. The phonemic features that occur above the level of the segment are called s features.Suprasegmental23. Morphology refers to the study of the int

22、ernal structure of words and rules for word f. Formation24. The minimal unit of meaning is traditionally called m. Morpheme25. The sense relation between autumn"" and fall" is callees. Synonym26. H refers to the phenomenon that words having different meanings have the same form,1 .e.

23、, different words are identical in sound or spelling, or in both. Homonymy27. In daily communication, people do not always observe the four maxims of the co-operative principle. Conversational i would arise when the maxims are flouted. Implicature28. SARS is an a derived from the initials of “ Sever

24、eAcute Respiratory Syndrome".Acronym29. I is a personal dialect of an individual speaker that combines elements regarding regional, social, gender, and age variations. Idiolect30. RP, the short form of “ R Pronunciation refers to the particular way of pronouncing standard English. Receivedin .M

25、ultiple choice.Choose the best answer to the following items.1. is considered to be the father of modern linguistics.A. N. ChomskyB. F. de SaussureC. Leonard BloomfieldD. M. A. K. Halliday2. In the scope of linguistics, form the part of language which links together the sound pattern and meaning.A.

26、morphology and syntaxB. phonetics and semanticsC. semantics and syntaxD. morphology and semantics3. studies the sounds from the hearer' s point of view, i.e., how the sounds are perceived bythe hearer.A. auditory phonetics B. acoustic phonetics C. articulatory phonetics4. Which of the following

27、words begins with a velar voiced stop ?A. godB. boss C. cockD. dog5. Which of the following words ends with a dental, voiceless fricative ?A. rose B. waveC. cloth D. massage6. Which of the following words contains a back, open and unrounded vowel ?A. god B. bootC. walk D. task7. Which of the followi

28、ng is Not a velar sound?A. hB. kC.gD. ?8. Which of the following is Not a minimal pair?A. bat, bite B. kill, pill C. peak, pig , D. meat, seat9. Which of the following is an open class words?A. email B. but C. the D. they10. The underlined morphemes in the following belong to the inflectional morphe

29、mes exceptA. paintsB. painter_C. painted D. painting11. Which of the following words has more than three morphemes?A. psychophysics B. boyfriends C. forefather D. undesirability12. The pair ofwords a dead and alive " is called.A. gradable antonyms B. relational opposites C. complementary antony

30、ms13. Which pair of the following words can be categorized as stylistic synonyms?A. torch & flashlightB. die & deceaseC. amaze & astoundD. luggage & baggage14. X: John has given up smoking.Y: John used to smoke.The sense relation between the above sentences isA. X entails YB. X presu

31、pposes YC. X is synonymous with Y D. X is inconsistent with Y15. X: My father has been to London.Y: My father has been to UK.The sense relation between the above sentences isA. X entails YB. X presupposes YC. X is synonymous with Y D. X is inconsistent with Y16. When we violate any of the maxims of

32、Co-operative Principle, our language might becomeA. impolite B. incorrect C. indirect D. unclear17. Accordin g to Searl ' s classification ofspeech acts, which ofthe following is an instance of directives?A. I fire you!B. Your money or your life!C. I ' m sorry for the mess I have made.D. I h

33、ave never seen the man before.18. Which of the following words is entirely arbitrary?A. treeB. crash C. typewriterD. bang19. The word "Kodak" is a(n).A. blend B. coined word C. clipped word D. acronym20. Which of the following words is Not formed by means of clipping?A. memo B. motelC. qua

34、keD. gym21. According to Halliday, mode of discourse refers to the of communication.A. subject B. role C. situation D. means22. Which of the following theories of language acquisition believes that language learning is simply a matter of imitation and habit formation?.A. The behaviorist viewB. The i

35、nnatist viewC. The interactionist viewD. The cognitive theory23. Which of the following sentences is an example of overgeneralization?.A. Jane told me to give up smoking.B. Jane asked me to give up smoking.C. Jane advised me to give up smoking.D. Jane suggested me to give up smoking.24. Which of the

36、 following hypotheses is put forth by Dr. Krashen?.A. Critical Period HypothesisB. Input HypothesisC. Language Acquisition Device HypothesisD. Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis25. Who among the following linguists put forward Co-operative Principles?A. Paul GriceB. John Searle C. KrashenD. Leech26. Which of th

37、e following linguists is the initiator of transformational generative grammar?A. F. de Saussure B. N. Chomsky C. G. Leech D. M. A. K. Halliday27. When a comes to be adopted by a population as its primary language and childrenlearn it as their first language, it becomes.B. A. creole. pidginB. pidgin.

38、 creoleC. C. regional dialect. sociolectD. sociolect. regional dialect28. studies the sounds from the speaker' s point ofview, i.e., how a speaspeecses hisorgans to articulate speech sounds.A. Auditory phonetics B. Acoustic phonetics C. Articulatory phonetics29. We know the verb " put "

39、; requires an NP followed by a PP or Adv. Thus, the process of putting words of the same lexical category into smaller classes according to their syntactic characteristic is called.A. categorizationB. subcategorizationC. syntactic categories D. coordination30. Which of the following words contains a

40、 front, close and unrounded vowel ?A. bad B. bedC. beat D. but31. The underlined morphemes in the following belong to the derivational morphemes exceptA. faster B. writer. C.lovely D. conversion32. Which of the following is an open class words?A. email B. but C. the D. they33. The pair ofwords borro

41、w and lend" is called.A. gradable antonyms B. relational opposites C. complementary antonyms34. Which pair of the following words can be categorized as collocational synonyms?A. torch & flashlight B. pretty & handsomeC. amaze & astound D. luggage & baggage35. X: My sister will s

42、oon be divorced.Y: My sister is a married woman.The sense relation between the above sentences isA. X entails YB. X presupposes YC. X is synonymous with Y D. X is inconsistent with Y36. X: John married a blond heiress.Y: John married a blond.The sentence relation between X and Y isA. X entails YB. X

43、 presupposes YC. X is synonymous with Y D. X is contradictory with Y37. According to Searl ' s classification of speech acts, which of the followingsist an instance of directives?A. Open the window!B. Your money or your life!C. Would you like to go to the picnic with us?D. I have never seen the

44、man before.38. The word “ brunch “ is a(n).A. blend B. coined word C. clipped word D. acronym39. According to Halliday, field of discourse refers to the of communication.A. subject B. role C. situation D. means40. There are different types of affixes or morphemes. The affix "ed" in the wor

45、d "learned" is known as a( n)A. derivational morpheme B. free morphemeC. inflectional morpheme D. free form41. Which of the following theories of language acquisition holds that human beings are biologically programmed for language and that the language develops in the child just as other

46、biological functions such as walking?.A. The behaviorist viewB. The innatist viewC. The interactionist viewD. The cognitive theory42. The opening between the vocal cords is sometimes referred to as .A. glottis B. vocal cavity C. pharynx D. uvula43. Which of the following hypotheses is put forward by

47、 Eric Lenneberg?.A. Critical Period HypothesisB. Input HypothesisC. Language Acquisition Device HypothesisD. Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis44. Morphemes that represent tense, number, gender and case are called morpheme.A. inflectional B .free C. bound D. derivational45. There are morphemes in the word denat

48、ionalization?A. three B. fourC. five D. six46. Language is A. instinctive B. non-instinctiveC. staticD. genetically transmitted47. Pitch variation is known as when its patterns are imposed on sentences.A. intonation B. tone C. pronunciation D. voice48. Which one is different from the others accordin

49、g to manners of articulation?A. zB.wC.eD.v49. 21. Which one is different from the others according to places of articulation?A. nB. m C. b D. p50. Which vowel is different from the others according to the characteristics of vowels?A. i: B. u C. e D. i51. What kind of sounds can we make when the voca

50、l cords are vibrating?A. Voiceless B. VoicedC. Glottal stop D. Consonant52. When a child uses “ mummy to refer to any woman, most probably his “ mummy means .A. + HumanB. + Human + AdultC. + Human + Adult - Male D. + Human + Adult - Male + Parent53. The utterance "We're already working 25 h

51、ours a day, eight days a week." obviously violates the maxim of.A. quality B. quantity C. relation D. manner54. The pair of words “north " and "south " is.A. gradable oppositesB. relational oppositesC. co-hyponymsD. synonyms55. Which of the following sentences is NOT an example o

52、f cross-association?A. other / anotherB. much / manyC. stalagmite / stalagtite D. bow / bow56. describes whether a proposition is true or false.A. Truth B. Truth value C. Truth condition D. Falsehood57. "John sent Mary a post card." is a case ofA. one-place predication B. two-place predica

53、tionC. three-place predication D. no-place predication58. "John killed Bill but Bill didn't die" is a( n)A. entailmentB. presuppositionC. anomalyD. contradiction59. refers to the process whereby a word is shortened without a change in the meaning and in the part of speech.A. Blending B

54、. Back-formation C. Clipping D. Conversion60. Which of the following aspects is NOT the core of the study of general linguistics?A. sound B. structure C. meaning D. applicationN .True of false judgment.Judge whether the following statements are true or false. Write T in the corresponding bracket for

55、 a true statement and F for a false one.1. Linguistics studies languages in general, but not any particular language, e.g. English, Chinese, Arabic, and Latin, etc. T2. Modern linguistics regards the written language as the natural or primary medium of human language. F3. In narrow transcription, we

56、 transcribe the speech sounds with letter-symbols only while in broad transcription we transcribe the speech sounds with letter-symbols together with the diacritics. T4. By diachronic study we mean to study the changes and development oflanguage. T5. Complete homonyms are often brought into being by

57、 coincidence. T6. Of the three phonetics branches, the longest established one, and until recently the most highly developed, is acoustic phonetics. F7. The meaning of the word “seal in the sentence “theseal could not be found "cannot be determined unless the context in which the sentence occur

58、s is restored. T8. An Innatist view of language acquisition holds that human beings are biologically programmed for language. T9. According to co-operative principle, the conversational participants have to strictly observe the four maxims, so that the conversation can go on successfully. F10. The same word may stir up different association in people under different cultural background. T11. A child who enters a foreign language speech community by the age of