高中英語人教版必修一Unit-5知識點匯總與強化練習(xí)

1、Unit 5 Nelson Mandela- a modern hero單元要點預(yù)覽詞 匯 部 分詞語辨析1. fight for/against/with2. reward / award3. accept / receive4. since / because / as / for詞形變化1. cruel adj.殘暴的，殘忍的cruelty n.殘暴，殘忍2. hope n. v.希望;期望hopeful adj.有希望的, 順利的，后前途的hopeless adj.沒有 希望的；令人絕望 的3. educate vt.教育education n.教育;教育體制educated adj.

2、受過 教育的；受過訓(xùn)練 的重點單詞1. devotevt.投入；獻身2. vote v.投票（決定）；選舉 n.投票，選票,表決，得票數(shù)3. reward n.報酬，獎金vt.酬謝，給以報答4. equal adj.平等的；相等的5. advise v.建議重點詞組1. be in prison在獄中，被監(jiān)禁2. out of work失業(yè)，出問題3. lose heart喪失勇氣或信心重點句子1. We were put in a position in which we had either to accept we were less important, or fight the Go

3、vernment.2. Only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.重點語法定語從句i詞語辨析1. fight for/against/with【解釋】fight for/against/withfight for為而斗爭；努力爭取fight against 與作斗爭fight with和并肩作戰(zhàn)，和打仗/打架/斗爭【練習(xí)】用正確的fight短語填空1) . We will have to difficulties.2) . They told the workers to their rights.3) . During

4、World War II, the British Frenchmen against Germans.2. reward / award【解釋】award用作名詞時，意為 獎品“、獎金“、獎”； reward作名詞時，作 報酬"、獎勵"、報答”講?！揪毩?xí)】用上面所提供的辨析詞的適當形式填空1） . The film are presented annually2） . A was offered for the return of the passpo rt3. accept / receive【解釋】accept （接受）表示主觀上樂意接受。還表示答應(yīng)“、同意“、認同”

5、receive畋到，得到），表示客觀收到，還不能斷定是否接受。還表示接待”、接 收”、歡迎”【練習(xí)】用上面所提供的辨析詞的適當形式填空I his letter of invitation, but I didn't it.4. since / because / as / for【解釋】since =now that意為 由于,既然”常表示已知的或大家都清楚的原因。because語氣最強,經(jīng)常表聽者不知的原因，它能回答why的提問。as可和because互換，但語氣不夠它強，也不能回答why的提問。for是并列連詞，與后面的分句對前一句話起到補充說明的作用，其前常有逗號隔開?！揪毩?xí)】用

6、上面所提供的辨析詞的適當形式填空1) . I can ' t go I ' m ill.2) .the rain has topped, let ' s go out for a walk.3) .I ' m leaving tomorrow, I ' ve bought you a gift.4) . It must have rained last night,the ground is wet.II詞性變化1. cruel adj.殘暴的，殘忍的cruelty n. 殘暴，殘忍2. hope n. v希望;期望hopeful adj.有希望的, 順

7、利的，后前途的hopeless adj.沒有希望的；令人絕望的3. educate vt.教育education n.教育;教育體制educated adj.受過教育的；受過訓(xùn)練的【練習(xí)】用括號內(nèi)所提供詞的適當形式填空1) She is a highlywoman (educate)2) Parents shouldtheir children to behave well. (educate)3) A child receives its earlyat home. (educate)4) Many a youngwent to Hollywood. (hope)5) Our for fin

8、e weather were not disappointed. (hope)6) Most of the students are making good progress but Jeremy seems a case. (hope)7) Don't be to animals. (cruel)8) He saw a lot of in the prison camp. (cruel) in重點詞匯1. devote vt.投入；獻身典例1） . He devoted himself entirely to music.他將一生奉獻給了 音樂。2） . Mary devoted h

9、er life to caring for the sick.瑪麗獻身于為病人服務(wù)。重點用法devoteto 獻身于； 專心于在devote-。to 短語中，to是介詞，后面接名詞或動詞-ing。常見的類似短語還有：pay attention to （注意）;stick to （堅持）;lead to （導(dǎo)致）;prefer to（相比更喜歡）；look forward to （盼望）；練習(xí)中譯英1） .她深愛她的孩子。2） .我們應(yīng)全力以赴地工作。2. vote v.投票（決定）；選舉 n.投票，選票,表決，得票數(shù)典例1) . We voted Democrat in the last el

10、ection.我們在上次的選舉中投了民主黨的票。2) . We ' ll listen to the arguments on both sides and then vote on it.我們會先聽取雙方的論證后再作表決。3) . The votes are still being counted.選票仍在統(tǒng)計中。重點用法vote down投票否決；投票擊敗 vote in投票選出；選舉vote through 表決通過putto the vote將付諸表決take/have a vote on對進行表決 vote for/against 投票贊成/反對練習(xí)用恰當?shù)慕樵~或副詞填空。4

11、) . The suggestion was voted by a large majority.5) . Shall we take a vote the question?6) . The issue was put the vote.7) . Was the vote or the matter?3. reward n.報酬,獎金vt.酬謝，給以報答典例1) . He worked hard but without much reward.他工作很努力，但是報酬很少。2) . He rewarded me with a prize.他用一個獎勵來報答我。重點用法in reward (fo

12、r 傳為(對的)報酬、報答give a reward to sb. for sth.為給某人報酬、賞金reward sb. for (doing) sth.因報答、獎賞某人reward sb. with sth.用報答、獎賞某人練習(xí)中譯英3) .她的善良沒有得到任何回報。4) .她向他報之以一笑。4. equal adj.平等的；相等的典例1) . Women demand equal pay for equal work.女性要求同等工作獲同等報酬。2) . All people are born equal.人人生來平等。重點用法be equal to 與相等be equal with 與

13、平等練習(xí)中譯英3) . 一單位酒精等于半品脫啤酒。4) .他們認為，在上帝眼中窮人和富人是平等的。5. advise v.建議典例1) . I have advised you on that subject.在那個問題上，我給過你建議.2) . Christie advises us to practise oral English as often as possible. Christie建議我們要盡可能多練口語.3) . I advise that you (should) not eat fruit that isn' t ripe.我建議你不要吃那些沒有熟的水果.重點用法a

14、dvise sb. on sth.就給某人出主意 advise +n. /pron.建議advise sb. to do sth.建議某人干 advise (one ' s) doing slhZ (某人)干advise + (that) sb. (should) doadvice n. 建議； 意見a piece of advice 一條建議go to sb. for advice = ask sb. for advice 向某人尋求建議； 征詢某人的意見give advice to sb. on sth.就對某人提供建議follow sb ' s advice = take

15、 sb'攜!5dvjce勺建議練習(xí)中譯英1) .我建議換個方式。2) .我們建議他們應(yīng)該及早開始IV重點詞組1. be in prison在獄中，被監(jiān)禁典例1) . He fought for the black people and was in prison for thirty years.他為黑人而戰(zhàn)且坐過三十年牢。2) . He has been in prison for five years for stealing.因為偷東西，他曾在監(jiān)獄呆過5年.短語歸納put - in prison = send to- prison = throw into prison 把投入監(jiān)

16、獄The car thieves have been put in prison 那些偷車賊都被關(guān)進監(jiān)獄了。練習(xí)用be, put, send, throw的恰當形式填空。1) . The lawyer finally the murderer into prison.2) . The robber in prison for several years.3) . The thief begged the guard for not him to prison.4) . Last year, the man in prison for stealing a car.2. out of work失

17、業(yè),出問題典例1) . Jim has been out of work for several months.吉姆已經(jīng)失業(yè)幾個月了。2) . Mary ' s cell phone has been out of work for several days, which brought her a lot of inconvenience.瑪麗的手機壞了好幾天了，這給她帶來了很多不便。短語歸納in work 有工作out of breath上氣不接下氣out of use 沒用了out of order 次序顛倒；出故障 out of danger 脫離危險Out of sight,

18、 out of mind. 眼不見, 練習(xí)用適當?shù)慕樵~(短語)填空。1) . Although my computer is2) . After foursout of patience 不而寸煩out of date 過時out of control 失控out of shape 變形心不煩。date now, but it ' s still use danger.operation, the patient has been3. lose heart喪失勇氣或信心典例1) . He failed many times, but hedidn ' t lose heart.

19、他失敗了許多次，但他并沒有失去信心。2) . No matter what you do, never lose heart.不管你做什么,千萬不要失去信心。短語歸納lose one's job 失業(yè)lose one's balance 失去平衡lose one's breath± 氣不接下氣lose one's heart (to sb/sth)愛上lose one's life喪生；遇害 lose face丟臉；受屈辱練習(xí)中譯英1) .不要失去信心，一切都會好起來的。2) .她喜歡上了一位年輕士兵。V重點句子1. We were put i

20、n a position in which we had either to accept we were less important, or fight the Government.我們被置于這樣一種境地，或者是被迫承認我們低人一等，或者是與政府作斗爭。解釋這是一個主從復(fù)合句，in which引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾先行詞 position 0類似的名詞還有situation, stage, cas妤，作先行t時，可用 where引導(dǎo)定語從句Can you think of a situation where you once felt embarrassed?拓展：介詞+關(guān)系代詞which在

21、定語從句中充當時間、地點、原因狀語，相當于關(guān)系副詞 when, where和 why。He is the boss of the restaurant where (= in which) we often have lunch.Today when (= on which) the product will be put into use will come soon.The reason why ( = for which) he was late for school was unbelievable.練習(xí)中譯英1) .你能想起讓你尷尬的情形嗎？2) .他遲到的原因令人難以置信。2. O

22、nly then did we decide to answer violence with violence.只是在那時我們才決定以暴力對暴力。解釋當only修飾狀語位于句首時,句子采用部分倒裝的結(jié)構(gòu)，將助動詞或系動詞 提前，放在主語前。Only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.只是在那時我們才決定以暴力對暴力。Only yesterday did his father tell him the truth, which was a big surprise to him.昨天他父親才把真相告訴他，這對他真是個令人吃驚的

23、消息.Only by shouting was he able to make people on the other side of the river hear him.他只有靠大聲喊才能使河對岸的人們聽到他的聲音。練習(xí)中譯英1) .昨天他父親才把真相告訴他，這對他真是個令人吃驚的消息。2) .他只有靠大聲喊才能使河對岸的人們聽到他的聲音單元自測1完形填空閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，然后從 2130各題所給的A、B、C和D項中, 選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。字數(shù)：214完成時間：14分鐘難度：*On Keeping a Diary in EnglishKeeping a diary

24、 in English is one of the effective ways to improve our English writing ability. Compared with other forms of writing, it is 21 and takes less time. It can help us to develop the habit of thinking in English. If we 22 to this practice, gradually, we'll learn how to express ourselves in English.

25、In keeping a diary inEnglish, we certainly 23 up against a lot of difficulties. In the first place, it often happens that we have trouble finding 24 words and phrasesto give 25 to our mind. Secondly, there are many idiomatic ways of saying things in Chinese. And it is extremely 26 for us to put them

26、 into English properly. Surely, there are some other 27 we may come across in keeping a diary in English.As far as I am concerned, my suggestion is that we should always have a(n) _28 and a Chinese-English dictionary within easy 29 . Whenever something beats us, we can put it down in our notebook an

27、d then consult our dictionary. We can also 30to English teachers for help, if necessary. In short, I believe that it is of great use to keepa diary in English for the development of our writing skills.21. A. longer22. A. insist23. A. run24. A. approximate25. A. idea26. A. easy27. A. roadblocks28. A.

28、 pen29. A. hand30. A. runB. shorterB. stickB. bringB. appropriateB. adviceB. hardB. methodsB. backpackB. sightB. turnC. thickerC. contributeC. comeC. appreciativeC. expressionC. goodC. waysC. eraserC. reachC. flyD. betterD. referD. turnD. approachableD. explanationD. badD. objectsD. notebookD. abili

29、tyD.oppose在空格處填入一2語法填空閱讀下面短文，按照句子結(jié)構(gòu)的語法性和上下文連貫的要求，個適當?shù)脑~或使用括號中詞語的正確形式填空，并將答案填寫在答題卡標號為31-40的相應(yīng)位置上字數(shù)：147完成時間：9分鐘難度：*Social change is more likely to occur in societies where there is 31 mixture of different kinds of people than in societies where people are similar in many ways.The simple reason for this

30、 is 32 there are more different ways of looking at things present in the first kind of society. There are more ideas, more 33 (disagree) in interest, and more groups and organizations 34 different beliefs. In addition, there is usually a greater worldly interest and greater tolerance in 35 (mix) soc

31、ieties. 36_ these factors tend to promote social change by opening more areas of life to decision. In a society where people are quite similar in many ways, there are _37 (few) occasions for people to see the need or the opportunity for change because 38 seems to be the same. And 39 conditions may n

32、ot be satisfactory, 40 are at least customary and doubtless.3閱讀理解詞數(shù)：308難度：*時間：6分鐘Electrical devices (儀器)could soon use power made by human energy. Scientists say they have developed an experimental device that produces electricity from the physical movement of a person walking. British scientist Max

33、 Donelan and other scientists in Canada and the United States developed the device.The device connects to a person's knee. As the person walks, the device captures energy each time the person slows down. To do this, the device helps with the slowing down movement of the leg. The movements of the

34、 walking person push parts of a small machine that produces electricity. Using the device, an adult walking quickly could produce thirteen watts of electricity in just a minute. Donelan says walking at that speed could produce enough power to operate a laptop computer for six minutes.There are sever

35、al possible uses for the device. Developers say it could help people who work in areas without electricity to operate small computers. The device could also be used in hospitals to operate heart pacemakers (起搏器).It could even be used to assist in the movement of robotic arms and legs.The experimenta

36、l version of the device weighs about one and a half kilograms, but it is too costly for most people to buy. But the researchers hope to make a lighter, less costly version. An improved version should be ready in one year.The developers hope the device will one day help developing countries. Nearly t

37、wenty-five percent of people around the world live without electric power.A similar product was invented in 2005 by Larry Rome of the University of Pennsylvania. He created a bag carried on a person's back that also produces power from walking. The knee device does not produce as much electricit

38、y as the bag. But the bag requires the walker to carry a load of twenty to thirty kilograms.41. The second paragraph mainly talks about.A. who developed the deviceB. how the device worksC. several possible uses for the devicesD. how much electricity the device can produce42. What is the disadvantage

39、 of the experimental version of the device?A. It is too heavy for the walker to bear.B. It is too complex for people to use.C. It will slow down one's walking speed.D. It is too dear for most people to afford.43. Compared with the device designed by Larry Rome, this new device.A. produces power

40、without adding more loads to the walkerB. can produce more power in a much shorter timeC. needs to be equipped with a batteryD. can help the walker walk faster44. From the passage, we can learn that the electrical device can.A. help housewives operate the micro-wave ovenB. make it much easier for us

41、 to go onlineC. produce more electricity than that invented by Larry RomeD. be applied in medicine to operate heart pacemakers45. What would be the best title for the passage?A. First device powered by walking will soon be on the marketB. Advanced technology brings in a new way to operate heart pace

42、makersC. Device gives new meaning to the idea of power walkingD. Human energy will become a main source of electricityUnit 5 Nelson Mandela- a modern hero 答案i詞語辨析1. fight for/against/withKeys: 1). fight against 2). fight for 3). fought with2. reward / awardKeys:1). awards 2). reward3. accept / recei

43、veKeys: received accept4. since / because / as / forKeys: 1). because 2). Since 3). As 4). forII詞性變化Keys: 1) educated 2) educate 3) education 4) hopeful5) hopes 6) hopeless 7) cruel8) crueltyin重點詞匯1. devote vt.投入；獻身練習(xí)中譯英Keys: 1). She is devoted to her children.2) . We should devote all our efforts t

44、o our tasks.2. vote v.投票(決定)；選舉 n.投票，選票,表決，得票數(shù)Keys:1) . through 2).on 3). to 4). for; against3. reward n.報酬,獎金vt.酬謝，給以報答練習(xí)中譯英Keys: 1). She got nothing in reward for her kindness.2) . She rewarded him with a smile.4. equal adj.平等的；相等的Keys: 1). One unit of alcohol is equal to half a pint of beer.2) .

45、They believe that in the sight of God the poor are equal with the rich.5. advise v.建議練習(xí)中譯英Keys: 1). I'd advise taking a different approach.2) . We advised that they should start early/advised them to start early.IV重點詞組1. be in prison在獄中，被監(jiān)禁Keys: 1). threw 2). has been 3). sending 4). was put2. o

46、ut of work失業(yè),出問題Keys: 1). out of; in 2). out of3. lose heart喪失勇氣或信心練習(xí)中譯英Keys: 1). Don' t lose heart, all will turn out well.2) . She lost her heart to a young soldier.V重點句子1. We were put in a position in which we had either to accept we were less important, or fight the Government.練習(xí)中譯英Keys:1) .

47、 Can you think of a situation where you once felt embarrassed?2) . The reason why(= for which) he was late for school was unbelievable.2. Only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.只是在那時我們才決定以暴力對暴力。練習(xí)中譯英Keys:1) . Only yesterday did his father tell him the truth, which was a big surprise to him.2) . Only by shouting was he able to make people on the other side of the river hear him.單元自測1完形填空答案：21. B.下文提到需要更少的時間，所以應(yīng)該是比較短而不是更長或者更厚， 這里沒有比較質(zhì)量問題，所以不可能是更好”。22. B.考察動詞短語。根據(jù)意義