江蘇專用屆高三英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)學(xué)案

1、Unit 2Growing pains重點(diǎn)單詞【1】辨析suggest, advise, request, order(1) suggest與advise都是動(dòng)詞“建議”，它們后面的賓語(yǔ)從句都用虛擬語(yǔ)氣(shouldv.), should可以省略。advise sb. to do sth.表示“建議某人做某事”，advise不能用suggest替換，但可以說(shuō)suggest sb./ones doing sth.。I advise that he (should) go at once.我建議他馬上動(dòng)身。I suggested going in my car.我建議坐我的車去。(2) reque

2、st, order等動(dòng)詞后接的賓語(yǔ)從句中，也常用“should 動(dòng)詞原形”作謂語(yǔ)，should可省略。They ordered that for every tree cut down two more be planted.他們要求每砍伐一棵就要補(bǔ)栽兩棵樹(shù)。(3) It is suggested/advised/ordered/requested從句，此時(shí)從句也常用“should 動(dòng)詞原形”作謂語(yǔ)，should可省略。It was ordered that the army be sent to the front.部隊(duì)接到命令，他們立即要被派往前線。 名詞suggestion, advic

3、e, order, request等后接同位語(yǔ)從句或這些詞在表語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句也用“should 動(dòng)詞原形”作謂語(yǔ)，should可省略。He agreed with my suggestion that we should change the date.他同意我提出的更改日期的建議。【注意】若suggest作“暗示，表明”，insist作“堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為”講時(shí)，后面的賓語(yǔ)從句不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。He _ to stay at home and have a good rest.他建議我們待在家里并好好休息。The professor suggested that parents _ their c

4、hildren every day when they stepped into the college.教授建議父母不要在孩子進(jìn)入大學(xué)后每天給他們打電話。The smile on his face suggested that he _ (be) happy to meet her again.advised us(should) not phonewas【2】 explain vt. 解釋，說(shuō)明explain sth. to sb./explain to sb. sth. 向某人解釋某事explain that 從句Will you please explain the third par

5、agraph again to us?請(qǐng)您把第三段再給我們解釋一下好嗎？I explain that an ambulance would be coming soon.我解釋說(shuō)救護(hù)車很快就到。explain yourself 為自己的行為作解釋I really dont see why I should have to explain myself to you.我真不明白我為什么非要向你解釋我的行為不可。explanation n. 解釋，說(shuō)明the explanation for sth. 對(duì)某事的解釋對(duì)初學(xué)者解釋這個(gè)問(wèn)題很難。_Alex解釋說(shuō)他的汽車出了毛病。_我想不出他缺席的任何理由

6、。_It was difficult to explain the problem to beginners. Alex explained that his car had broken down.I cant think of any possible explanation for his absence.【3】 charge n. 費(fèi)用；價(jià)錢(qián)，v. 要求收費(fèi)；索價(jià)；將(電池)充電；指控，控告The fruit seller charged me too much money.這個(gè)水果商賺了我太多的錢(qián)。Does your car battery charge easily?你那輛汽車的蓄

7、電池容易充電嗎？charge sb. with 指控某人；賦予某人職責(zé)(或任務(wù))in/take/have charge (of) 控制(局面、組織、人群)；掌管，負(fù)責(zé)(主語(yǔ)一般是人，是主動(dòng)的)in/under the charge of 在的掌管下/由照看(相當(dāng)于in ones charge, 邏輯主語(yǔ)是被動(dòng)的) Who is in _charge of the factory? It is in _ charge of my brother.A. the；/ B. the; theC/；/ D/; theShe was complaining that the seller was _ to

8、o much for the coat.A. spending B. offeringC. costing D. chargingD D【4】 deserve v. 值得，應(yīng)受的deserven./to do 值得(做)deserve doing/to be done 值得被做deserve to be punished/punishment 應(yīng)該被罰Good work deserves good pay.良好的工作表現(xiàn)應(yīng)該得到豐厚的報(bào)酬。He certainly deserves to be sent to prison if he continues to do it.如果他再繼續(xù)這樣做的

9、話，的確應(yīng)該被送去坐牢。Nobody thinks he _ our help so we wont give him any hand.A. deserves B. worthC. deserve D. worthsAdeserve 值得，為動(dòng)詞；worth 值得的，為形容詞。【5】 spare vt. 節(jié)約，省出；adj. 多余的，剩下的；空閑的Do you have any spare change for the phone?你有零錢(qián)打電話嗎？Could you spare me five pounds?你能給我5英鎊嗎？We had an hour to spare so we lo

10、oked round the shops.還有1個(gè)小時(shí)的剩余時(shí)間，所以我們逛商店。spare no efforts/pains 不遺余力spare ones life/spare sb. his life 饒某人一命in ones spare time 在某人的業(yè)余時(shí)間Let Harry play with your toys as well, Clare you must learn to _.A. support B. careC. spare D. shareDlearn to share 學(xué)會(huì)分享?！?】 forbid vt. (forbade, forbidden) 禁止，不許for

11、bid doing sth. 禁止做某事(不能說(shuō)forbid to do)forbid sb. to do sth. 禁止某人做某事Its forbidden to do sth. 做某事是禁止的。the Forbidden City 紫禁城My parents forbid me to stay the night out.我父母不準(zhǔn)我在外面過(guò)夜。You are all forbidden to leave.你們都不準(zhǔn)離開(kāi)。Mary wanted to travel around the world all by herself, but her parents did not _ her

12、to do so.A. forbid B. allowC. follow D. askBforbid禁止；allow允許；follow跟著，跟隨；ask sb. to do sth.要求某人做某事。 【7】 argument n. 爭(zhēng)論；辯論The students had a long argument with their teachers about their uniforms.學(xué)生們就他們校服的事和老師進(jìn)行了很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的辯論。argue v. 爭(zhēng)論；爭(zhēng)辯argue with sb. about/over sth. 與某人為某事?tīng)?zhēng)論He argued with the taxi driv

13、er about the fare.他與出租車司機(jī)為票價(jià)爭(zhēng)論起來(lái)。argue that 主張，認(rèn)為She argued that our attempt would be a waste of time.她認(rèn)為我們的努力將會(huì)是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。argue for/against 贊成/反對(duì)He argued for the fiveday workweek.他贊成一周上5天班。argue sb. into / out of 說(shuō)服某人做/不做某事We argued him out of going on such a dangerous journey.我們說(shuō)服他不繼續(xù)這樣危險(xiǎn)的旅程。我們和服務(wù)員就賬單

14、發(fā)生了爭(zhēng)吵。_他認(rèn)為他們需要更多的時(shí)間來(lái)完成項(xiàng)目。_他們說(shuō)服他撤回了投訴。(argue into)_We had an argument with the waiter about the bill.He argued that they needed more time to finish the project.They argued him into withdrawing his complaint.【1】 be supposed to do 按照義務(wù)、規(guī)則、規(guī)律或約定“理應(yīng)，應(yīng)該”He is supposed to arrive before 6 oclock.他應(yīng)該6點(diǎn)之前到。be

15、 supposed to do常表示“本應(yīng)該發(fā)生(而實(shí)際并未發(fā)生)”，有時(shí)也可使用“be supposed to have done”，相當(dāng)于should have done。He is supposed to have arrived by now.此刻他應(yīng)該到了。(1)以suppose開(kāi)頭的句子表示“如何，怎么樣”，用來(lái)提出建議。Suppose we hold an English evening?我們舉辦一場(chǎng)英語(yǔ)晚會(huì)怎么樣？(2)supposing/suppose if 倘若，假使，可引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句。Supposing/Suppose your friends knew it, wha

16、t would they think?倘若你的朋友們知道這件事，他們會(huì)作何感想？(3)連鎖問(wèn)句What do you suppose you will do after school?你放學(xué)后想做什么？ Why did you go to the wrong office? Well, I forgot which room I was _ to go to. A. demanded B. hopedC. supposed D. suggestedCbe supposed to do意為“應(yīng)該做/被認(rèn)為做”；demand語(yǔ)氣太重；hope后不能接雙賓語(yǔ)，即不能說(shuō)hope sb. to do s

17、th.；而suggest只能是suggest sb. doing建議某人做 【2】辨析do with, deal withdo with (sb./sth.) 處置； deal with 處理；打交道；涉及，當(dāng)表示“怎樣處置”時(shí)，do with用what提問(wèn)，deal with用how提問(wèn)。How to deal with the waste from the factory is a serious problem.怎樣處理這家工廠的垃圾是一個(gè)嚴(yán)重的問(wèn)題。What did you do with my umbrella?你把我的傘怎么了？deal with 還可以表示“論及，涉及，與打交道”

18、。This book dealt with the ancient history of Rome.這本書(shū)論及羅馬的古代史。do with 還可以表示：(1) 以將就，以對(duì)付過(guò)去(與助動(dòng)詞連用，不可用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))Butter is so expensive that we had to do with margarine in those days.那時(shí)候，奶油非常貴，所以我們都已人造黃油來(lái)將就。(2) 忍受(與cannot連用；不可用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))If theres something I cant do with, its untidiness.如果說(shuō)有什么東西我無(wú)法忍受的話，那就是不整潔。 _

19、 have you done _ my table? I have thrown it away.A. What; with B. How; withC. What; for D. How; forA用do with 表示“怎樣處置”， 用what提問(wèn)。 【3】 remindof 提醒；使想起 I want to remind you of the rules for school parties.關(guān)于學(xué)校晚會(huì)，有幾個(gè)規(guī)定我想提醒你們。rob sb. of sth. 搶某人東西cure sb. of sth. 治愈某人疾病inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某事accuse sb.

20、of sth. 譴責(zé)某人做某事remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事remind sb. that/what 從句 “提醒某人某事”或“使某人想起某事”。They reminded me that they had promised to buy me a car.他們使我想到，他們承諾過(guò)給我買一輛車。This reminded us what we should do.這提醒我們?cè)撟鍪裁础．?dāng)我們離開(kāi)時(shí)，請(qǐng)?zhí)嵝盐谊P(guān)掉空調(diào)。_這股氣味使我想起了法國(guó)。_地址若有變動(dòng)請(qǐng)隨時(shí)通知我們。_He got a letter from his mother, which _ him of

21、his home.A. remembered B. forgot C. thought D. remindedPlease remind me to turn off the air conditioner when we leave.That smell reminds me of France.Please inform us of any changes of address.D根據(jù)句意和賓語(yǔ)him后的of his home，只有動(dòng)詞remind符合?！?】insist on / upon (doing) sth. 堅(jiān)持做某事She insisted on not telling me

22、her telephone number.她堅(jiān)持不告訴我她的電話號(hào)碼。The scientist insisted on an exact figure.這位科學(xué)家堅(jiān)持要得到一個(gè)精確的數(shù)字。insist有兩個(gè)含義，其用法也不同：(1)作“堅(jiān)持要；一定要”講時(shí)，后面的從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，即“should動(dòng)詞原形”，其中should可省略。They insisted that we (should) begin the work at once.他們堅(jiān)持要我們立刻開(kāi)始工作。(2)作“堅(jiān)持說(shuō)；堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為”講時(shí)，后面的從句不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，用陳述語(yǔ)氣，該用什么時(shí)態(tài)就用什么時(shí)態(tài)。He insisted that

23、he had put the file back in the case.他堅(jiān)持說(shuō)他已經(jīng)把文件放回到盒子里了。He has always insisted on his _ Dr Turner instead of Mr Turner.A. been called B. calledC. having called D. being calledD句意：他總是堅(jiān)持要?jiǎng)e人叫他Turner醫(yī)生而不是Turner先生。insist on后接名詞或動(dòng)名詞?！?】 Eric runs in after it, followed by a big dog, walking very slowly.埃里克跟

24、在后邊跑了進(jìn)來(lái)，身后跟著一只狗慢慢地走著。followed by為過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作伴隨狀語(yǔ)，表示被動(dòng)含義。若現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語(yǔ)，則表示主動(dòng)或進(jìn)行的概念。The boy spent the night, locked in the room.這個(gè)男孩被鎖在房間里度過(guò)了一整夜。He sat in the corner of the room, crying sadly.他坐在房間的角落里傷心地哭著?！?】 The room is a mess, with pizza boxes on the floor and dirty dishes in the sink.房間一片混亂，地上四處是比薩盒子，水池

25、里堆著沒(méi)洗的盤(pán)子。此句中with pizza boxes on the floor and dirty dishes in the sink用的是with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，這里是“with名詞介詞短語(yǔ)”的形式。The English teacher came into the classroom, with a book in her hand.英語(yǔ)老師手里拿著一本書(shū)走進(jìn)教室?！皐ith復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)(即O.O.C.)”在句子中充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)。其中賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)除了可以由介詞短語(yǔ)充當(dāng)外，還可以是分詞短語(yǔ)、形容詞短語(yǔ)、副詞短語(yǔ)、不定式短語(yǔ)。They came to a farmhouse with a big

26、tree in front of it.他們來(lái)到一所其前有一棵大樹(shù)的農(nóng)舍前。(定語(yǔ))They came to a farmhouse with their equipment on their backs.他們背著自己的裝備，來(lái)到一所農(nóng)舍前。(狀語(yǔ))(1) with名詞/代詞分詞With the exams coming next week, I have no time to play.下周考試就要來(lái)臨了，我沒(méi)時(shí)間玩了。(2) with名詞/代詞形容詞He likes to sleep with the window open.他喜歡睡覺(jué)時(shí)把窗開(kāi)著。(3) with名詞/代詞副詞The yo

27、ung couple sat there in silence, with the light on, for nearly half an hour.這對(duì)年輕的夫婦開(kāi)著燈，一言不發(fā)坐在那兒近半個(gè)小時(shí)。(4) with名詞/代詞不定式With no one to talk to, the girl felt bored and cried under the quilt alone.沒(méi)有人可以交談，這個(gè)女孩感到很乏味并且一個(gè)人躲在被子里哭了起來(lái)。(5) with名詞/代詞名詞With her son still (being) a schoolboy, she has to work hard

28、 to support his study.兒子還在上學(xué)，她不得不努力工作以維持他的學(xué)業(yè)。John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work _， he gladly accepted it.A. finished B. finishingC. having finished D. was finished_ only 20 minutes to go before the train left, I felt uneasy in the taxi to the railway station. (2010江西會(huì)昌中學(xué)高三月考)A.

29、 For B. WithC. As D. Because窗戶敞開(kāi)著，我們可以感覺(jué)到?jīng)鏊娘L(fēng)吹到我們臉上。_媽媽在外，我不得不自己做飯。_ A句意：約翰收到一份宴請(qǐng)函而且他的工作也干完了，他就欣然接受了邀請(qǐng)?？疾閣ith復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。根據(jù)句意，工作應(yīng)該是被完成，所以排除B、C兩項(xiàng)。with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中，所缺部分作賓補(bǔ)，D項(xiàng)只能作謂語(yǔ)。故選A項(xiàng)。A句意：約翰收到一份宴請(qǐng)函而且他的工作也干完了，他就欣然接受了邀請(qǐng)?？疾閣ith復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。根據(jù)句意，工作應(yīng)該是被完成，所以排除B、C兩項(xiàng)。with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中，所缺部分作賓補(bǔ)，D項(xiàng)只能作謂語(yǔ)。故選A項(xiàng)。 B該題應(yīng)選with，構(gòu)成“withn.to do”復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。

30、 With the windows open, we can feel the cool wind blowing against our face. With Mum out, I have to cook meals on my own.【3】 Eric sits on his bed looking at Daniel, who has his arms crossed and looks angry.埃里克坐在床上看著雙臂交叉，表情氣憤的丹尼爾。has his arms crossed為have/get sth. done 結(jié)構(gòu)，該結(jié)構(gòu)有兩層含義：(1) 使某事被做(主語(yǔ)有意識(shí)的行為，

31、可能是自己做，也可能讓別人做)(2) 遭遇，經(jīng)歷(此事非主語(yǔ)的意愿)Youd better have that bad tooth pulled out.你最好把那顆蛀牙拔掉。I must have/get my homework finished first before going out to play.出去玩之前我得把我的作業(yè)先做完。He was about to go on a trip and would have his luggage delivered the next day.他即將去旅行，第二天得去托運(yùn)行李。have sth. to be done 有要做(動(dòng)作不是主語(yǔ)發(fā)

32、出)have sth. to do 有要做(動(dòng)作由主語(yǔ)發(fā)出)have sb./sth. do (將要求已經(jīng))做have sb./sth. doing 讓一直做The old woman _ her handbag _ on her way home yesterday.那位老婦人昨天在回家的路上被偷了手提包。We _ the machine _ the day before yesterday.我們前天請(qǐng)人把機(jī)器修好了。The director had her assistant _ some hot dogs for the meeting.A. picked up B. picks upC

33、. pick up D. picking upIf you have illegal immigrants _ in, many local workers will lose their jobs.A. came B. comingC. to come D. having comehad; stolenhad; repairedC句意：導(dǎo)演讓她的助理為會(huì)議去買一些熱狗。考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的用法。have sb./sth.后可以接do/doing/done三種形式。本句中her assistant與pick up之間是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，表示將來(lái)動(dòng)作，因此用動(dòng)詞原形。而doing表示“動(dòng)

34、作正在進(jìn)行”；done表示“被動(dòng)”，因此排除A、B、D三項(xiàng)。B句意：如果你們讓非法移民不斷涌入，當(dāng)?shù)卦S多工人將會(huì)失業(yè)。考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。該句是have sb. doing“讓某人一直干某事”結(jié)構(gòu)，故選B項(xiàng)。了解句子成分與詞類之間的關(guān)系句子成分可分為主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)。(1)主語(yǔ)(Subject)主語(yǔ)是一個(gè)句子所述說(shuō)的主體。在句子中可以作主語(yǔ)的詞有：名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、v.ing分詞、 不定式、從句等。 To master a foreign language requires time and effort.掌握一門(mén)外語(yǔ)需要花時(shí)間和氣力的。Never in my

35、life have I heard or seen such a thing.我一生從來(lái)未聽(tīng)說(shuō)也從未見(jiàn)過(guò)這種事情。(2)謂語(yǔ)(Predicate)謂語(yǔ)是由一個(gè)動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)構(gòu)成的，一般在主語(yǔ)之后。This book was first published in 1999. 這本書(shū)出版于1999年。They live in the suburbs of Shanghai. 他們住在上海市郊。(3)賓語(yǔ)(Object)賓語(yǔ)是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作所及的對(duì)象。一般在謂語(yǔ)之后。賓語(yǔ)有以下幾種：直接賓語(yǔ)：直接賓語(yǔ)是及物動(dòng)詞的直接對(duì)象?？梢宰髦苯淤e語(yǔ)的有名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、v.ing分詞、不定式和從句。I dont know if the news is true. 我不知道這消息是否真實(shí)。(從句)間接賓語(yǔ)：有些及物動(dòng)詞根據(jù)意義需要有兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)，一個(gè)指人，一個(gè)指物。指人的叫間接賓語(yǔ)，一般用人稱代詞或表示人的名詞表示；指物的叫間接賓語(yǔ)。Ill send Charles another ticket. 我會(huì)把另一張票送給查爾斯。復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)：有些動(dòng)詞除有一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)外，還要有一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，句子的意義才能完整。賓語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)合在一起組成的結(jié)構(gòu)，叫做復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)。They made him captain of the ship. 他們讓他當(dāng)了船長(zhǎng)。 (4)表語(yǔ)(P