2018年高考全國卷1英語試題及答案

1、2018 年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試英語注意事項(xiàng)：1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)填寫在答題卡上。2.回答選擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需改動(dòng)，用橡 皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)。回答非選擇題時(shí)，將答案寫在答題卡上，寫在本試卷上無效。3.考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分 聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）做題時(shí)，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡 上。第一節(jié) （共 5 小題；每小題 1.5 分，滿分 7.5 分）聽下面 5 段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的 A、B、C 三個(gè)選項(xiàng)

2、中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每 段對(duì)話后，你都有 10 秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。例： How much is the shirt?A. 19. 15.B. 9. 18.答案是 C 。5.What is the probable relationship between the speakers?patient.C. 9. 15.1.what will James do tomorrow ?A.Watch a TV program.report.2.What can we say about the woman?A.Shes generour.helpful.3.Whe

3、n does the traif leave?P.comA.At 6:30.4.How does the wonar sRwr?mB.Give a talk.B.Shes curious.B.At8:30.C.Write aC.ShesC.At 10:30.A.By car.B.On foot.C.By bikeA.Classmates.B.Teacher and student.C.Doctor and第二節(jié)（共 15 小題；每小題 1.5 分，滿分 22.5 分）聽下面 5 段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C 三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有

4、時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題 5 秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出 5 秒鐘的 作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽第 6 段材料，回答第 6、 7 題。6.What does the woman regret?A.Giving up her research.B.Dropping out of college.C.Changiny her major.7.What is the woman interested in studying now?A.Ecology. B.Education. C.Chemistry. 聽第 7 段材料，回答第 8、9 題。8.What is the man?C.To ha

5、ve a meal together.A.A hotel manager.9.what is the man doing for the woman?A.looking for some local foods.B.Showing her around the seaside.C.Offering information about a hotel. 聽第 8 段材料，回答第 10 至 12 題。10.Where does the conversation probably takeplace?A.In an office.11.What will the speakers do tomoro

6、w evening?A.Goto a concert.12.Who is Alice going to call?A.Mike .聽第 9 段材料，回答第 13 至 16 題。13.why does the woman meet the man?B.A tour guide.C.A taxi driver.B.At homeC.At a restaurant.B.Visit a friendC.work extra hoursB.JoanC.Catherine .14.What does the woman like about the carpet?聽第 10 段材料，回答第 17 至 20

7、 題。17.Who is the speaker probably talking to?18.When did the speaker take Engishlclasses? wwnA.Before he left his hometown.B.After he came to America.C.When he was 15 years old.19.How does the speaker feel about his teacher?A.Hes proud.B.Hes sympathetic.20.What does the speaker mainly talk about ?A.

8、How education shaped his life.B.How his language skills improved.C.How he managed his business well.第二部分 閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）第一節(jié) （ 共 15 小題；每小題 2 分，滿分 30 分 ）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的 A、B、C 和 D 四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。Washington, D.C. Bicycle ToursCherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.Duration TourThis small group bike tou

9、r is a fantastic way to see a world-famous cherry treeswith beautiful flowers of Washington, D.C. Your guide will provide a history lesson about the trees and the famousmonuments where they blossom. Reserve your spot before availabilityA.Its color.B.Its design.C. Itsquality15.What does the man say a

10、bout thekitchen?A.Its a goodsize. equipped .B.Its newly painted.C. Its adequately16.What will the woman probably donext?A.Go downtown.B.Talk with her friend.C.Make payment .A.Movie fans .B.News reporters.C.College students .C.Hes grateful . the cherry blossomsA. City maps.B. Cameras.disappear!Washin

11、gton Capital Monuments Bicycle TourDuration:3 hours (4 miles)Join a guided bike tour and view some of the most popular monuments in Washington, D.C. Explore the monumentsand memorials on the National Mall as your guide shares unique facts and history at each stop. Guided tour includes bike,helmet, c

12、ookies and bottled water.Capital City Bike Tour In Washington, D.C.Duration:3 hoursMorning or Afternoon, this bike tour is the perfect tour for D. C. newcomers and locals looking to experienceWashington, D.C. in a healthy way with minimum effort. Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most

13、 ,interestingstories about Presidents, Congress, memorials, and parks. Comfortable bikes and a smooth tour route( 路 線 ) makecycling between the sites fun and relaxing.z.xxkWashington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle TourDuration:3 hours(7miles)Join a small group bike tour for an evening of exploration

14、 in the heart of Washington, D.C.Get up close to the monuments and memorials as your bike the sites of Capitol Hill and the National Mall. Frequent stopsare made for photo taking as your guide offers unique facts and history.Tour includes bike, helmet, andbottled water. All riders are equipped with

15、reflective vestsandsafety lights.21.Whichtour do you need to book in advance?A. Cherry Blossom like Tour in Washington, D.C.B. Washington capital Monuments Bicycle Tour.C. Capital City Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.D. Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour.22.What will you do on the Capital C

16、ity Bike Tour?A. Meet famous people.B. Go to a national park.C. Visit well-known museums.D. Enjoy interesting stories.23.Which of the following does the bicycle tour at night provide?Good Morning Britain s Susanna Reid is used to gril ling guests on the sofa every morning, but she is cooking upa sto

17、rm in her latest role showing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget.InSave Money: Good Food, she visits a different home each week and with the help of chefMatt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste, while preparing recipes forunder 5per family a day.

18、 And theGood Morning Britainpresenter says she s been able to put a lot of what she s leant intopractice in her own home,preparing meals for sons, Sam,14, Finn,13, andJack, 11.We love Mexican churros, so I buy them on my phone from mylocal Mexican takeaway restaurant, she explains. I pay 5 for a por

19、tion（ 一份）, but Matt makes them for 26p a portion, because they are flour, water, sugar and oil.Everybody can buy takeaway food,but sometimes we re not awarehow cheaply we can make this food ourselves. The eight-part series（ 系列節(jié)自 ）,Save Money: Good Food, follows in the footsteps ofITVsSave Money: Goo

20、d Health, which gave viewers advice on how to get value from the vast range of health products on themarket.With food our biggest weekly household expense, Susanna and Matt spend time with a different family each week. Intonight s Easter special they come to the aid of a family in needof somedelicio

21、us inspiration on a budget. The team transforms the family s long weekend of celebrationC. MealsD. Safety lightsA. City maps.B. Cameras.her.withlessexpensive butstilltastyrecipes.B. She has started a new programme.D. She has had a light budgetB. He prepares food for her kids.D. He invites guest fami

22、lies forLanguages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there hasbeen less coming and a lot more going. When the the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers,small,tightlyknit ( 聯(lián) 系 )groups developed their own patterns of speechindependent of each other.Some lan

23、guage experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to tenmillion people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and theirlanguages too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent ce

24、ntres, trade,industrialisation. the development ofthe nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education. Especially glbalisation and better communications inthe past few decades,all have caused many Languages to disappear,and dominant languages such asEnglish Spanish and Chinese are incr

25、easingly taking over.At present, the world has about 6 800 languages. The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven. The generalrule is that mild zones have relatively few languages. Often spoken by many people while hot. wet zones have lots, oftenspoken by small numbers.Europe has only aroun

26、d 200 Languages: the Americas about 1,000. Africa 2 400; and Asia andthe Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. The median number (中位數(shù) )of speakersis a mere 6.000, which means that half the worlds languages are spoken by fewer people than that.z.x.xkAlread

27、y well over 400 of the total of, 6,800 languages are close to extinction(消亡 ), withonly a few elderly speakers left. Pick, at random, Busuu in Cameroon (eight remaining speakers),Chiapaneco inMexico(150). Lipan Apache in the United States(two or three)or Wadjigu in Australia (one, with a question-ma

28、rk): none ofthese seems to have much chance of survival.26. What does the author intend to do in paragraph 4?A. Summarize the previous paragraphs.C. Add some background information.discussion.27. What can be a suitable title for the text?A. Keeping Fit by Eating SmartC. Making yourself a Perfect Che

29、fB. Provide some advice for the readers.D.Introduce a new topic forB. Balancing Our Daily DietD. Cooking Well for LessC28. What can we infer about languages in huntergatherer times?A.They developed very fast. B. They were large in number.C. They had similar patters. D. They were closely connected29.

30、 Which of the following best explainsdominant underlined in paragraph 2？A.Complex. B. Advanced.C.Powerful. D.Modem.30. How many languages are spoken by less than 6, 000 people at present?A.About 6 800 B.About 3 400C.About 2.400 D.About 1-20031. What is the min idea of the text?A. New languages will

31、be created.B Peoples lifestyles are reflected in languagesC. Human development results in fewer languagesD. Geography determines language evolution.DWemay think were a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of something shiny and new, but anew study shows that we keep using

32、our old devices（ 裝置 ） well after they go out of style. That s bad news for theenvironment and our wallets as these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that dothe same things.To figure out how much power these devices are using, Callie Babbitt and her colleagues atthe Roches

33、ter Institute of Technology in NewYork tracked the environmental costs for each product throughout its life from when its minerals are mined to when we stop using the device. Thismethod provided a readout for how home energy use has evolved since the early 1990s. Devices were grouped bygeneration De

34、sktop computers, basic mobile phones, and box-set TVs defined 1992.Digital cameras arrived on the scene in 1997. And MP3 players, smart phones, and LCD TVs entered homes in 2002,before tablets and e-readers showed up in 2007.As we accumulated more devices, however, we didnt throw out our old ones. T

35、he living-room television isreplaced and gets planted in the kids room, and suddenly one day, you have a TV in every room of the house, said one weresearcher. The average number of electronic devices rose from four per household in 1992 to 13 in 2007. Were not justkeeping these old devices continue

36、to use them. Accord ing to the an alysis of Babbitts team, old desktop mon itors andboxTVs with cathode ray tubes are the worst devices with their en ergy con sumpti on and con tributi on to gree nhouse gasemissi ons （排放） more tha n doubli ng duri ng the 1992 to 2007 win dow.So whats the solution（解決

37、方案）？The teams data only went up to 2007, but the researchersalso explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with new electronics that serve more than onefunction, such as a tablet for word processing and TV viewing. They found that moreon-dema nd en terta inment viewi ng on tablet

38、s in steadof TVs and desktop computers could cut energycon sumpti on by 44%.32. What does the author think of new devices?A. They are environmen t-frie ndly.B. They are no better tha n the old.C. They cost more to use at home.D. They go out of style quickly.33. Why did Babbitts team con duct the res

39、earch?A. To reduce the cost of min erals.B. To test the life cycle of a product.C. To update con sumers on new tech no logy.D. To find out electricity consumption of the devices.34. Which of the following uses the least energy?A. The box-set TV.B. The tablet.C. The LCD TV.D. The desktop computer.35.

40、 What does the text suggest people do about old electro nic devices?A. Stop using them.B. Take them apart.C. Upgrade them.D. Recycle them.第二節(jié)（共 5 小題；每小題 2 分，滿分 10 分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Color is fun dame ntal in home desig n -someth ing you ll always have in everyroom. A graspof

41、how to man age color in your spaces is one of the first steps to creat ing rooms you ll loveto live in. Do you want a room that s full of life? Professi on al? Or are you just look ing fora place to relax after a long day? 36 , color is the key to making a room feel the way you want it to feel.Over

42、the years, there have bee n a nu mber of differe nt tech niq ues to help desig ners approachthis important point. 37, they can get a little complex .But good news is that there rereally only three kinds of decisi ons you n eed to make about color in your home: the small on es, the medium on es, andt

43、he large on es.38. They re the little spots of color like throw pillows ,mirrors and baskets thatmost of us use to add visualinterest to our rooms .Less tiring thanpainting your walls and lessexpe nsive tha n buying a colorful sofa ,small color choices bring with them the sig ni fica ntben efitof be

44、ing easily cha ngeable .Medium color choices are gen erally furniturepieces such as sofas, dinner tablesorbookshelves 39 ._ They require a bigger commitment than smaller ones, and they have a morepowerful effect on the feeli ng of a space.The large color decisi ons in your rooms concern the walls, c

45、eili ngs, and floors .Whetheryou re looking at wallpaper or paint, the time, effort and relative expense put into it aresig ni fica nt. 40 _A. While all of them are usefulB. Whatever you re looking forC. If you re experimenting with a colorD. Small color choices are the ones we re most familiar with

46、E. It s not really a good idea to use too many small color piecesF. So it pays to be sure, because you want to get it right the first timeG. Color choices in this range are a step up from the small ones in two major ways第三部分語言知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分45分）第一節(jié) 完形填空（共 20 小題；每小題 1.5 分，滿分 30 分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C 和

47、D 四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。During my second year at the city college ， I was told that the education department was offeringa freecourse, called Thi nking Chess, for three credits .I 41 the idea of taking the classbecause ，after all ,who does nt want to 42 a few dollars?More tha n that, Id always wan te

48、dto lear n chess. An d,eve n if Iwere nt43 enough about free credits ,n ews about our 44 was _appeali ng eno ugh to me. He was an intern ati onal gran dmaster,which 45 I would be learni ng from one of the games46 .I could hardly wait to 47 him.Maurice Ashley was kind and smart, a former graduate ret

49、urning to teach, and this 48 was no game for him: he meant bus in ess. In his in troduct ion, he made it 49 that our credits would be hard-ear ned. In order to 50 the class ,a mongother criteria, we had to write a paper on how we plan to 51 what we would learn in class to our future professions and,

50、52 ,toI man aged to get an A in that 53 and learned life less ons that have served me well bey ond the 54 .Ten years after mychess class with Ashley, rm still putting to use what he 55 me:our lives.The absolutemost important 56 thatyou learn when you play chess is how to make good 57 .Onevery single

51、move you have to 58 a situatio n process what your opp onent(對(duì)手)is doing and 59 the bestmove from among allyour options. ” These words still ring truetoday in my 60 as a journalist.41. A. put forwardB. jumped atC. tried outD. tur ned down42. A. wasteB. earnC. saveD. pay43. A. excitedB. worriedC. mov

52、edD. tired44. A. titleB. competitorC. textbookD. in structor45. A. urgedB. demandedC. heldD. mea nt46. A. fastestB. easiestC. bestD.rarest47.A. in terviewB. meetC. challe ngeD. beat48. A. chanceB. qualificationC.honorD. job50. A. atte ndB. passC. skipD. observe51.A. addB. exposeC. applyD. compare52.

53、 A. eve ntuallyB. n aturallyC. directly D. no rmally53. A. gameB. prese ntationC. courseD. experime nt54. A. criteri onB. classroomC. departme ntD. situation55. A. taughtB. wroteC. questi onedD. promised56. A. factB. stepC. mannerD. skill57. A. gradesB. decisionsC. impressi ons D. comme nts58. A. an

54、 alyzeB. describeC. rebuildD.control59. A. announceB. signalC. blockD. evaluate60. A. roleB. desireC. concernD. behavior第二節(jié)（共 10 小題;每小題 1.5 分，滿分 15 分）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1 個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Accord ing to a review of evide nee in a medical jo urn al, runners live three years 61 (Io ng) than non-runn ers. Yo

55、udont have to run fast or for long 62 (see)the benefit. You may drink, smoke,be overweight and still reduce your risk of 63(die) early by running.While running regatesalstly cannt make you live forever, the review says it 64 (be) more effective atlengthening life 65 walking, cycling or swimming. Two

56、 of the authors of the review also made a study published in 201466 showed a mere five to 10 minutes A day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 67(cause)._The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do.But otherwise its probably running.To avoid knee pain,you can run on soft surfaces,do exercises to 68 (stre ngth)your leg muscles(肌肉),avoid hills and get good running shoes. Running is cheap,easy and its always_ 69(en ergy).If you are time poor, you n eed run for only half the time to get the same ben efits as other sports, so perhaps w