高考英語(人教版)要點梳理 重點突破：必修1 Unit 5 Nelson Mandela—a modern hero

1、必修1Unit 5Nelson Mandelaa modern hero 要 點 梳 理高效梳理·知識備考重點單詞1quality n質量；品質；性質2active adj.積極的；活躍的actively adv.積極地activity n活動3devote vt.(與to連用)獻身；專心于devoted adj.忠實的，深愛的devotion n奉獻4found vt.建立；建設5principle n法則；原則；原理6peaceful adj.和平的；平靜的；安寧的peace n和平7legal adj.法律的；依照法律的illegal(反義詞)8hopeful adj.懷有希望

2、的；有希望的hopeless(反義詞)hope n. & v希望9youth n青年；青年時期10vote vt. & vi.投票；選舉 n投票；選票；表決11attack vt.進攻；攻擊；抨擊12violence n暴力；暴行violent adj.猛烈的，兇暴的13equal adj.相等的，平等的equally adv.相等地equality n同等，平等14willing adj.樂意的；自愿的15escape vi.逃脫；逃走；泄露16educate vt.教育；訓練educated adj.受過教育的；有教養(yǎng)的education n教育17beg vi. &

3、; vt.請求；乞求18relative n親戚；親屬relation n關系relationship n關系19terror n恐怖；可怕的人；恐怖時期；恐怖活動terrorism n恐怖主義terrorist n恐怖分子20reward n報酬；獎金 vt.酬勞；獎賞21opinion n意見；看法；主張重點短語1out of work 失業(yè)2as a matter of fact 事實上3in trouble 在危險/受罰/痛苦處境中4turn to 求助于；致力于5lose heart 喪失信心6come to power 當權；上臺7set up 設立；建立8be sentenced

4、 to 被判處(徒刑)9worry about 擔心10be put into prison 被關進監(jiān)獄11blow up 使充氣；爆炸12fight against 對而戰(zhàn)13go against the law 違反法律14be willing to do sth. 樂于干15be active in sth. 積極從事重點句型1The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress, until today we have reached a stage wh

5、ere we have almost no rights at all.過去30年來所出現的大量法律剝奪了我們的權利，阻擋了我們的進步，一直到今天，我們還處在幾乎什么權利都沒有的階段。2.only then did we decide to answer violence with violence. 直到那時我們才決定以暴還暴。3I felt bad the first time I talked to a group. 第一次給旅行團作講解時，我的心情很不好。高考范文假設你是李華，曾在美國學習半年，現已回國。你想聯(lián)系你的美國老師 Mr Smith，但沒有聯(lián)系方式。請根據以下要點給你的美國同

6、學 Tom寫一封信：1感謝Tom對你英語學習的幫助；2詢問Mr Smith 的近況并索要其聯(lián)系方式；3邀請 Tom 在春節(jié)期間來中國感受中國文化。注意：1.詞數120150；2.可適當增加細節(jié)。思路點撥審題可知本題是對書信形式的應用文體的考查。本題要求以李華的名義給美國同學Tom寫信，因此本題需要用第一人稱，時態(tài)主要選用一般現在時；文章應該包括提示要點，并適當增加細節(jié)。格式、語言等方面要符合文體要求，論述要點應簡明扼要。范文Dear Tom，Thank you very much for your kind help when I stayed in America. With your he

7、lp, my English has improved a lot and my teachers and friends are surprised at my fluent English.How is Mr Smith? I want to know something about his life. I tried to get in touch with him, but unfortunately I don't have his address and can't connect with him. Do you have his email address or

8、 his telephone number?The Spring Festival is coming. It is an important traditional festival for Chinese, when all the family members get together. It is like Christmas in the Western countries. Would you like to come to feel the Chinese culture? I am sure you will live happily here and learn a lot

9、of funny things. Besides, I can also show you around some places of interest.Best wishes! I'm looking forward to your reply.Yours，Li Hua考 點 探 究互動探究·能力備考.詞匯短語過關1quality n. 質量；品質；性質，特征quantity n. 數量be of good/bad quality 好/壞的品質be of high/poor quality 優(yōu)/劣質extra fine quality 特等firstrate quality

10、 一等即學即練1(1)He has a watch _.他有只質量好的手表。(2)One _ of wood is that it can burn.木材的一個特性是可以燃燒。(3)It's cheaper to buy goods _.購物的量大就便宜一些。of good qualityqualityin large quantities2devote vt. (與 to 連用)獻身；專心于devoted adj. 熱愛的；忠誠的devoteoneselftime one's life moneyenergytosth.把用在，doing sth. 把獻給sb. be dev

11、oted to 專心致志于；忠于；很喜歡a devoted friend 一位忠實的朋友即學即練2(1)She devoted her lifetime _ homeless children.她把一生用來幫助無家可歸的孩子。(2)His whole life has been devoted _ the origin of cancer.他的一生都獻給了對癌癥起因的研究。(3)After he graduated, he continued to _ research.畢業(yè)之后他繼續(xù)致力于研究工作。to helpingto studyingdevote himself to3vote vt.

12、 & vi.投票，選舉 n投票；選票；表決vote for投票贊成vote against投票反對vote on投票表決vote.down投票擊敗，投票否決vote through投票通過put.to the vote付諸表決，裁決即學即練3(1)Did you _ her？你投了她的贊成票還是反對票？(2)He _ the most promising new director.他當選為最有前途的新導演。(3)The plan was passed by 6 _ 3.這項計劃以6票對3票獲得通過。vote for or againstwas votedvotes to提示：vote

13、for表示“投票贊同”； vote against表示“投票反對”，類似結構還有“be for/against; fight for/against”。4equal vt. 等于；抵得上adj. 相等的；勝任的n. 同等/相等的人或物equality n. 平等A equals B in.A在方面比得上Bbe equal ton./doing sth. 等于；與相等；有的能力(勇氣、力量等)；勝任，能干be without equal/have no equal 無與倫比即學即練4(1)He equals me _ strength but not _ intelligence.他和我力氣相當

14、，但智力不同。(2)Are men equal _ women _ physical strength？在體力上男人和女人相同嗎？(3)She did not feel equal _ visitors.她覺得自己不適合接待來客。(4)Yao Ming is a basketball player _ in China.在中國，姚明是個無與倫比的籃球運動員。inintointo receivingwithout equal5escape vi. 逃脫；逃走vt. 避免；免除n逃跑；逸出；出口escape from 從逃脫，逃走escapen./doing sth. 避免(做)某事a narro

15、w/near escape死里逃生fire escape太平梯，安全梯；安全出口即學即練5(1)The bird has _ its cage.小鳥已從籠中逃掉了。(2)Is the gas _ somewhere?是不是有地方漏氣？(3)How can we escape _/_？我們怎樣才不會被人發(fā)現？(4)His name _ me for the moment.我一時想不起他的名字來。escaped fromescapingobservationbeing observedescapes6reward n. 報酬；獎金；vt. 酬勞，獎賞rewarding adj. 報答的，有益的，值

16、得的as a reward for 作為(對某事的)報酬/獎賞in reward of 為酬謝；作為獎勵reward sb. for sth./doing sth. 為(做)某事而報答某人reward sb. with sth. 用某物獎賞某人即學即練6(1)It's _ virtue.那是對美德的回報。(2)I don't expect anything _； I did it because I enjoyed it.我不指望得到什么報答，我做這件事只是因為我喜歡干。(3)They _ the boy _ 5 _ bringing back the lost dog.他們給

17、了那個男孩五英鎊，酬謝他把走失的狗送回來。a reward forin rewardrewardedwithfor7out of work 失業(yè)out of business 破產；歇業(yè)out of control 失控out of repair 失修out of order 有毛病out of date 過時out of one's reach 夠不著out of danger 脫險out of question 毫無疑問out of the question 不可能的out of patience 失去耐心out of temper 發(fā)脾氣out of mind 心不在焉即學即練7

18、(1)_,_.諺眼不見，心不念。(離久情疏。)(2)Hes been _for six months.他已經失業(yè)六個月了。(3)It is _that he will be admitted into key universities.他能考上重點大學是不成問題的。Out of sightout of mindout of workout of question8in trouble 處在困難/麻煩中(表狀態(tài))get (sb.) into/out of trouble 使(某人)陷入/擺脫困境(表動作)ask/look for trouble 找麻煩make trouble 鬧事；搗亂have

19、 trouble in doing sth. 做某事有麻煩take the trouble to do sth. 不辭辛苦地做某事put sb. to the trouble of doing sth.麻煩某人做某事即學即練8(1)My friends always help me out when I am _(有麻煩時)(2)Dont mention my name, or youll _ (給我惹麻煩)(3)They _(費心地) find the right person.in troubleget me into troubletook great trouble to 9lose

20、heart (be discouraged) 氣餒；灰心；泄氣lose one's heart to sth.(devote oneself to sth.) 把身心投入到lose one's heart to sb. (fall in love with sb.)喜歡即學即練9(1)It is said that the team lost the game simply because the team leader _.據說這個隊比賽輸了就是因為隊長喪失了信心。(2)Dont _； all will turn out well.不要失去勇氣，一切都會好起來的。lost h

21、eartlose heart拓展：put one's heart into 把全部心思放在have sth. in one's heart 把放在心上have one's heart in sth. 對某事有興趣set one's heart on/upon sth. 渴望/熱衷于某事learn.by heart 記住；背誦take heart 振作精神，鼓起勇氣10turn to求助于；致力于turn away拒絕，不準某人入內turn around轉身turn down拒絕；調小turn in上交turn off關掉turn on打開turn out趕出；證

22、明是，結果是turn over翻身，翻轉turn up露面，出現；開大即學即練10(1)Nobody seems to understand. I dont know who to _.似乎沒人懂這個，我不知道該向誰求助。(2)Paul _ alcohol to try to forget his problems at work.保羅借酒消愁，想忘掉工作中的問題。(3)The job _ than we thought.這份工作結果比我們想像的更難。(4)Why did she _ your invitation?她為什么拒絕你的邀請？ turn toturned to drinkingtu

23、rned out(to be) harderturn down11set up 設立；建立即學即練11寫出下列各句中set up的意思。(1)They set up a notice on the wall._(2)They set up a committee to investigate the matter. _(3)Chinese athletes set up quite a few new world records in the 15th Asian Games. _張貼建立創(chuàng)(紀錄)拓展：set about 開始做，著手set aside 使分離；留出；拔出；不理會set ba

24、ck 推遲，阻礙set down 記下；寫下；規(guī)定set off 引起爆炸；動身出發(fā)；引起set out 動身出發(fā)；開始；陳述；陳列.重點句型詳解1.only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.只有到那時我們才決定用暴力反抗暴力。only 修飾的時間、條件和方式狀語，為了強調而提到句首時，句子要用部分倒裝形式，把原句中的情態(tài)動詞、系動詞或助動詞提到主語前面。only 如修飾從句而提到句首，主句要部分倒裝。Only at that time did he realize that he had made a mistake.直

25、到那時他才意識到自己犯的錯誤。Only by practising a few hours every day will you be able to master English.只有通過每天練習幾個小時你才能掌握英語。Only with all your time and energy can you do the job well.只有用上你全部的時間和精力你才能把這項工作做好。Only when I came back was I informed of the news.直到我回來，我才被通知這個消息。Only if I get a job will I have enough mo

26、ney to go to college.我只有找到了工作才有足夠的錢上大學。提示：(1)在部分倒裝句中，如果謂語部分無助動詞，則須找助動詞來“幫助”它構成倒裝句。如：×Only after the war learned he the sad news.Only after the war did he learn the sad news.(2)only 修飾狀語從句時，從句不可倒裝。如：×Only when did he return did we find out the truth.Only when he returned did we find out the

27、 truth.(3)only修飾主語時，句子不可倒裝。如：×Only can he answer the question.Only he can answer the question.即境活用1_ you eat the correct food _ be able to keep fit and stay healthy.AOnly if; will youBOnly if; you willCUnless; will you DUnless; you will解析：“onlyif從句”放于句首，主句用部分倒裝。答案：A2I felt bad the first time I

28、talked to a group. 第一次給旅行團作講解時，我的感覺很不好。the first time 相當于連詞，引導一個狀語從句，意為“第一次”。這類特殊短語還有：(1)each time, every time, next time, last time, any time 等也可以做連詞用，表示“無論何時”“每當”“每次”等，引導一個時間狀語從句。Every time we come to Beijing, we go to visit the Forbidden City. 每次我們去北京，我們都去參觀故宮。I didn't have any penny last tim

29、e I saw you.上次我看見你時，我身無分文。(2)immediately, directly, instantly 可活用為連詞，引導時間狀語從句，表示“一就”，相當于 as soon as。The young man rushed out of the hall immediately he heard the sound.那個年輕人一聽到聲響就沖出了大廳。(3)the moment, the minute, the second, the instant 等名詞短語也可用做連詞，也相當于 as soon as，表示“一就”。The moment Professor Wang app

30、eared on the platform, the audience all stood up and clapped warmly.王教授一出現在講臺上，聽眾就站起來熱烈鼓掌。 (4)the morning/afternoon/evening, the night, the day, the week, the year, the spring/summer/autumn/winter 等一些表示時間段的名詞短語也可以引導時間狀語從句。The morning Mr Smith was walking along the lake, he met an old friend.那天早晨史密斯先

31、生在湖邊散步時遇到了一位老朋友。即境活用2_I toured Zhangjiajie, I was deeply impressed with its beautiful scenery.AFor the first time BAt firstCIt was the first time DThe first time解析：the first time 用做連詞，引導時間狀語從句。答案：D 易 錯 點 撥自我完善·誤區(qū)備考1. reward/award/prize(1)reward 指對某人的服務或工作等的報答，也指因幫助警察抓住罪犯或幫助失主找到東西而得到的獎金、酬金。(2)aw

32、ard 指為鼓勵在工作中達到或完成所提出的要求或條件的人而進行的獎勵，往往強調榮譽而不在乎獎品的多少。(3)prize多指在各類競賽、競爭或抽獎中所贏得的“獎，獎品”。應用1(1)She received a medal as a _ for her courage.她得到一枚獎章，作為對她勇敢的獎賞。(2)A _ was given to the person who had the winning number.獎品給了那個獲得中獎號碼的人。(3)He won the _ for the best student of the year.他獲得本年度優(yōu)秀學生獎。rewardprizeawa

33、rd 2. 名詞短語或副詞做連詞，引導時間狀語從句應用2(1)Betty shows great interest in this poem now, but she thought it boring _ she read it.Aat the first time Bthe first timeCfor the first time Dat first答案：B解析：the first time“第一次時”，引導時間狀語從句。(2)My sister came _ she got my short message.Aexactly BespeciallyCdirectly Dsimply答案

34、：C解析：directlyas soon as“一就”，引導時間狀語從句。(3)He left Europe _ World War broke out.Athe year Bin the yearCduring the year Dfor the year答案：A解析：the year“在這一年”，引導時間狀語從句。高 效 作 業(yè)自我測評·技能備考.單詞拼寫1He was made _(董事長) of the club.2He is the sort of man to be trusted because he always lives up to his _ (原則)3His

35、effort was _ (回報) with great success.4Most children in cities are better _ (教育) than those in the countryside.5He was _ (判刑) to death.presidentprinciplerewardededucatedsentenced 6She cried in t_ when she saw a snake.7Black people are born e_ to the whites so they should share the same rights as them

36、.8This company is more concerned with q_ than with quantity.9He is s_ and he is always thinking of himself.10In my o_， we should put off the sports meeting.terrorequalqualityselfishopinion .單項選擇1As _ matter of fact, _ beauty of _ nature there made an excellent impression on me.Aa; the; /Ba; the; the

37、Cthe; the; / Da; /; the答案：A解析：考查冠詞。as a matter of fact 實際上，事實上；nature 指“大自然”，不用冠詞。2The police _ roadblocks on routes out of the city to prevent the criminal from escaping.Aset up Bset backCset down Dset aside答案：A解析：set up “建立，設立”合題意。set back 阻礙；set down 寫下，記下；set aside 留下。3Although _ my opinion, the

38、 old professor didn't come up with his own.Ain BagainstCfor Don答案：B解析：考查介詞用法。語意：雖然老教授反對我的觀點，但是他也沒有提出自己的觀點。前半句是“Although he was against my opinion”的省略結構。4Did you give the book to him?Yes. I gave it to him _ I saw him.Aonce Bthe momentCwhile Dsuddenly答案：B解析：the moment 用做連詞，引導時間狀語從句，意為“一就”。5They ag

39、reed to the plan _， but there were some details they didn't like.Ain danger Bin peaceCin principle Din common答案：C解析：考查介詞短語。in principle“原則上，大體上”合題意。in danger 危險； in peace 和平；in common 和一樣。6Courage is one of the best _ of a good soldier.Aquality BquantityCqualification Dfeature答案：A解析：指“品質”用 quali

40、ty。B.數量；C.資格；D.特色，特征。7Mr Read made up his mind to devote all he had to _ some schools for poor children.Aset up Bhave set upCsetting up Dhaving set up答案：C解析：句中的 all后面的 he had為定語從句，此題考查動詞短語 devote.to 的用法。to為介詞，排除A、B兩項。set up schools的動作并未發(fā)生，排除D項。8Fitness is important in sport, but of at least _ import

41、ance are skills.Afair BreasonableCequal Dproper答案：C解析：be of equal importance 具有同等的重要性。9You were lucky to escape _.Apunished Bfrom punishingCbeing punished Dfrom being punished答案：C解析：escape being punishedescape punishment 逃過受罰。10 It is said that the police have offered a large _ for information leadi

42、ng to the robber's arrest.Aaward BprizeCreward Dwelfare答案：C解析：指“獎賞、酬金”用 reward。11In 2009, 3.88 million students graduated from colleges and universities, _ 20% increase from 2008, some of whom remain out of _work.A/; / Ba; /Ca; the Dthe; /答案：B解析：第一空表示“一個20%的增長率”用a；第二空 out of work “失業(yè)”。12When _ g

43、reat trouble, you should learn to make the quick choice without someone to turn _ for advice.Ain; down Bin; toCinto; up Dunder; to答案：B解析：考查固定搭配。 in trouble處在困難中；turn to sb. for sth. 向某人請求某物/事。13Only _ as an interpreter _ how important it was to practise speaking English.Awhen I worked; I realizedBwh

44、en did I work; did I realizeCwhen I work; did I realizeDwhen I worked; did I realize答案：D解析：當only出現在句首修飾時間狀語從句時，主句應使用部分倒裝。14. The old man told us not to remain _ there was danger.Ain which Bthe place whereCat the place Dwhere答案：D解析：考查 where 引導的地點狀語從句，此時不能換成 in which，相當于 at the place where/in which。15

45、_， and Charles felt hopeless.ASentenced to deathBAs he was sentenced to deathCSentencing to deathDHe was sentenced to death答案：D解析：考查句式用法。由于有連詞 and，故選D。 .完形填空When I was young, I really doubted whether there was love between my parents. Every day they were busy earning money so that they could _1_ the

46、 high tuition my brother and I needed. They didn't _2_ in the romantic ways that I read in books or saw on TV.One day, Mom was sewing a quilt(被子). I _3_sat down beside her. “Mom, I have a _4_ here，” I said after a while. “Is there love between you and Dad？” I asked her in a very _5_ voice.Mom st

47、opped her work and raised her head with _6_ in her eyes. She didn't answer immediately. She bent her head and continued to sew the quilt. I was _7_ if I had hurt her. I was in great embarrassment and I was at a loss what to do. But at last she said, very _8_ , “Susan, look at this _9_. Sometimes

48、 it appears, but most of it disappears in the quilt. The thread really makes the quilt strong and lasting. If _10_ is a quilt, then love should be a thread. It can hardly be seen, but it's really there. _11_ is inside.” I listened carefully but I couldn't understand her until years later.One

49、 day, Dad accidentally got_12_ while on duty. Ever since then he could no longer_13_ properly. Every morning and dusk Mom would help Dad walk slowly on the country road. Along the country road, there were beautiful flowers, green grass and trees. The leaves were gently glistening _14_ the sun shinin

50、g upon them. All of these made up the most beautiful _15_ in the world. “Dad, how are you feeling now？” I asked him one day. “Susan, don't worry about me，” he said gently. “I just like walking with your mom. I like this kind of life.” Looking into his eyes, I_16_ what they meant.The doctor had s

51、aid Dad would _17_in two months. But that day never came. He _18_ away in peace. _19_ I thought love meant flowers, gifts and sweet kisses. But from this _20_ , I understand that love is just a thread in the quilt of our life, which makes life strong and warm.1A.afford BcostCspend Doffer2A.go BliveCact Dwalk3A.happily BsilentlyCsecretly Dnervously4A.request BproblemCmessage Dquestion5A.loud BlightClow Dclear6A.surprise BangerCstress Dh