how to write asummary 詳細

1、1Summary?2Summary A bridge between reading and writing what is a summary?3Definition of a summary A summary is a shortened version of the original.highlight the major points get the gist(main points) in a short period of time.be written in your own words4Differences between summary and abstract summ

2、ary 概要、概括總結(jié) abstract 論文摘要Abstract is a short-clear-high pointer. Summary is a little detailed out version of abstract. A summary reflects what the original contains, whereas an abstract reflects what the original is about. A summary contains the meat of the original, whereas an abstract contains onl

3、y its skeletal structure.5e.g: a movie it is goodorit is a love story abstract there is a hero falls in love with a girl,he chases her,then they get married etc. summary when you write a paper, an abstract is needed, but you dont need to write a summary. We can say summary is a kind of tool . 6Chara

4、cteristics of a good summarya summary must be comprehensivea summary must be concisea summary must be coherenta summary must be independent7上一頁上一頁Dos and donts when writing a summaryl the length of a summary: one-third to one-quarter of its original size.l a summary is writen in your own words, not

5、in the words of the original selection. l a summary gives only main points of the text.l you should decide what type of a summary based on the needs for the reader. 8Styles of passagestylesfunctionsargumentation(議論文)show the writers points of viewnarration(記敘文)describe a person or an event, with aft

6、erthoughtsexposition(說明文)introduce something or phenomenon9Steps of summary writingreadingwritingmodifying10First: reading 1. Skim and scan the text to identify the topic and to understand how the information has been organized. 2. Reading carefully. Make a note of the writers main points in your ow

7、n words.11Second: writing 1. use your own words 2.write in the third person - the passive voice (被動語態(tài))12Third: modifying1. omit repetition and details 2. revise the writing until you are sure that you have an accurate summary which flows logically.13Some skills of writing a summarySkill 1 : Omit the

8、 detailsSkill 2 : Omit the repetitionsSkill 3 : Omit the examplesSkill 4 : Use general (概括性) words instead of specific (具體的) wordsSkill 5 : Put the main points of a dialogue in the passive voiceSkill 6 : Find out the topic sentence or the key words14Some examples1. You can think of a way to manage y

9、our temper. Here are some tips: 1) We should try to calm down and figure out what we are really upset about. 2) Keep a diary. It can help you understand more about yourself and your feelings. 3) We can try to talk with our best friends to release stressful emotions. Summary: Skill _There are many ti

10、ps for you to manage your temper.3: Omit the examples15 2. Nowadays more and more teenagers try to be more independent from their parents and sometimes become very rebellious. They always want to wear long and strange hair style, which their parents complain about a lot. They also spend too much tim

11、e on the Internet and playing computer games.Summary: Skill _ Nowadays, there is an increasing tendency that more and more teenagers try to behave independently and differently.1: Omit the details163. Kate looked at Paul disapprovingly, “You put too salt on your food, Paul. Its not at all good for y

12、ou!” Paul put down his knife and frowned, “Why on earth not! If you didnt have salt on your food it would taste awful like eating wood or sand just imagine bread without salt in it!”Summary: Skill _ Kate asked Paul not to use too much salt on his food and told him many disadvantages of it.5 : Put the main points of a dialogue in the passive voice174.She brought a lot of vegetables such as cabbage, carrots, cucumbers, tomatoes, potatoes and some eggs. She intended to invite all his friends for her birthday party at the weekend. Summary: Skill _ To hold her birthday party at the weekend,