新標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語(yǔ)第四冊(cè)英語(yǔ)文化知識(shí)中英文

1、新標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語(yǔ)第四冊(cè)文化知識(shí)教材資源匯編青島銀海學(xué)校module1：weather1.weather in the UKThe northern part of the UK is wetter than the sorth but many other countries have quite similar levels of rainfall.However,British weather is unpredictable. The weather can change very quickly because the changes can come from various direct

2、ions. Sometimes from the south, especially in southern Europe will bring warm weather.And sometimes from the east and the north will bring cold weather.With so many weather fronts,its difficult to the weather.Britain seems to suffer more and more of the many storms and attacks. In the summer of 2004

3、, a short period of time a wide range of rainfall led to serious landslides and floods. The people living in some villages of southern England at forced to leave their homes for two weeks. Britains climate is warming. The hottest temperature is the United Kingdom in 2003 died at Kent Record Gravesen

4、 to 38.1 .Snow in Scotland more than England. Since the majority of the Scottish Highlands region and more than on the North of England. In recent years, the coldest winter in 1947 and 1963. In 1947, from January 22 to March 17, Snow in some areas of the United Kingdom continuously. Temperature high

5、er than 0 there is little time. In 1963, a decrease in snow, but temperatures are much lower. Generally speaking, the United Kingdom is still very mild winter, even at night the temperature rarely have time to less than 0 .The United Kingdom because the weather changes so frequently, so the weather

6、is always an important topic of conversation. If you have the opportunity to play the United Kingdom, please be prepared to meet all kinds of weather. 2.weather in AmericaThe United States the vast territory (nearly Chinese), a variety of weather. Along the Florida coast of the United States are one

7、 of the warmest, where the temperature rarely below 20 , are warm all year round.San Francisco is located on the west coast almost all year-round climate has not changed, the total at about 22 .San Francisco, many questions are a lot of foggy weather, almost hard to see the blue sky. In fact, for th

8、is reason, there is usually also the cold winter than in summer.New York is located in the east coast of the warm and humid climate, but in the winter is cold, and snows often.1英國(guó)的天氣英國(guó)的北部地區(qū)比南部地區(qū)要濕潤(rùn)，很多其他的國(guó)家也有著相似的降雨量。然而，英國(guó)的天氣是難以預(yù)測(cè)的，因?yàn)樽兓梢詮暮芏嗖煌姆较虻絹?lái)。有時(shí)從南方，特別是南歐地區(qū)會(huì)帶來(lái)溫暖的天氣，而有的時(shí)候從東方和北方又會(huì)帶來(lái)寒冷的天氣。在有著如此多的氣團(tuán)鋒

9、面的情況下，預(yù)測(cè)天氣是很困難的。英國(guó)似乎遭受到越來(lái)越多的風(fēng)暴和襲擊。在2004年夏天，短時(shí)期內(nèi)廣泛的降雨導(dǎo)致了塌方和嚴(yán)重的洪災(zāi)。生活在英格蘭南部一些村莊的人們被迫離開(kāi)家園，時(shí)間長(zhǎng)達(dá)兩個(gè)星期。英國(guó)的氣候也在變暖。英國(guó)的最高溫度是2003年在肯特郡的格拉夫森死去記錄到的38.1。降雪在蘇格蘭比英格蘭更多見(jiàn)，因?yàn)樘K格蘭的大部分地區(qū)都是高地，而且比英格蘭更靠北。近年來(lái)最冷的冬季出現(xiàn)在1947年和1963年。在1947年，從1月22日到3月17日，英國(guó)的某些地區(qū)降雪不斷。氣溫很少有高于0的時(shí)候。而在1963年，降雪量有所減少，但氣溫卻更低。一般說(shuō)來(lái)，英國(guó)的冬天還是很溫和的，即使是夜里的溫度也很少有低于0

10、的時(shí)候。因?yàn)橛?guó)的天氣變化如此頻繁，所以天氣總是談話中的重要話題。如果你有機(jī)會(huì)去英國(guó)游玩，請(qǐng)做好準(zhǔn)備迎接各種天氣。2美國(guó)的天氣美國(guó)國(guó)土遼闊（幾乎和中國(guó)相當(dāng)），氣候也多種多樣。佛羅里達(dá)海岸沿線是美國(guó)最暖和的地區(qū)之一，這里的溫度很少到20以下，常年都很暖和。位于西海岸線的舊金山整年氣候幾乎都沒(méi)有變化，總在22左右。問(wèn)題是舊金山多霧天氣很多，幾乎很難見(jiàn)到藍(lán)天。實(shí)際上，因?yàn)檫@個(gè)原因，這里通常夏天比冬天還冷。位于東海岸的紐約氣候溫暖濕潤(rùn)，但在冬天特別冷，而且經(jīng)常下雪。氣溫： 英國(guó)的氣溫還是比較適合人生活的，不是很熱，也不是很冷。 數(shù)據(jù)： 英國(guó)平均氣溫是14.8C， 最高氣溫是27.4C（7月底）， 最低

11、氣溫是-4.0C（1月初） 氣溫的月度變化，全年有一半時(shí)間都被定義為雨天，確實(shí)讓人大吃一驚。 數(shù)據(jù)： 全年有184個(gè)雨天， 主要是1月，2月，10月，11月，12月降水較多（每月有20天雨天） 4月，8月，9月降水相對(duì)較少（每月有小于10天雨天） 5，6，7月有15天左右的雨天 1,2,7,11,12月的降水量比較大（大于90mm一個(gè)月） 12月總降水量為171.7mm. Module2 ：FamilyTV in the UK and the USAIn the UK and the USA, apart from the country to provide free television

12、channel other than a lot of people will watch pay TV channels. Bought a home 3-10 television channels are no longer unusual economical.With the increase of time watching TV, there is a lot of questions. UK average family 26 hours a week to look at television. In the United States, some figure is eve

13、n higher: approximately a week to look at women more than 30 hours of television. This means that the people sitting at more and more a long time, so that the cause of many people more and more obesity, lack of exercise. In the United States, every day the children watch about 3-4 hours of televisio

14、n. Some scientists think will be watching TV too much slack in childrens attention, they cause the loss of social skills. People have worried about the violence on television will have a negative impact on children.Pay television channel from now on money than they make more money from the ads on. W

15、ith the television channels and services increase, more families will put more money and time spent on watching TV.In the UK, television is a big education component. BBC will provide schools with a lot of special events, evening television program will broadcast English Open University (School of D

16、istance Education) curriculum of the television. Open University Student Housing section of the directory, you can speak on it, look at the future.Now there is some set up specifically for teachers to pay channels, which also can use the lessons taught by a teacher program. Since the Government to e

17、ncourage teachers to adopt this technology, so schools have begun to purchase these services.英國(guó)和美國(guó)的電視 在英國(guó)和美國(guó)，除了國(guó)家電視臺(tái)提供的免費(fèi)頻道以外，很多人都會(huì)看付費(fèi)電視頻道。一個(gè)家庭買(mǎi)下30至100個(gè)頻道的電視節(jié)目是再尋常不過(guò)的了。 隨著人們看電視時(shí)間的增加，又出現(xiàn)了許多問(wèn)題。英國(guó)平均每家人一周要看26小時(shí)電視。在美國(guó)這個(gè)數(shù)字還要高一些：女性大概每周要看30多個(gè)小時(shí)的電視。這意味著人們?cè)谧牡臅r(shí)間越來(lái)越長(zhǎng)，這樣就導(dǎo)致了越來(lái)越多的人過(guò)于肥胖缺乏運(yùn)動(dòng)。在美國(guó)，孩子們大概每天看3至4個(gè)小時(shí)的電視。

18、部分科學(xué)家認(rèn)為看電視太多會(huì)引起兒童的注意力渙散，導(dǎo)致他們喪失社交能力。還有人擔(dān)心電視上的暴力鏡頭會(huì)對(duì)兒童產(chǎn)生負(fù)面影響。 電視公司現(xiàn)在從付費(fèi)頻道上賺的錢(qián)比他們從廣告上賺的錢(qián)更多。隨著電視節(jié)目頻道和服務(wù)的增加，更多家庭將會(huì)把更多的金錢(qián)和時(shí)間花在看電視上。 在英國(guó)，電視也是教育的一個(gè)很大的組成部分。BBC為學(xué)校提供了很多特別節(jié)目，晚上電視節(jié)目里也會(huì)播放英國(guó)開(kāi)放大學(xué)（遠(yuǎn)程教育學(xué)校）的電視課程。開(kāi)房大學(xué)的學(xué)生可以講節(jié)目錄下來(lái)，以后再看。 現(xiàn)在有一些專(zhuān)門(mén)為教師設(shè)立的付費(fèi)頻道，里面還有教師上課可以使用的節(jié)目。因?yàn)檎膭?lì)教師采用此項(xiàng)技術(shù)，所以學(xué)校也開(kāi)始購(gòu)買(mǎi)這些服務(wù)了。Module3：Activities1.

19、sending cards：Birthday cards sent to the British people than the situation in other European countries have universal, there is a lot of Monopoly in the United Kingdom and other types of greeting cards birthday greeting card store.When people move, get drivers licenses, sick, birthday or Christmas d

20、ay, the English are in the habit of sending greeting cards to convey.Tradition of sending greeting cards dates back to 200 years ago. Card has a brief written language - is usually a verse or. Now the card is usually sent to some funny things.Birthday card will have some mention of the people now su

21、ffer Card Vending number, such as a horse and they enjoy football and other singers.Many people enjoy sending e-cards. These cards are sent by e-mail. Recipient usually receive a web site link, there is usually open after Friends Writing words and some music.2.Birthday traditions in some countriesTh

22、e first child have a birthday party in Germany, called the feast of childrens wish (Kinderfeste).Canadian tradition of birthday: put butter on hand at the nose, so the devil will not follow you.In India, the birthday of the children will give him / her chocolate hair students.Birthday every year in

23、Scotland the day the children will be 1, saved up to bring good luck.The custom of the United Kingdom are put in a birthday cake at a number of small things. What if you discovered, it indicates that you will affect the future. For instance, if you found a coin, you will become very rich future.New

24、Zealanders birthday is the unpleasant House singing birthday. And according to the birthday persons age, with everyone clapping.Children in South Africa over 21-year-old birthday, which will get a key.1 送賀卡 英國(guó)人送生日賀卡的現(xiàn)象比其他歐洲國(guó)家都要普遍，在英國(guó)有很多專(zhuān)賣(mài)生日賀卡和其他類(lèi)型賀卡的商店。 當(dāng)有人搬家，考到駕照，生病，過(guò)生日或圣誕節(jié)時(shí)，英國(guó)人都習(xí)慣送卡片傳達(dá)問(wèn)候。 送賀卡的傳統(tǒng)可追

25、朔到200年前?？ㄆ袑?xiě)有簡(jiǎn)短的文字-通常是是個(gè)或者韻文?，F(xiàn)在送的卡片通常是些搞笑的東西。還有一些生日卡會(huì)提現(xiàn)售卡人的挨號(hào)，比如馬了足球和他們喜歡的歌星等。 許多人喜歡發(fā)送電子賀卡。這些卡是通過(guò)電子郵件來(lái)發(fā)送的。收卡人通常收到的是一個(gè)網(wǎng)址鏈接，打開(kāi)后通常有朋友寫(xiě)的話和一些音樂(lè)。2一些國(guó)家的生日習(xí)俗第一個(gè)兒童的生日聚會(huì)產(chǎn)生于德國(guó)，叫做“兒童的祝宴（Kinderfeste）。加拿大人過(guò)生日的傳統(tǒng)是：把黃油抹在鼻子上，這樣惡魔就不會(huì)跟著你了。在印度，過(guò)生日的小朋友會(huì)給他/她的同學(xué)們發(fā)巧克力。蘇格蘭的小朋友每年生日的那天都會(huì)得到1英鎊，積攢起來(lái)以帶來(lái)好運(yùn)。英國(guó)的習(xí)俗是在生日蛋糕里放一些小東西。如果你發(fā)

26、現(xiàn)了什么，就預(yù)示著會(huì)影響你的未來(lái)。比如，如果你發(fā)現(xiàn)了一枚硬幣，你將來(lái)就會(huì)變得很富有。新西蘭人過(guò)生日，則是把生日歌唱得很難聽(tīng)刺耳。然后根據(jù)過(guò)生日的人的年齡，大家一起鼓掌。南非的孩子過(guò)21歲生日那天，會(huì)得到一把鑰匙。Module4：telephoneChinese restaurant in the UK and USAIn the United Kingdom and the United States, the majority of Chinese restaurants for customers to have the opportunity to be able to eat with

27、 chopsticks. The majority of British people and Americans are eating Chinese food with chopsticks, but some people are still accustomed to using knives and forks.In the United Kingdom, Chinese restaurants and India are the most popular restaurants in the United Kingdom the vast majority of cities an

28、d towns have at least a Chinese restaurant. Chinese food is also very popular outside, you can put them back home to eat. At the weekend, especially their own people do not want to cook and eat Chinese food outside of the more popular.In the United Kingdom is the place most restaurants in Chinatown

29、(唐人街), it is located in central London. Chinatown is a very popular tourist attractions, restaurants and shops can be seen everywhere.At the weekend its very busy. At Chinese New Year, when all the streets here have been disguised as a new one, especially beauty. In Chinatown, all the street names a

30、re used in both Chinese and English writing.In the United States, New York, San Francisco and Los Angeles have very big Chinatown.英國(guó)和美國(guó)的中餐館 在英國(guó)和美國(guó)，大部分中餐館都能讓顧客有機(jī)會(huì)用筷子吃飯。大多數(shù)英國(guó)人和美國(guó)人吃中餐時(shí)都用筷子，但有些人仍習(xí)慣用刀叉。在英國(guó)，中餐館和印度餐館是最受歡迎的，在英國(guó)的絕大部分城鎮(zhèn)里至少都有一家中餐館。外面中餐也非常流行，你可以把它們帶回家里吃。尤其是在周末人們都不想自己做飯，吃外面中餐就更加受歡迎了。 英國(guó)中餐館最多的地方就

31、是唐人街（Chinatown），它位于倫敦市中心。唐人街是一個(gè)很受歡迎的旅游景點(diǎn)，餐館和商店隨處可見(jiàn)。周末這里非常忙。在春節(jié)的時(shí)候，這里所有的街道都被裝扮一新，顯得格外美麗。在唐人街，所有的街道的名稱(chēng)都是用中英雙語(yǔ)書(shū)寫(xiě)的。 在美國(guó)的紐約，舊金山和洛杉磯都有很大的唐人街.Module5：gamesGamesClapping gamesIn Western countries,girls often play clapping Games, this game is generally carried out at the playground. Sometimes this game is no

32、t music, but the rhythm is not a very important aspect. A lot of games have their origins in Europe, and even some of the history of the Games can be traced back to ancient Rome. All along, the girls were at play this game, especially the 7-12 year-old girl, always playing clapping games.StampCircle

33、 of people take part in the game, the goal of the game is step on other peoples feet, but you have to turn to when you step on the foot can go. When people want to step on your feet, you can only go through one leg to avoid, if you were to step on, and you will be eliminated, and the last person to

34、win is not the person to step on the foot.Note:You must be careful not be stamp hard or it will hurt the other peoples.Bulldog20 Children stand around one side of the field to act as a bulldog for the children of these people standing around outside the 10 meter to act as a bulldog shouted the child

35、ren: Bulldog! These children are want to go the other side of the playground, but should not be acting like the bulldog to seize the children, if caught, it caught the child serve as a bulldog Game re-start, has been carried out.Hide-and-seekChildren must first select a person to seek, and then back

36、 to the Children U.S., at Camp a few number of other children to hide within the allotted time, then the person responsible for looking Children: Ready ? want me to find the beginning! then start looking for the child on the U.S., at other kids do not want the case was found to return to the base ca

37、mp , if it is found, then the people looking for children to be responsible for; if every children are safe to return to the base camp, then the child should continue to be responsible for finding people. After two rounds of change.Cat and mouseFirst of all, into a circle around the children, with t

38、wo articles, one called Cat (cat) and another called Mouse (Mouse). The children then Mouse in the circle transmission, spread half of the time, began to Cats to-and-mouse, cat can be changed at any time put to來(lái)捉mouse, in order to avoid being caught, mouse should be try to keep at Cats the opposite.

39、Whats the time ,Mr Wolf?First of all, a child selected to serve as Mr. Wolf, standing on other child from the Mr. Wolf place outside the 10 meter, and then, Mr. Wolf with his back to other children, the children began to ask: Whats the time , Mr Wolf? if Mr. Wolf , said: Its four oclock. Children on

40、 the move, Mr. Wolf go step-by-step four. To do so for several times, to a certain time, Mr. Wolf on the replied: Its dinner time. At this point, Mr. Wolf Children task will be turned, if caught, then caught The Children on the act as Mr. Wolf to continue the game.Red letterOrganizers from the alpha

41、bet letters in a randomly selected as the red letters. If the red letters are m, then the next game should not be used on the m, the organizers of the other children stand 10 meters away from the place, when the organizers say, when a letter (such as r ), if the childs first name which contains two

42、r , the organizers of the Child to the two steps forward, who come to the organizers of the first side, will win.游戲拍手游戲西方國(guó)家的女孩常玩拍手游戲，這種游戲一般在操場(chǎng)上進(jìn)行。這種游戲有時(shí)并沒(méi)有音樂(lè)的伴奏，但節(jié)奏一定是非常重要的一個(gè)方面。很多游戲都起源于歐洲，有些游戲的歷史甚至可以追溯到古羅馬。一直以來(lái)，都是女孩在玩這種游戲，尤其是7至12歲的女孩經(jīng)常玩拍手游戲。踩腳游戲參加游戲的人圍成一圈，游戲的目標(biāo)是踩別人的腳，但必須要輪到你踩的時(shí)候你才可以去踩。當(dāng)別人要踩你的腳時(shí)，你只能單

43、腿跳著避開(kāi)，如果你被踩到了，你就被淘汰了，最后獲勝的人就是沒(méi)有被踩到腳的人。注意：踩的時(shí)候不要太用力，以免誤傷他人。牛頭犬游戲大約20個(gè)孩子站在操場(chǎng)的一邊，充當(dāng)“牛頭犬”的孩子面向這些人，站在大約10米以外的地方，充當(dāng)“牛頭犬”的孩子大喊：“Bulldog！”這些孩子都要跑到操場(chǎng)的另一邊，但不能被充當(dāng)“牛頭犬”的孩子抓住，如果被抓住，就有被抓住的孩子充當(dāng)“牛頭犬”，游戲重新開(kāi)始，一直進(jìn)行下去。捉迷藏游戲首先必須選定一個(gè)孩子負(fù)責(zé)找人，然后這個(gè)孩子背對(duì)大家，在“大本營(yíng)”數(shù)數(shù)，其他的孩子要在規(guī)定的時(shí)間內(nèi)藏起來(lái)，接著負(fù)責(zé)找人的孩子就喊：“準(zhǔn)備好了嗎？我要開(kāi)始找了！”于是這個(gè)孩子就開(kāi)始去找大家，其他的孩

44、子要在不被發(fā)現(xiàn)的情況下回到“大本營(yíng)”,如果被發(fā)現(xiàn)，那么就由該孩子來(lái)負(fù)責(zé)找人；如果每個(gè)孩子都安全地回到“大本營(yíng)”，那么這個(gè)孩子就要繼續(xù)負(fù)責(zé)找人。兩輪之后換人。貓捉老鼠游戲首先孩子們圍坐成一圈，拿著兩個(gè)物品，一個(gè)叫“Cat(貓)”，另一個(gè)叫“Mouse（老鼠）”。然后孩子們現(xiàn)將“老鼠”在圈內(nèi)傳遞，傳到一半時(shí)，開(kāi)始傳“貓”來(lái)捉老鼠，“貓”可以隨時(shí)改變放向來(lái)捉“老鼠”，為避免被捉到，“老鼠”應(yīng)盡量保持在“貓”的對(duì)面。Whats the time ,Mr Wolf?首先選定一個(gè)孩子充當(dāng)“狼先生”，其他的孩子則站在距離“狼先生”10米外的地方，然后“狼先生”背對(duì)著其他孩子，孩子們開(kāi)始問(wèn)：“Whats th

45、e time ,Mr Wolf?”如果“狼先生”說(shuō)：“Its four oclock.”孩子們就朝著“狼先生”走四步。連續(xù)這樣做幾次，到一定時(shí)候，“狼先生”就回答道：“Its dinner time.”此時(shí)，“狼先生”就會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)身來(lái)抓孩子，如果被抓到，那么被抓到的孩子就充當(dāng)“狼先生”繼續(xù)游戲。紅字母組織者從字母表中任意選出一個(gè)字母作為“紅字母”。假如“紅字母”是“m”，那么接下來(lái)的游戲中就不能用到“m”，其他孩子站在離組織者10米遠(yuǎn)的地方，當(dāng)組織者說(shuō)出一個(gè)字母的時(shí)候（例如“r”），如果哪個(gè)孩子的名字里含有兩個(gè)“r”，則該孩子向組織者前進(jìn)兩步，誰(shuí)最先走到組織者身邊，誰(shuí)就獲勝。Module6：Rou

46、tines1.Instruments children learn in the UK and the USAThe United Kingdom and the United States at the most popular instruments are the guitar. It is popular because of the impact of modern music: from the 20th century, the 50s marked the beginning of the band have a lot of guitarist. Guitar cheap,

47、easy to carry, so a lot of schools have to provide the guitar curriculum for pupils. Although it is very difficult to bomb the best instruments to master some basic skills is very easy.Piano and organ is also very popular. Around 40 years ago, if primary school children study a selection of instrume

48、nts, then they would choose many of the piano, but now has changed.Singing lessons are also a great demand. One reason is that OK from the impact of the Japanese karaoke karaoke OK now in the United States and the United Kingdom are very popular in many bars, karaoke clubs are performing OK. Some pe

49、ople also purchase a karaoke machine on the home OK.Another reason is that young people in television programs popular singing competition. At the end of each show, the audience will be a vote winner. This person will normally be contracted to make the number of record companies considerable money.2

50、.Weekend activities in the UKWatching footballEating out ,eg.going to Chinese,Indian or Thai restaurants.ShoppingWalkingVisiting historic houses and castlesWatching vidios and DVDsEating takeaway food 1 英國(guó)和美國(guó)學(xué)的樂(lè)器 在英國(guó)和美國(guó)最流行的樂(lè)器是吉他。它的流行是因?yàn)楝F(xiàn)代音樂(lè)的影響：自20世紀(jì)50年代開(kāi)始許多注明的樂(lè)隊(duì)都有吉他手。吉他便宜，容易攜帶，所以很多學(xué)校都為小學(xué)生提供吉他課程。雖然這是

51、很難彈好的的樂(lè)器，掌握一些基本的技巧還是很容易的。 鋼琴和電子琴也很流行。大約40年前，如果孩子小學(xué)選擇學(xué)習(xí)一門(mén)樂(lè)器的話他們多本會(huì)選鋼琴，不過(guò)現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)改變了。 歌唱課現(xiàn)在的需求也很大。一個(gè)原因是來(lái)自日本卡拉OK的影響現(xiàn)在卡拉OK在美國(guó)和英國(guó)都很流行，在許多酒吧，俱樂(lè)部里都有卡拉OK表演。一些人還購(gòu)置了卡拉OK機(jī)放在家里。 另一個(gè)原因是電視節(jié)目中年輕人歌唱比賽的流行。在每個(gè)節(jié)目的結(jié)束，觀眾還會(huì)投票產(chǎn)生一個(gè)獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)?。這個(gè)人通常會(huì)簽約唱片公司賺取數(shù)目可觀的錢(qián)2英國(guó)人的周末活動(dòng) 看足球比賽 外出就餐，如去中國(guó)，印度或泰國(guó)餐廳 購(gòu)物 散步 餐館古建筑，城堡等 看碟 吃快餐Module7：Childrens

52、 DayPicnicPicnic (野餐) from the law are perhaps the word piquenique. The term first appeared in writing, are perhaps the French in the 17th century. But it was not until the 18th century picnic first appeared in English textbooks. Usually expressed in the wild scenery and pleasant place to eat.Some f

53、amilies often go back home park picnic. It is always a picnic at the public areas, permanent wooden tables and stools have. If there is no table, a picnic at the people in general will be a table cloth on the ground floor, put food on the middle, people are sitting around the dinner cloth.The 18th c

54、entury, the French royal parks open to the public, ordinary people can also go to these parks picnic.Habits of American Independence Day - that is, at the annual July 4th picnic to go out that day to show to celebrate.Typically, people will be on a picnic with food made of wicker basket. American ea

55、ting habits are picnic roast chicken and potato salad. Now, people still eat these foods, as well as corn, hot dogs, fruit and home-made lemonade.Most easy of the picnic food is sandwiches and fruit. People also enjoy with cheese, fruit, bread and wine.野餐 “picnic（野餐）一詞大概是來(lái)源于法語(yǔ)“piquenique。這個(gè)詞第一次以書(shū)面形式

56、出現(xiàn)大概是在17世紀(jì)的法國(guó)。但是直到18世紀(jì)picnic一次才出現(xiàn)在英語(yǔ)課本中。通常表示在野外風(fēng)景宜人的地方吃東西。 一些家庭經(jīng)常回去公園野餐。在人們經(jīng)常野餐的公共區(qū)域，常設(shè)有木質(zhì)餐桌和凳子。如果沒(méi)有餐桌，野餐的人們一般會(huì)在地面上鋪上一張桌布，把食物放在中間，人則坐在餐布的四周。 18世紀(jì)，法國(guó)的王室公園對(duì)公眾開(kāi)放，普通民眾也可以到這些公園野餐。 美國(guó)人的習(xí)慣在獨(dú)立日-即每年的7月4日這天外出野餐，以示慶祝。 通常，人們會(huì)將野餐的食物放在用柳條編的籃子里。美國(guó)人習(xí)慣野餐是吃烤雞和土豆沙拉?，F(xiàn)在，仍有人吃這些食品以及玉米，熱狗，水果和自制的檸檬水。 最簡(jiǎn)單的野餐食物是三明治和水果。人們也喜歡帶奶

57、酪，水果，面包和酒。Module 8 : London TransportThe UndergroundThe nimber of kilometres travelled by each London Underground train in one year is 117,600 km. The total number of passenagers carried on the trains each year is 976 million.The average train speed is 33 km per hour and the trains travel over a network of 408 km. Forty-five percent of the network is in tunnels. The longest continuous tunnel is from East Finchley to Morden and stretches 27.8 km.There are 410 escalatora in the London stations and the station with the most escalators is Wa