新概念英語38課

1、L38 Everything except the weatherThe sights in MediterraneanMediterranean meditreinin (the ) 地中海 Mediterranean n.地中海（=Mediterranean sea, 位于歐, 亞, 非三大洲之間）, 地中海沿岸的居民 adj.地中海的, 地中海民族的地中海氣候?qū)儆谙募狙谉岣稍?，冬季溫和濕潤的氣候類型。分布于南、北?040間的大陸西岸，如美國加利福尼亞州的太平洋沿岸，智利沿海，澳大利亞南部沿海地區(qū)和非洲南部的開普敦地區(qū)。以地中海地區(qū)最為典型。氣候溫和濕潤。冬季氣溫510，夏季2127As

2、 is know to all ,a typical English gentleman usually takes an umbrella with him.Similarly,when people there meet others,they usually begin with the weather .Let us have a testHere are some proverbs,guess the right meaning.Its rianing cats and dogs.下得傾盆大雨A misty morning may have a fine day.早晨有霧露，可能是晴

3、天。A good winter brings a good summer瑞雪兆豐年 Complain抱怨complain v. 抱怨 complain to sb. 向某人抱怨 complain of/about sth. 抱怨某事 我們沒有什么可發(fā)牢騷的 We have nothing to complain of. 不要向我抱怨了！ Dont complain to me !continuously adv. 不斷地，連續(xù)地 （指動作中間沒有間斷） 你不許連續(xù)看很長時間的電視。 You mustnt watch TV for such a long time continuously. 這

4、架飛機可以連續(xù)飛行20小時。 This plane can fly continuously for twenty hours. continually adv. 頻繁地，反復(fù)地 （指動作中間有間斷但又持續(xù)很久） 天頻繁地下雨。 It rained continually. 小嬰兒不停地哭。 The baby cries continually.Rain continuely 不斷地下雨except prep. 除了以外except /besides/apart from/but 1) besides 表示“ 以外，（還，也）（包括）” 除了英語，他們還學(xué)習(xí)數(shù)學(xué)、醫(yī)學(xué)和化學(xué)。 Besides

5、English, they also study math, physics and chemistry . 2) except表示“除外”（不包括） 除了星期天，他每天早上都起得很早。 He gets up early everyday except Sunday.except prep. 除了以外except /besides/apart from/but 3）apart from既可以包括也可以不包括 除了這封信，我什么都不知道。 Apart from this letter, I know nothing. 4)but 常與 no， nobody all, everywhere等連用

6、除了主席，所有的人都準時在這兒。 They were all there on time but the chairman.bitterly adv bitter adj a. 生氣、沮喪 對于失去工作他們感到非常的生氣。 They are very bitter about losing the jobs. b. 苦的 那藥嘗起來是苦的。 The medicine tasted bitter. c. 表示“令人不舒服的冷、刺骨的冷”。 課文中bitterly cold是“副詞形容詞”的用法，同樣是表示“非常冷、令人不舒服的冷、刺骨的冷”的意思。 bitterly disappointed 徹

7、底的失望Bitterly cold 刺骨的冷Sunshine 陽光sunshine n 陽光也可直接用 “sun” 表示陽光 a drop of sunshine一縷陽光 sunrise日出 sunset日落 suntan曬黑 dawn黎明 dusk黃昏 no soonerthan 一就（關(guān)聯(lián)詞，引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句。 主句里常用過去完成時，than后面的從句用一般過去時 had no sooner donethan +一般過去時, 固定用法 (時態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu): 完成時態(tài)+ than + 一般過去時) 他一到就打電話給我。 He had no sooner arrived than he called

8、me up. no sooner 放在句首就要倒裝 No sooner had he arrived than he called me up. (倒裝) 他一開始講話就被打斷了。（倒裝句） No sooner had he begun speaking than he was interrupted. more than 表示“超過的范圍” 這條新聞我難以相信。 This piece of news is more than I can believe. I cant afford it. It is more than I can afford. hardlywhen 還沒來得及就， 用法

9、同no soonerthan hardly had sb done when (hardly在句首, 要倒裝) 當(dāng)被打暈的時候，他還沒來得及睜開眼睛。 He had hardly opened his eyes when he was knocked out.（knock out : 打暈, 擊倒） Hardly had he got into the bus when it began moving.as if( sometimes subjunctive mood )他裝作好像認識我一樣。他裝作好像認識我一樣。He acts as if he knew me.(事實上并不知道我)他們對待我

10、好像陌生人一樣。They treat me as if I were a stranger. 天好像要下雨了。It looks as if it is going to rain (天要下雨)連詞連詞as if/though引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句，通常跟引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句，通常跟在在描述行為舉止的動詞描述行為舉止的動詞之后，如之后，如act，appear，feel，look，smell，sound等后面。等后面。（Simple past tense 一般過去時）一般過去時）1. He has heard the song before.（Present perfect tense 現(xiàn)在完成時）現(xiàn)在完成

11、時）3. He said he had heard the song two years before.（Past perfect tense 過去完成時）過去完成時）2. He heard it two years ago.Present perfect tense 現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu)： 助動詞助動詞have/has+have/has+動詞的過去分詞動詞的過去分詞用法用法1 1：1. I have already finished my homework.表示過去發(fā)生的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造表示過去發(fā)生的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果成的影響或結(jié)果NP PF3. He

12、 _ (lose) his key , and he cant get into his house now.has lost2. I have never seen him before.現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時用法用法1 1：already, yet, just, ever, never, before表示過去發(fā)生的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造表示過去發(fā)生的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果成的影響或結(jié)果時間狀語：時間狀語：兩兩 “ “去去”Have/ has been (to) Have/ has gone (to) 去過某地去過某地去了某地去了某地have/ has been in 來來/去去/到到/在某

13、地在某地他來中國兩年了他來中國兩年了He has been in China for two years.have/ has been (to) have/ has been (to) 去過某地去過某地我以前從未去過那兒他們?nèi)ミ^英國兩次了你曾經(jīng)去過美國嗎？你去那里了？我去老師辦公室了I have never been there before.I have been to England twice.Have you ever been to the USA?- Where have you been? - I have been to the teachers office.another

14、placehave/ has gone to 去了某地去了某地1.Tom isnt here. He _ Beijing.2. - Where is Mr. Li? - He _ Beijing, and he will come back in two weeks.has gone tohas gone to another place用法用法2： 表示過去已經(jīng)開始，并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在（包表示過去已經(jīng)開始，并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在（包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)）的動作或狀態(tài)括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)）的動作或狀態(tài)NP PF F時間狀語：時間狀語：1. for+一段時間一段時間2. since過去時間點過去時間點yesterdaylast t

15、hree days ago1997this morningthensince過去時句子過去時句子3.how long3.how longsince I was born現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時We have learned English for six years.He has worked in the factory since he left school.They have lived in Beijing since 1980.How long have you studied in this school?現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時用法用法2：1.1.我們學(xué)英語六年了我們學(xué)英語六年了2.2

16、.自自19801980年起他們就住在北京了年起他們就住在北京了3.3.自他畢業(yè)起他就在這個工廠工作了自他畢業(yè)起他就在這個工廠工作了4.4.你在這個學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)多長時間了你在這個學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)多長時間了havekeepbe away (from)be in be onbe deadbe a member ofbe inbe in 遇到表示一段時間的時間狀語遇到表示一段時間的時間狀語,瞬間動詞必須改瞬間動詞必須改成延續(xù)性動詞或短語。成延續(xù)性動詞或短語。buy _ borrow _ begin _ leave _ die _ come/ go to _join _ arrive at/ reach/ get

17、to _現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時用法用法2：現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時時間狀語：時間狀語：in the past / last few yearsrecentlyin recent years / months / daysby now / so far / up to nowPlease translate the sentences into English1.1.李雷買這本字典李雷買這本字典3 3天了。天了。 Lilei _ for three Lilei _ for three days.days.2. 2. 他們搬到這兒他的爺爺就去世了他們搬到這兒他的爺爺就去世了His grandfather

18、 _since His grandfather _since they moved here.they moved here.3. 3. 他兩年前就離開家鄉(xiāng)了他兩年前就離開家鄉(xiāng)了He _ since He _ since two years ago.two years ago.has had the dictionaryhas been deadhas been away from his hometownLets do some exercises:Lets do some exercises:hasnt beenhas snowedhas developedhas turned1. The

19、re _ (not be) much rain in my hometown since the beginning of this month. (2005無錫市中考）無錫市中考）2. It _ （snow) twice in his hometown since a week ago. (2006無錫市中考）無錫市中考）3. So far, China _ (develop) about 1,360 kinds of green food. (2007無錫市中考無錫市中考）4. Look, the small park here _ (turn) into a threater.past

20、perfect tense 過去完成時過去完成時過去完成時過去完成時結(jié)構(gòu)：結(jié)構(gòu)： 助動詞助動詞had + 動詞的過去分詞動詞的過去分詞用法一：用法一： 動作在過去某一時間或動作之前已經(jīng)動作在過去某一時間或動作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成，動作發(fā)生的時間是發(fā)生或完成，動作發(fā)生的時間是“過過去的過去去的過去”PNF時間狀語：時間狀語：by +by +過去時間過去時間 , by the time +, by the time +過去時的句子過去時的句子, ,when / before +when / before +過去時的句子過去時的句子過去完成時過去完成時用法一：用法一：4. By the end of

21、last year, they had built more than ten bridges. 3. She had to go back to shool, because she has left her book there.2.The train had already left when arrived at the station.1. She had been a model before she became a Hollywood superstar.動作在過去某一時間或動作之前已經(jīng)動作在過去某一時間或動作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成，動作發(fā)生的時間是發(fā)生或完成，動作發(fā)生的時間是“過過去的過去去的過去”用法二：用法二：過去完成時過去完成時表示從過去某一個時候開始持續(xù)到過表示從過去某一個時候開始持續(xù)到過去的另一時間動作或狀態(tài)去的另一時間動作或狀態(tài)1. The film had been on for ten minutes when we arrived at the cinema.2. She had worked in the factory by the end of last year.P