人教版英語(yǔ)選修七-Unit2-Robots-知識(shí)點(diǎn)及語(yǔ)法歸納

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上核心單詞 1. desire n. 渴望 vt. 想要 常用結(jié)構(gòu)： desire sth. 渴望得到某物desire to do sth. 希望/渴望做某事 desire that sb. (should) do 要求 have a desire for sth./to do sth. 渴望得到某物/希望做某事 at ones desire 照某人的希望 We all desire happiness and health.我們都希望幸福健康。 Everyone has a desire for success, but not everyone desires to

2、 get rich.每個(gè)人都渴望成功，但并非人人都渴望金錢。 He desires you to go to see him at once. =He desires that you should go to see him at once. 他要求你馬上去見(jiàn)他。 翻譯句子 （原創(chuàng)） 他想接受大學(xué)教育。 他們要我快點(diǎn)回來(lái)。 我請(qǐng)他立即回信。 她要你立即見(jiàn)她。 她應(yīng)邀演奏了一曲。 解析：He desired a college education. They desire me to return soon. I desire an immediate answer of his. She d

3、esires that you (should) see her at once. She played a piece at othersdesire/by desire. 2. alarm n.警報(bào) vt.使驚恐 We were much alarmed by the fire in the forest. 森林失火使我們大為驚慌。 常用結(jié)構(gòu)： give /raise the alarm 發(fā)警報(bào) ring the alarm 敲警鐘sound the alarm 發(fā)警報(bào); 吹警報(bào)號(hào) take (the) alarm at 對(duì)感到吃驚; 因而驚恐 be alarmed at . 被嚇一跳 A

4、s soon as he saw the smoke, he sounded the alarm. 一看見(jiàn)煙霧，他就鳴響了警報(bào)。翻譯句子 看到孩子們?cè)诜敌r(shí)遭遇車禍的消息，家長(zhǎng)們很害怕。 看到大火，社區(qū)的居民發(fā)出警報(bào)。 答案：The parents took (the) alarm at the news that their children caught a traffic accident when returning the school.The residents in the community raised the alarm when seeing the great fire

5、. 3. accompany vt. 陪伴 常用結(jié)構(gòu)： accompany sb. to a place 陪伴某人去某地 accompany sth. with/by sth. 與同時(shí)存在 He accompanied his old father to the hospital to see whats wrong with his stomach. 他陪他的老父親去醫(yī)院查看胃部出了什么問(wèn)題。 Thunders accompanied by heavy rain in this season are very common. 這個(gè)季節(jié)，雷鳴常常伴有大雨。翻譯句子 總統(tǒng)出現(xiàn)了,被六個(gè)健壯的保鏢

6、護(hù)隨著。 回到家鄉(xiāng)，他的老同學(xué)們陪著他參觀了這個(gè)城市。 答案：The president appeared and was accompanied by six strong bodyguards. When returning hometown, he was shown around the city accompanied by his old classmates. 4. envy n.& vt. 妒忌；羨慕 常用結(jié)構(gòu)： envy sb. doing/for sth. 忌妒或羨慕某人做某事 with envy 羨慕地；忌妒地 be the envy of 是令人羨慕/忌妒的事物

7、 out of envy 出于妒忌 I envy you having such a good friend! 我羨慕你有這么一位好朋友！ They looked at her new car with envy. 他們羨慕地看著她的新車。 He was filled with envy of me at my success. 他十分羨慕我的成功。 They only say such unkind things about you out of envy. 他們純粹出于忌妒才說(shuō)你這些壞話。聯(lián)想拓展 envious adj. 羨慕的； 妒忌的 be envious of 妒忌；羨慕翻譯句子

8、她出于忌妒說(shuō)了關(guān)于你的這些話。 湯姆妒忌他哥哥事業(yè)上的成功。 答案：She said these words about you out of envy. Tom was envious of his brothers success in business. 重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ) 5. reach for 伸手碰到/去拿/夠到 He reached for his gun when he heard the enemys sound. 當(dāng)他聽(tīng)到敵人的聲音時(shí)就伸手去拿自己的槍。 He reached into his pocket for his keys. 他把手伸到口袋里找鑰匙。 聯(lián)想拓展 reach

9、 to 達(dá)到；觸到 within/out of/beyond ones reach 在某人伸手可及/夠不到的距離 單項(xiàng)填空 I keep medicines on the top shelf, out of the childrens_.（2010·01·江蘇徐州檢測(cè)） A. reach B. hand C. hold D. place 解析：選A?？疾楣潭ù钆洹ut of ones reach意為“在某人伸手夠不到的距離”；符合句意“孩子夠不著”。 6. test out 考驗(yàn)；試驗(yàn) This model had been tested out before it wa

10、s put into production.這個(gè)型號(hào)經(jīng)過(guò)試驗(yàn)后才進(jìn)行大批量生產(chǎn)。 Before the lecture, the professor is used to testing out the whole experiment. 上課前，這個(gè)教授習(xí)慣先將整個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)試驗(yàn)一番。 聯(lián)想拓展 test on sb./sth. 在(身上)做實(shí)驗(yàn)/試驗(yàn) have/take a test in 參加考試翻譯句子 成千上萬(wàn)的人們將參加這周日的公務(wù)員考試。 那個(gè)咨詢顧問(wèn)總是先將新的政策在他自己的公司里進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)。 答案： Tens of thousands of people will take an e

11、ntrance test for government officers this Sunday. The consultant always testing the new policy on his own company first.7. ring up 打電話給 On arriving at the airport, he rang up his mother to say everything was OK. 一到達(dá)機(jī)場(chǎng)，他就打電話給母親報(bào)平安。 聯(lián)想拓展 ring back 回電話 ring off 掛斷電話;停止講話 ring a bell 喚醒(經(jīng)常是模糊的記憶) ring u

12、p the curtain 開(kāi)始(一場(chǎng)演出，一個(gè)事件或一次行動(dòng)) I have to ring off now because my friend is waiting for me. 我朋友在等我，我得掛電話了。翻譯句子 今早他剛起床就有人給他打電話了。 見(jiàn)到老板進(jìn)來(lái)，他趕緊掛斷電話假裝在工作。 答案：The moment he got up this morning, someone rang him up. Seeing his boss coming, he hurried to ring off and pretended to be working. 8. leave .alone

13、 不打擾 Leave him alone and he will produce. 別打擾他，他會(huì)寫出來(lái)的。 You shouldnt have left Andy alone in the mountains, it was very dangerous. 你不該將安迪一個(gè)人留在山上，因?yàn)槟菢臃浅ＮｋU(xiǎn)。 聯(lián)想拓展 leave behind 留下,遺留 leave aside (把某事)擱置一邊 leave for 出發(fā)前往 leave out 省去;遺漏;不考慮 He was asked to leave for another city in 24 hours. 他被要求24小時(shí)內(nèi)離開(kāi)到另

14、一個(gè)城市去。 The teacher required us to leave out some unnecessary words in our essays. 老師讓我們將論文中一些不必要的詞語(yǔ)省去。翻譯句子 老板攜款潛逃了，只留下一間空廠房。 聽(tīng)到警報(bào)，警察丟下家人沖出去看發(fā)生了什么事。 答案：The boss escaped with all his fortune and left an empty factory behind. Hearing the alarm, the policeman left his family behind and rushed out to see

15、 what happened. 9. set aside 將放到一邊；節(jié)省或保留（錢或時(shí)間）；暫時(shí)不考慮 He set all offers aside. 所有的提議他都置之不理。聯(lián)想拓展 set down 記下，寫下 set off 動(dòng)身;爆炸 set out 出發(fā)；開(kāi)始做 set up 創(chuàng)立，建立；豎起 He set off for work. 他動(dòng)身去上班。單項(xiàng)填空 Try to _at least an hour each day for learning new vocabulary. （2010·01·山東煙臺(tái)檢測(cè)） A. set off B. set out

16、C. set aside D. set down 解析：選C。句意為：爭(zhēng)取每天至少抽出1小時(shí)時(shí)間學(xué)習(xí)新詞匯。set aside為某種目的留出、撥出（金錢、時(shí)間）等，符合句意。 10. turn around 轉(zhuǎn)向 He heard a voice but when he turned around, he saw nobody. 他聽(tīng)到一個(gè)聲音，但轉(zhuǎn)身卻沒(méi)發(fā)現(xiàn)有人。 As he walked towards the hotel, he suddenly turned around and found an old lady following him. 當(dāng)他朝旅館走去時(shí)，突然轉(zhuǎn)身發(fā)現(xiàn)一個(gè)老婦人

17、跟著他。 聯(lián)想拓展 turn away 把(臉)轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)去 turn against 背叛；反抗 turn on/off 打開(kāi)/關(guān)掉 turn up 出現(xiàn);調(diào)大(音量) turn down 拒絕;調(diào)小(音量) turn out 結(jié)果是;證明是翻譯句子 那個(gè)年輕的女士無(wú)法想像要是她的丈夫背叛她的話會(huì)是怎么樣。 雖然貧窮，但是女孩毅然地拒絕了別人的幫助。 答案：The young lady cant imagine what if her husband turns against her. Though poor, the girl turned down othershelp firmly. 重點(diǎn)

18、句型 11. Claire didnt want the robot in her house, especially as her husband would be absent for three weeks, but Larry persuaded her that the robot wouldnt harm her or allow her to be harmed. 克萊爾并不想把機(jī)器人留在家里，特別是在她丈夫離別三周的這個(gè)期間。但是，克萊爾被拉里說(shuō)服了。他說(shuō)，機(jī)器人不會(huì)傷害她，也不會(huì)讓別人來(lái)傷害她。 to be harmed為動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 All these gifts

19、 must be mailed immediately so as to be received in time for Christmas. 所有的這些禮物必須馬上郵寄，以便在圣誕節(jié)時(shí)及時(shí)收到。 It remains to be seen whether Jimll be fit enough to play in the finals. 吉姆最后是否適合演出仍將拭目以待。翻譯句子 小湯姆假裝被射中了哭喊著要糖吃。 此藥得一日三次，飯后服用。 答案： Little Tom pretended to be shot and cried for a candy. The medicine is

20、required to be taken three times a day after meals. 12. As she turned around, there stood Gladys Claffern. 當(dāng)她轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)身時(shí)，（她發(fā)現(xiàn)）Gladys站在那兒。 there stood Gladys Claffern為倒裝句。在謂語(yǔ)為動(dòng)詞go, come, run, stand, live等表示位置轉(zhuǎn)移的動(dòng)詞及be動(dòng)詞的句子中,為了強(qiáng)調(diào)句子中一些副詞there, here, up, down, in, out, away等，可將副詞置于句首，若這時(shí)主語(yǔ)是名詞，句子用全倒裝；若是代詞，則不用倒裝。

21、 There comes the teacher and her students. 老師和她的學(xué)生們來(lái)了。 Out rushed the boys.男孩們沖了出去。翻譯句子 年輕的母親抱著懷里兩個(gè)月大的嬰兒跑開(kāi)了。(用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)) 生氣的老板和他的秘書(shū)走了進(jìn)來(lái)。 答案： Away ran the young mother with a two-month-old baby in her arms. In came the angry boss and his secretary. Period 3 GrammarTeaching aims 1Revise the passive voice(i

22、ncluding the infinitive) and know the exact meaning of the structure. 2Be able to use the useful wordsexpressions and structures correctly. Teaching procedures Step 1 Revision Ask students to answer the following questions without referring to the textbook. 1What was going to be tested out by Larry&

23、#39;s wifeClaire? 2How did Larry Belmont finally persuade his wife to accept the experiment? 3How did Claire feel when she was offered sympathy by a robot? 4What did Tony expect to do about the house before he was to leave and Larry was to return? 5How did Claire feel when she was envied by those wo

24、men? 6What happened to Tony at last? Suggested answers 1The robot was going to be tested out by Larry's wifeClaire. 2Larry persuaded her that the robot wouldn't harm her or allow her to be harmed. 3She thought it was ridiculous to be offered sympathy by a robot. 4Tony expected the house to b

25、e completely transformed. 5She felt it a sweet victory to be envied by those women. 6Tony had to be rebuilt. Step 2 Grammar learning 1不定式的被動(dòng)形式 當(dāng)不定式與邏輯主語(yǔ)之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)即不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)是不定式所表示動(dòng)作的承受者不定式一般要用被動(dòng)形式。其被動(dòng)式可以分為兩種一般式和完成式。 (1) 一般式to be done表示不定式動(dòng)作在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之后或者同時(shí)發(fā)生。 It is a great honor_to_be_invited_to speak here.

26、 很榮幸被邀請(qǐng)?jiān)谶@里講話。 The novel is said_to_be_published_next month. 據(jù)說(shuō)這本小說(shuō)下月要出版。 (2) 完成式to have been done表示不定式動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前。 The book is said to_have_been_translated_into six languages. 這本書(shū)據(jù)說(shuō)已經(jīng)被翻譯成六種語(yǔ)言。 The boss preferred_to_have_been_given_more work to do. 老板寧愿被分給更多的工作做。 被動(dòng) 一般式 to be done 完成式 to have been do

27、ne 2.不定式被動(dòng)形式的作用 (1)作主語(yǔ) It's an honor to_be_invited to the ceremony.很榮幸被邀請(qǐng)赴宴。 It's a pity to_be_kept in the house in such fine weather. 在這樣好的天氣被關(guān)在家里真是遺憾。 (2)作表語(yǔ) The letter is_to_be_sent_by airmail. 這封信箋要空郵。 (3) 作賓語(yǔ) She didn't like to_be_treated as a child. 她不喜歡被當(dāng)成孩子。 The boy asked to_be_g

28、iven an opportunity to try again. 那男孩要求給他再試一次的機(jī)會(huì)。 (4)作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) I'd like my bedroom to_be_cleaned. 我想整理一下我的臥室。(5)作定語(yǔ) He was the last one_to_be_asked to speak at the meeting.他是最后一個(gè)在會(huì)上被邀請(qǐng)發(fā)言的人。(6)作狀語(yǔ) His mother left the small village never_to_be_seen again. 他母親離開(kāi)了那個(gè)小山村再也沒(méi)有人見(jiàn)過(guò)她。 3不定式有些要注意的地方 (1) 感官動(dòng)詞和一些

29、使役動(dòng)詞的不定式的主動(dòng)形式要省去to但在變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)后需要加上to能這樣用的動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞詞組有makehaveletseehearnoticelisten towatch等。如 We often see him act like that.He is often seen to act like that. 我們常?？吹剿菢幼觥?(2)在can't help buthave nothing to do but結(jié)構(gòu)中介詞but后的不定式省去to。如 I can't_help_but suspect his motive. 我不禁懷疑起他的動(dòng)機(jī)。 I have_nothing_to

30、_do_but_watch TV. 我沒(méi)什么事情可做除了看電視。 (3)不定式有時(shí)要用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義 形容詞以及含有形容詞的名詞后的不定式一般用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義其中形容詞常見(jiàn)的有easydifficultimportantimpossible等。如 The work is impossible_to_finish in two days. 工作不可能兩天之內(nèi)完成。 English is not so easy_to_learn. 英語(yǔ)并不好學(xué)。 一些固定用法如“挨罵受責(zé)備受批評(píng)” 用be to blame“(東西等)出租”用to let。 He is to blame for wha

31、t he has done. 他應(yīng)為他所做的受責(zé)備。The house is to let.房子要出租。 Step 3 Exercises1The crowd cheered wildly at the sight of Liu Xiangwho was reported _ the world record in the 110meter hurdle race. Abreaking Bhaving broken Cto have broken Dto break 2I like getting up very early in summer.The morning air is so go

32、od _. Ato be breathed Bto breathe Cbreathing Dbeing breathed 3_ the project as plannedwe'll have to work two more hours a day. ACompleting BComplete CCompleted DTo complete 4Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couplebut it remains_ whether they will enjoy it. Ato see Bto be seen C

33、seeing Dseen 5I hurried to the meeting hallonly_ that the meeting had been put off. Ato tell Bto be told Ctelling Dtold 6Do let your mother know all the truthshe appears_ everything. Ato tell Bto be told Cto be telling Dto have been told 7Little Tom should love_ to the theater this evening. Ato be t

34、aken Bto take Cbeing taken Dtaking 8It is said that plastics can be used to_ many things.Now people are used to_ plastics products. Amakeusing Bmakingusing Cmakinguse Dmakeuse 9With a lot of problems_the newlyelected president is having a hard time. Asettled Bsettling Cto settle Dbeing settled Keys1

35、5 CBDBB 69 DAAC Step 4 Drilling Ask students to do Exercise 1 on Page 14 and then check the answers together. Keys Exercise 1 be tested outbe harmedbe offeredwas amazedwas not allowedbe discoveredbe completely transformedwere impressedbe enviedbe rebuilt Ask students to do Exercise 2 and then check

36、the answers together. Keys Exercise 2 1to be designed 2.to be rebuilt 3.to be accompanied 4.to be known as 5.to be filled with 6.to be tested out 7.to be envied 8.to be set aside Step 5 Using the passive infinitive Translate the following sentences into English using the passive infinitive.1那本關(guān)于圣經(jīng)的書(shū)需要在這個(gè)周末之前