英語選修11Units15全冊知識點匯總新人教版

1、選修11 Units1-5全冊知識點匯總（新人教版）Unit1scarce adjmake oneself scarce 離開，退避That bird has become scarce in this country. Food and water are scarce and expensive in the flooded area.scarcely adv. 表示“幾乎不，僅僅”，與when連用時，意思和“hardlywhen”相同都表示“一就”，置于句首時，用部分到狀結(jié)構(gòu) He had scarcely escaped when he was recaptured =Scarcely

2、 had he escaped when he was recaptured(重新捕獲) I scarcely have leisure time to play tennis this afternoon.=Scarcely do I have leisure time to play tennis this afternoon.treaty n。條約，協(xié)定be in treaty with 和 . 交涉中，make treaty 立約, 訂合同，The peace treaty between the two countries was signed.He had no difficult

3、y in persuading parliament to approve the treaty.insure v.表示“給保險，確保”，常與against連用，即insure sb. against sth.It is advisable to insure your life against accident. Carefulness insures you against errors. insurance n. 表示“保險”an insurance company 保險公司 have insurance for sth 投保 I bought another safety lock a

4、s an additional insurance against thieves. He claimed to be an insurance salesman but later was found to be a fraud.consultant n. 表示“顧問, 商議者, 咨詢者”The consultant committee met at the call of the chairman.I work as a consultant with an overseas investment company.consult vt. 表示“查閱；咨詢”consult sb. about

5、 sth 向某人咨詢某事，I consulted George about buying a car.Before going on a diet, it is advisable to consult your doctor. consultation n. 表示“商量，咨詢會”， The doctors held a consultation to decide whether an operation was necessary.extensive adj“廣大的, 廣闊的, 廣泛的”，extensive reading 泛讀The school has extensive playin

6、g fields.Scientists has done extensive research into the causes of cancer.extent n. 表示“程度，范圍，大小”；to a great extent “在很大程度上” The complains were to a large extent valid. 投訴大體上都是有根據(jù)的。to some/a certain extent “在某種程度上”I agree with you to some extent.extend vi 表示“擴展，延伸” He extended his arms in front of hi

7、m as if he were praying to God.wipe out1) 徹底摧毀；徹底消滅We want to wipe out the world hunger by the year 2010.2）（用布）擦凈內(nèi)部Just wipe out the fridge with the damp cloth(濕布子) 3）是筋疲力盡The early-morning meeting really wipe me out.take over表示“接管/接任什么”，Can you take over the cooking while I walk the dog?Jane took o

8、ver as director after her father retired. 相關(guān)短語： take away 帶走，拿走；take down 記下，寫下：take for當(dāng)作；誤認(rèn)為；take in收留，收容，欺騙 ；take off脫掉，起飛；take on 呈現(xiàn)； take up開始從事；專注于；not to mention “不必提及，更不必說”dont mention it 表示“不用謝，不客氣” The weather here is excellent, not to mention the wonderful food.Thanks for your help. Dont

9、mention it.mention vt. 表示“提到；說到” Because the tree was mentioned in a newspaper, the number of visitors to the garden hasnow increased. On the telephone, he mentioned that he had been ill. get around1)走動，旅游At the age of 85 Milly still get around very well.2)消息等）傳播It didnt take long for the news of hi

10、s resignation to get around.不久，大家就都知道了她辭職的消息。3)找到解決問題的辦法There are ways of getting around the tax rules.短語：get around to （doing）sth. 做事先計劃好的事情I meant to call you, but somehow I never got around to do it.我本想給你打電話，但不知為什么就沒打成。We must get around to cleaning those windows.我們必須開始擦這些窗戶了。Unit2detectiven. 表示“

11、偵探”，也可以用作adj. 表示“偵探的”，Im reading a detective story about Sherlock Holmes.The police sometimes asked the private detective called Sherlock Holmes for help.detect vt. 表示“發(fā)覺; 偵查; 探測”，detect sb. in (doing). 發(fā)覺某人在做(壞事) We have the technology which can detect the earthquakes.The dentist could detect no de

12、cay（齲齒） in her teeth.Do I detect a note of irony in your voice? 聽起來你是在說反話吧？stain n.a stain on sb.'s character /reputation 聲譽上的污點； stainless adj. 純潔的，無污點的 There was a dark stain on the carpet. A stain caused by blood is hard to remove.stain vt. vi.表示“污染；玷污”，be stained with sth 污染了某物 The coffee st

13、ained his shirt brown. =His shirt was stained brown with the coffee.abnormal adj表示“不正常的，反常的”，如: We do not think such an abnormal phenomenon will last long. That he didnt come was simply abnormal.abnormality n. 表示“異常; 變態(tài)，異常的人或物”，abnormally adv. “反常地, 不規(guī)則地”，如：Both children have abnormally high levels

14、of lead in their blood. emergency n. 表示“突然事件; 緊急情況”，in an emergency 遇到緊急情況，如: It is illegal to use the fire alarm except in an emergency.The club is facing a financial emergency now.emergence n. 表示“出現(xiàn)，被認(rèn)可，擺脫”，常與介詞of , from連用，如：The emergency of English as an international language makes it become mor

15、e important.The companys emergency from bankruptcy(破產(chǎn)) became a pensate v.“補償，彌補”，與介詞for 連用，compensate sb. for 為向某人賠償, 如：This payment more than compensates for what we have lost.They were not likely be compensated for the damage to the pensation n. 表示“補償，賠償（金）”in compensation for

16、 以.為報酬， She was awarded $200,000 compensation fir injuries. Equal compensation should be given to men and women for equal work.surplus adj表示“過剩的, 剩余的”，只作定語，be surplus to requirement 供過于求， They should use the surplus cash to help the people who need it.Lose those surplus fats with our new diet plan.用

17、作名詞，表示“過剩，剩余” Keep one of the liquid and throw away the surplus.Congress is debating whether to spend the budget surplus.remark n. 表示“議論, 評論”,也用作名詞，make a remark 發(fā)表評論， This is quite delicious” , she remarked to her host.People often remark on how alike John and his brother look.remarkable adj. 表示“值得

18、注意的， 顯著的” The play has been a remarkable success. It is remarkable that no one has complained about this system before.candidate n. 表示“候選者，應(yīng)試者”，常與介詞for連用 The candidates must have the ability to speak another foreign language fluently.It is the first time that he has become the candidate for the awar

19、d for best actor.furnish v. 表示“供應(yīng), 供給；為配備”be furnished with 配備 All the parents will furnish all their children need. The house is well furnished, which must have cost a lot of money. furniture n. 家具，不可數(shù)名詞，如：a piece of furniture 一件家具;a set of furniture 一套家具compensate v.“補償；彌補” 經(jīng)常和介詞for 連用This payment

20、 more than compensates for what we have lost.這一項付款用來彌補我們的損失綽綽有余。Lack of confidence is often compensated for by an aggressive manner.信心的缺乏往往會用咄咄逼人的姿態(tài)來掩飾。compensation n. “補償金；賠償金”give sb. compensation trend n.“潮流；趨勢”后面常和介詞to/toward搭配，有時也用inWe have seen a trend towards more violent films this year.我們看到

21、今年電影有向更加暴力的方向發(fā)展的趨勢。Todays figures continue the upward trend in the stock market.今天的股市趨勢繼續(xù)呈上升趨勢。其他短語：reverse a trend 扭轉(zhuǎn)趨勢set a trend 引領(lǐng)潮流furnish常見結(jié)構(gòu)：1）be furnished withHer study was furnished with an antique desk and chair.她的書房配備有一套古董桌椅。2）furnish sb. with sth.Lyalls evidence may have furnished police

22、 with a vital clue.萊爾的證據(jù)可能給警方提供了一條極其重要的線索。make of sth./ sb.表示“理解，了解” I dont know what to make of our new teacher.What do you make of this news? 其它詞組：make use of 表示“利用”，make the most of 表示“充分利用” George studied hard. He wanted to make the most of his time to learn.I want to make sth of my new life her

23、e.Unit3harmony“融洽; 協(xié)調(diào)，和諧”， be in harmony with “與.協(xié)調(diào)一致”In a beautiful picture there is harmony between the different colors. They worked in perfect harmony. harmonious adj. “和睦的， 友好的” Everyone should make contributions to build a harmonious society.Ours is a harmonious familycope強調(diào)結(jié)果“成功處理完了” How woul

24、d we cope once the money had run out? She knows how to cope with a complicated situationcope with表示“同.較量， 應(yīng)付， 對付”， 相當(dāng)于to deal with successfully No one can cope with him in English. We have the ability to cope with unexpected disasters.let down表示“使失望，辜負(fù)” The families of the victims feel that the judg

25、ment has let them down.She is a great player, and never lets her team down. 相關(guān)短語：let alone 更不用說； let loose 放走，釋放；let out 發(fā)出，泄漏， let sb. off允許某人不做某事，從輕處理 I hardly have time to think these days, let alone relax.I was pulled over for speeding, but I was let off with a warning fulfill表示“滿足；實現(xiàn)”，也表示“執(zhí)行；履行

26、”，to fulfill one's promise履行諾言His belief that the world would end was not fulfilled. If he's lazy, he'll never fulfill his ambition to achieve anything.They fulfilled their work ahead of time as we did ours. fulfilled adj. 表示“滿足的， 有成就感的”，fulfilling adj. 表示“令人滿足的”， fulfillment n. 表示“滿足感，

27、履行” The Party's organizational work ensured the fulfillment of its political tasks.Human desires are not always erval表示“間隔，中間休息” The normal interval between our meeting is one month.He visits me at regular intervals.短語：at intervals 不時, 時時；in the intervals 不一會兒, 不久； at long intervals

28、 偶爾, 間或；at regular intervals 每隔一定時間; subscribe v.表示“贊同； 訂閱; 署名； 捐獻(xiàn)”，常與to連用Do you subscribe to that philosopher's belief?Do you plan to subscribe to these magazines?He subscribed his name to the contract immediately. subscription n. 表示“訂閱費， 捐贈款，簽名” He paid his subscription by banker's order.

29、The institute was built with the help of the public subscriptions.glory n.表示“自豪，得意”，glory in 表示“以為榮”，也用作n.表示“光榮, 榮譽” Now he is at the top of his fame and glory.It will cost a lot of money to rebuild the castle to its previous glory.glorious adj. 表示“光榮的，輝煌的”， The Chinese people have a glorious peace-

30、loving tradition.We have won a glorious victory in the 29th Olympic Games.withdraw v.表示“收回，撤回； 變得沉默寡言，冷漠” The injury has forced Liuxiang to withdraw from the competition.It has not been decided when the American troops will withdraw from Iraq.withdrawal n. 表示“取消，收回；沉默寡言”make a withdrawal 提款withdrawn

31、 adj. “沉默寡言的，孤僻的” Their withdraw of support forced the minister to resign.You can make a withdrawal from most cash machines.sake n.表示“ 目的, 利益, 緣故”， for the sake of (=for one's sake) “為了.起見, 為了.,” I hope you are not doing this just for the sake of the money.The regulation is not just for the prot

32、ection of the workers, but also for the sake of thewhole community.更多短語：for any sake 好歹, 無論如何；for conscience's sake 為了對得起良心；for God's / heaven's sake 看在上帝的面上做做好事吧! ；without sake 無緣無故, 毫無理由pursuit n.常與介詞of 連用 in one's pursuit of happiness 追求幸福Increased inflation would have resulted fr

33、om the pursuit of this policy.pursue v. 表示“追求，追究， 奉行” He pursued the river to its source. We have always pursued a friendly policy towards the people all over the world.Unit4split v.表示“分開，把劃分”，也表示“切開，撕裂”，split up (into) “(使)分裂; 分成(小組)”Just split the cake into three parts and leave one piece for Simo

34、n.In the past people began to split up a hill to let the water through. 區(qū)別：split的過去式和過去分詞還和原型一樣；spilt 是spill的過去式和過去分詞；表示“溢出，流出”He spilt coffee over the tablecloth.It's no use crying over spilt milk.violate v.表示“違犯, 破壞, 違反”，其名詞形式：violation c/u 表示“違反，違背”； in violation of “違反”The soldiers violated

35、the church by using it as a stable（馬廄）.The sound of guns violated the usual calm of Sunday morning. The number of traffic violation has increased.區(qū)別：crime，offence， violation 都含“不同程度違法行為”的意思。crime指“嚴(yán)重違反成文法規(guī)或不成文法規(guī)的犯罪行為, 該罪犯應(yīng)受到法律制裁”；offence 指“違反法規(guī)、教規(guī)或道德標(biāo)準(zhǔn)等的行為”, 其嚴(yán)重程度比 crime輕；violation指“違反規(guī)則、違背條約或侵犯權(quán)利等的

36、行為” Theft or murder is a crime. The judge passed a light sentence on him because it was his first offence. The driver was fined for a speeding violation.temporary adj表示“暫時的, 臨時的” temporary workers 臨時工Dont worry. These measures are only temporary.區(qū)別：temporary ，temporal 都含“暫時的”意思temporary指“暫時的”、“臨時的”t

37、emporal 指“暫存的”、“短暫的” temporary needs 暫時需要。temporal matters of but fleeting moment 不過是轉(zhuǎn)瞬即逝的一時性的事物。merciful adj表示“ 寬大的；仁慈的”The merciful king saved the young officers from death. He is accepted as a merciful man.mercy n. 表示“仁慈, 寬恕, 憐憫”，show mercy to sb. “對某人起了憐憫之心”at the mercy of “在.的掌握之中, 完全受.支配” They

38、 showed little mercy to the enemies. It's a mercy that the explosion happened after the theatre.wrestle表示“與搏斗；把摔倒”， 常用詞組：wrestle sb. to the ground “把某人摔在地上”wrestle with “費力的處理，費力的解決” The police wrestled the thief to the ground and arrested him.The boy shouldn't wrestle with such an experienc

39、ed opponent. His fingers wrestled with the knot for some time.wrestling n. 表示“摔跤” Are there any important wrestling skills?wear off表示“磨損; 損耗; 逐漸消失”相關(guān)短語：wear away “磨損, (時間)消逝” wear out “穿舊；使疲憊不堪” The pains in his shoulder were starting to wear off.I got bored with the job once the novelty（新鮮感）wore of

40、f. She was worn out from looking after her elderly mother.wear vt.vi.表示“穿著； 佩戴”，用于表示一種狀態(tài) Last year in another play, she had to wear short socks and a bright, orange-colored dress. People had to wear formal evening dress to go to the Mayor's bat n.表示“斗爭，戰(zhàn)斗”，相當(dāng)于battle, in combat 在戰(zhàn)斗中 Thes

41、e medicines are important in the combat against diseases.Under simulated（模擬）combat conditions, few people get bat vt. 表示“跟.作斗爭，抗?fàn)帯?combat diseases與疾病作斗爭Measures should be taken to combat global warming. dismay表示“使灰心, 使驚愕” What dismayed me most about their behaviors was their rudeness.I wa

42、s dismayed when I recognized the voice of Mrs. Bates. dismay用作 n.表示“沮喪；灰心”, to one's dismay 使某人驚慌/沮喪的是 Someone stolen my house! she said in dismay. Local people expressed their dismay at the size of the pay rise.insignificant表示“無關(guān)緊要的；無用的” Dont waste time on insignificant points.I felt very insig

43、nificant in the company with such famous experts. insignificance n. 表示“不重要，無意義”，其反義詞：significant adj. 表示“重要的, 值得注意的”，相當(dāng)于be of great significance, It reminds us of the insignificance of man in the whole process of producing.Davis was one of the most significant musicians of the last century.Unit5drop

44、 into表示“偶然進(jìn)入， 順便拜訪”，drop sth into sth 把某物仍進(jìn) I dropped into a restaurant while walking on the street.He dropped a few coins into my hands.相關(guān)短語：drop in on sb. / at sth. 拜訪某人/ 某地，drop out 退出，輟學(xué) Drop in at our house for a visit sometime. Please drop in again whenever it is convenient for you.unsettlinga

45、dj表示“ 使人不安的; (消息)混亂的” The news that some kinds of milk powder are in poor quality is very unsettling.The report comes to some pretty unsettling conclusions.unsettled adj. 表示“未解決的， 緊張不安的”，unsettle vt. 表示“使緊張，使煩惱”，如：Some important issues remained unsettled after the peace talks.The sudden changes unse

46、ttled her.co-operate v. 表示“合作，協(xié)作”，常與介詞with連用 We share the same feelings and co-operate closely with each other.Differences do exist but both the US and China are trying to co-operate and promotefriendship. cooperation n. 合作，協(xié)作；be ready to give one's cooperation to sb. 愿與某人合作; cooperative adj. 有合

47、作意向的，協(xié)作的； 如：Jean is cooperative and helpful in the classroom.A working group will be set up to promote cooperation.preference n. 表示“偏愛, 優(yōu)先選擇”， have a preference for 偏愛.，A teacher should not show preference for any one of his pupils. My own preference is for good literature.prefer vt. （常與to連用）更喜歡；寧愿;

48、 prefer to do . rather than do 寧愿愿意.而不愿; prefer .to 喜歡. 勝過，其中to是介詞 Which of these two dresses do you prefer? I should prefer you not to stay ( or that you should not stay) there too long. intellectual adj表示“ 智力的, 有智力的”，intellectual capacity 智力水平 Students were asked which task represented the greatest intellectual challenge. He had only the intellectual