人教版新目標英語9年級知識詳解unit7-9

1、人教版新目標英語9年級unit7-9Unit 7 Where would you like to visit?重點、難點、考點及疑點注釋1. Where would you like to go on vacation, Sam? (P52)山姆，你想去哪兒度假呀？(1)go on是不及物動詞詞組，意為“繼續(xù)”，其后不能跟名詞或代詞作賓語。The teacher asked him to stop talking, but he still went on.老師叫他別講，可他還是講個不停go on后面可以接動詞不定式或動詞-ing形式，但它們的意義不同。Lets go on discussin

2、g the question. 咱們繼續(xù)談論這個問題吧。Lets go on to discuss the question. 咱們接著談論另外一個問題吧。短語鏈語go on with表示“繼續(xù)”，后面可直接跟名詞或代詞作賓語。Then Miss Gao went back to her desk and went on with the lesson.然后高老師回到講桌后邊，繼續(xù)上課。go on with可與go on doing sth 互換。Go on with your work(=Go on doing your work).繼續(xù)做你的工作去吧。特別提示holiday還可以用來表示“

3、節(jié)日”，“紀念日”。Everyone was in his holiday clothes. 人人都穿上了節(jié)日的盛裝。2. v-ing型形容詞和v-ed型形容詞本單元出現(xiàn)了大量v-ing型形容詞，那么大家對它的用法熟悉嗎？在英語中，某些動詞的后面加上-ing或-ed，可以變成形容詞。v-ing型形容詞具有主動或進行的含義，是人或物本身所具有的品質(zhì)。常見的詞有：surprisesurprising 令人驚奇的 exciteexciting令人興奮的boreboring 令人討厭的 interestinteresting 有趣的developdeveloping 發(fā)展中的 movemoving 感

4、人的inspireinspiring 鼓舞人心的v-ed型形容詞具有被動或已完成的含義，是由于受到某種影響而產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果。常見的詞有：surprisesurprised感到驚奇的 borebored 感到厭惡的exciteexcited 感到興奮的 interestinterested感興趣的developdeveloped 發(fā)達的 movemoved 受感動的inspireinspired受到鼓舞的 pleasepleased 高興的3. For your next vacation, why not consider visiting Paris? (P54)下一次假期為什么不考慮去巴黎呢？

5、(1)Why not+動詞原形相當于Why dont you+動詞原形，表示“為什么不”，常用來向別人提建議。Why not study hard? 為什么不努力學習？Why dont you ask the policeman for help? 怎么不向那個警察尋求幫助呢？(2)consider 表示“考慮，細想”，相當于think about，后面接動詞時，應用動詞的-ing形式。I first considered writing to him, but then decided to see him. 我開始想寫信給他，但后來決定去見他。4. Paris is the capital

6、 of France, and is one of the liveliest cities in Europe. (P54)巴黎是法國的首都，是歐洲最活躍的城市之一。lively是形容詞，意為“活潑的，活躍的，有生氣的”，在句中作定語或表語，用來修飾人或物。She is a lively girl. 她是個活潑的女孩。The sports ground is lively with all sorts of ball games.運動場上要進行各種球類比賽，呈現(xiàn)出一派生氣勃勃的景象。特別提示alive作形容詞，意為“活著的，在世的”，常作表語，但有時也作后置定語或補語。He must be

7、alive, for he is still breathing slightly. 他一定還活著，因為他還在輕微呼吸。He is the only person alive in the accident. 他是這次事故中惟一活下來的人。An enemy officer was caught alive. 一名敵人軍官被活捉了。living是形容詞，意為“活著的”，常位于名詞之前或之后作定語；作表語時與alive意思相同。We now know there are no living things on the moon. 我們現(xiàn)在知道月球上沒有生物。Is his grandfather s

8、till living/alive? 他的祖父還活著嗎？live讀作/laiv/時，也作形容詞，意為“活著的”，常放在名詞之前作定語，它一般不用來修飾人；live讀/liv/時，是動詞，意為“生活，生存”。The cat was playing with a live mouse. 這只貓在玩弄一只活老鼠。Pandas usually live in the south and the southeast of China.熊貓通常生活在中國的南部和東南部。5. It doesnt have any beaches or mountains, but there are still many

9、things to do there. (P54)它沒有沙灘和山脈，但是在那兒仍然有很多的事情可做。在本句中連詞or連接兩個被否定的并列成分。The worlds favorite food isnt English, Italian, Indian or Japanese, but its American fast food. 世界上最受歡迎的食品不是英國食品、意大利食品、印度食品和日本食品，而是美國快餐。魔力糾錯他沒有弟弟, 也沒有妹妹。誤：He has no brothers and sisters.正：He has no brothers or sisters.魔力解析在否定句，or

10、是“也不”的意思，而and表示的卻是肯定的意義。因此，上句還可以寫為He has no brothers and no sisters。知識拓展連詞or在“祈使句+or+簡單句”句型中, 表示“否則，不然”，引出一個相反的結(jié)果，本句型可以轉(zhuǎn)換為含否定的if從句。Get up early, or youll be late for school.If you dont get up early, youll be late for school.早點起，否則你就會遲到。短語鏈語either.or表示“不是，就是”；“或者，或者”。Either you or I am right. 不是你對就是我

11、對。sooner or later意為“遲早”。Dont worry. Sooner or later, we can speak English well.別擔心，遲早我們能說好英語。6. .including the Eiffel Tower and Notre Dame Cathedral, one of the most famous churches in the world. (P54)包括埃菲爾鐵塔和巴黎圣母院，世界上最著名的教堂之一。(1)本句中的include意為“包括”，“連在內(nèi)”，指包括或容納某東西成為整體的一部分，側(cè)重于對比整體與部分。The money I gave

12、you includes Xiao Wangs. 我給你的錢里包括了小王的。The coins included examples of almost all the types of Chinese coin. 這些硬幣包括了幾乎所有的中國硬幣的品種。特別提示contain意為“含有，包含，里面裝有”，指某物容納比其更小的東西，側(cè)重所含的量與成分。The basket contains a variety of fruits. 這個籃子里裝有各種水果。These foods should contain some fat, some fiber, a little salt and so o

13、n. 這些食物應該含有一些脂肪、纖維，還應該有一點鹽等等。(2)本句中的famous 是形容詞，常用于be famous as或be famous for結(jié)構(gòu)中，意為“因而聞名”。當主語是表示人的名詞時，be famous as表示“以某種身份而出名”，be famous for表示“以某種知識、技能或作品而出名”。Einstein was famous as a great scientist. 愛因斯坦以一位偉大的科學家而著名。Einstein was famous for his Theory of Relativity. 愛因斯坦以他的相對論而著名。7. Isnt it suppose

14、d to be very hot? (P54)難道天氣不應該是很熱的嗎？(1)這是一個否定形式的一般疑問句，用來表示說話人提出自己的建議或看法，并希望得到對方肯定的答復。有時它也表示驚訝、不相信、挖苦、批評等意義，其構(gòu)成是：Isnt(Arent, Dont, Wont, Cant, Couldnt, Didnt, Havent, Hasnt等)+主語？Isnt he a League member? 難道他不是團員嗎？Havent you known him yet? I saw you having dinner with him just now.你難道還不認識他嗎？剛才我還見你和他一起吃

15、飯了呢。(2)be supposed to 的意思與should近似，意為“被期望或被要求做某事”。Am I supposed to clean all the rooms or the single one? 我是應該打掃所有房間還是這個單間？Youre supposed to start work at 830 every morning. 你應該每天早晨八點半開始工作。8. My family and I want to take a trip this summer somewhere in the east of China. (P56)今年夏天，我和家人想到中國東部的某個地方去旅行

16、。(1)名詞trip指短距離的旅行，常含有回到原出發(fā)地之意。有時在口語中也指遠程旅行，這時可與journey替換。Have a good trip. 一路順風。During the four-hour trip, he wandered from car to car.在四小時的旅途中，他在各個車廂之間逛來逛去。9. I hope you can provide me with some information about the kinds of vacations that your firm can offer. (P56)我希望你能給我提供一些貴公司能提供的各種假期旅游的信息。(1)p

17、rovide 作動詞，表示“供應，供給;預先約定”，可作及物動詞，也可作不及物動詞。 The farm provided them all the food they needed.農(nóng)場提供他們所需要的全部食物。(2)firm表示“公司，商號，商行”等意思，常指商行，不用于商號名稱。He is thinking of starting another firm in Paris. 他正在考慮在巴黎另開一家公司。特別提示offer可作名詞，意為“提供，提議，提出”，后面接名詞或動詞不定式作賓語。He offered me a glass of wine. 他給了我一杯酒。The driver o

18、ffered to drive us to the station. 那位司機主動提出送我們?nèi)セ疖囌尽?0. It would be nice if our hotel had rooms with kitchens so we could save money by cooking our own meals. (P56)如果我們住的賓館房間帶有廚房那就太好了，那樣的話我們可以自己做飯，也就節(jié)省錢了。(1)with kitchens是介詞短語，在句中作定語修飾rooms。with在這里意為“具有，帶有”，由其連接的介詞短語在句中作定語修飾名詞，常用以說明人或物的特征；作狀語時，表示一個伴隨狀

19、態(tài)。Mrs Smith is a woman with big eyes and long hair.史密斯太太是一位大眼睛、長頭發(fā)的婦女。（2）動詞save 在本句中是“節(jié)省”的意思。If you want to save time, youd better make a list before you go shopping.如果你想節(jié)省時間，去買東西之前，先列一張購物清單。知識拓展save還有“拯救”，“搶救”，“搭救”；“儲存”，“保存”等多種意思。A lot of land has been saved by the Great Green Wall.綠色長城拯救了許多土地。My f

20、ather saved a lot of money in the bank. 我父親在銀行里存了許多錢。11. We all dream about things that we would like to do, and things we hope to achieve in the future. (P58) 我們都夢想著自己想要做的事情，以及我們希望將來要實現(xiàn)的事情。本句中的in the future意為“將來，未來”，即in the time yet to come。Who can tell what will happen in the future? 誰能知道將來會發(fā)生什么？I

21、n the future, shopping can be done by videophone. 在將來，購買東西能在可視電話中進行。特別提示in future意為“今后”，相當于from now on。In future, be more careful with your spelling. 今后你要更加注意你的拼寫。I advise you not to eat fruit that isnt ripe in future.我勸你今后不要吃不熟的水果。12. According to the survey, less realistic dreams are also common.

22、(P58)根據(jù)調(diào)查得知，不現(xiàn)實的夢想也很普遍。本句中的common意為“普通的”，“常見的”，“不足為奇的”，有時常發(fā)生，對每個人、每個地方都普遍的意思。Snow is common in cold countries. 在寒冷的國家，下雪是常見的事情。特別提示usual意為“平常的”，“通常的”，指在某一地方、某一時間或某一人身上所常見的，往往指常用的東西或常發(fā)生的事情。We followed the usual method of test.我們采用了通常的測試方法。Unit 8 Illhelp clean up the city parks.重點、難點、考點及疑點注釋1. Id like

23、 to help homeless people. (P60)我想幫助無家可歸的人。homeless是形容詞，意為“無家可歸的”，由home+后綴-less構(gòu)成。特別提示less后綴通常加在名詞的后面，構(gòu)成形容詞，表示與原來名詞意思相反的形容詞，如groundless 無根據(jù)的， odorless 無氣味的, careless粗心的，useless無用的。2. You could help clean up the city parks. (P60)你可以幫著打掃城市公園。clean up是“清除、除去（垃圾、污物）”等，使地方干凈。Please clean up the room after

24、 the party. 聚會后把房間打掃干凈。We should clean up the dirty parts of the sea.我們應該清除海里的污染部分。clean up還可以表示“掙得，贏得（多少錢）”。He cleaned up a small fortune. 他發(fā)了一筆小財。特別提示clean oneself up意為“洗干凈”。Your hands are dirty, youd better clean yourself up.你的手臟了，你應該洗洗它們。 3. You could give out food at a food bank. (P60)你可以在食品供應站

25、分發(fā)食品。give out在這里是“分發(fā)”，“散發(fā)”的意思。Our English teacher gave out the examination papers when the bell rang. 我們的英語老師在鈴響的時候分發(fā)試卷。另外一個意思為“用完”，“消耗盡”。After a week their food supplies gave out. 一周之后，他們的食物供應用完了。還有一個意思為“發(fā)出”，“送出”。The sun gives out a lot of heat. 太陽能發(fā)出熱量。4. He looks sad. Lets cheer him up.(P61)他看上去很

26、傷心。我們?nèi)退褡髌饋戆?。cheer up sb或cheer sb up意為“（使某人）高興起來，振作起來”。如果是代詞做賓語，則將代詞放在中間。Cheer up! The news isnt too bad. 不要發(fā)愁啦，這消息不錯嘛！He took her to the ballet to cheer her up. 他為了使她高興起來，便帶她去看芭蕾舞。5. This volunteer work takes each of them several hours a week, so it is a major commitment. (P62)這份義工每周花了他們每個人好幾個小時的時

27、間，所以這是一個重大的貢獻。(1)each of them是指“他們中的每一個”。如果做主語，則謂語動詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。知識拓展each與every的用法each指一個整體中的每一個，強調(diào)個體；every著重于全體的總和，強調(diào)整體。試比較：Each has a different book. （強調(diào)各有不同。）Here every child at the age of six can go to school. （側(cè)重整體，無一例外。）each可作形容詞及代詞，而every只能作形容詞，但可與-one，-body，-thing等構(gòu)成復合代詞。each用在代詞或復數(shù)名詞前要用介詞of連接，

28、如each of them, each of the boys; every不能直接跟of連接，如不可以說every of them，而要說every one of them或each of them。every還可以表示“每隔”，后接基數(shù)詞加名詞，如every four weeks, every three months等，此種結(jié)構(gòu)中的every不能用each代替。She had a rest every fives minutes. 她每隔5分鐘就休息一會兒。魔力糾錯街道兩旁有許多商店。誤：There are many shops on every side of the street.正

29、：There are many shops on each side of the street.魔力解析each可以用來指兩個或兩個以上的人或物，但是every卻總是指三個或三個以上的人或物，不能指兩者。6. Not only do I feel good about helping other people, but I get to spend time doing what I love to do. (P62)我不僅對幫助別人感到很滿足，而且我還漸漸地花時間做自己喜愛做的事情。(1)not only . but also (also可省略)是“不但而且”的意思，當置于句首時，not

30、only后面從句的主謂要倒裝，但but （also）后面的主謂不用倒裝。Not only has he been to Canada, but (also) he knows some Canadians.他不僅去過加拿大，而且還認識許多加拿大人。Not only did he teach at school, but (also) he wrote novels.他不僅在學校里教書，而且還寫小說。7. “Dont put it off,” says HuiPing. “Become a volunteer today!” (P62) “別猶豫”，慧萍說，“今天就來當一名自愿者吧！”(1)pu

31、t off 意思是“推遲，拖延”。Never put off till tomorrow what may be done today. 今日事今日畢。They put off the soccer game because of the rain. 因為下雨，他們把球賽推遲了。You should not put off going to see the doctor. 你不應該拖延去看醫(yī)生。put off還可意為“關(guān)掉”，相當于turn off。Please put off the lights before you leave the classroom.在你離開教室之前，請關(guān)掉燈。(2

32、)become是系動詞，表示“變成，成為”，后面接名詞、形容詞、過去分詞等。She became famous in her city. 她在她所在城市的成為名人了。知識拓展become后可接介詞of，構(gòu)成what becomes of sb/sth 表示“某人/某事進展如何”。What became of the dreams of our youth? 我們年輕時的理想何在？特別提示系動詞get, turn , grow和become都可表示“變得，感到”，其區(qū)別是：get用于日常用語，后面常跟比較級。The weather gets colder, and the days get sh

33、orter. 天氣變冷了，白天變短了。 turn指在顏色和性質(zhì)等方面變得與原來不同。His face turned red. 他的臉變紅了。grow著重變化過程。Its growing dark. 天漸漸地變黑了。become是指身份、職位的變化，作瞬間動詞時，指狀態(tài)的變化。He became an artist. 他成為了一名藝術(shù)家。8. Jimmy takes after his mother. (P63)吉米的言行舉止像他媽媽。本句中的take after sb 表示“長相或舉止像（某個長輩）”，不能用于被動語態(tài)。To my surprise, Jack doesnt take afte

34、r his father at all.令我驚奇的是，杰克和他爸爸長的一點兒也不像。Mary really takes after her mother, she has the same eyes, nose, and hair. 瑪麗長得真像她媽媽，眼睛、鼻子和頭發(fā)一個樣。9. Jimmy has run out of money. (P63)吉米把錢花光了。run out of意為“用完”，其主語通常是人，表示主動含義，后面跟賓語。He has run out of ink.他用完了墨水。Im afraid were run out of petrol.我們的汽油怕是已用完了。特別提示r

35、un out也是“用完”的意思，其主語通常是被使用的事物，如時間、金錢、食物等，但不用于被動語態(tài)，同時其后也不能跟賓語。His money soon ran out. 他的錢很快就花完了。Have you nearly finished? Time is running out. 你快做完了嗎？時間快到了。10. I fix up bikes and give them away. (P63)我修理好自行車，然后捐贈出去。(1)fix up相當于to repair，表示“修理，修補，整理”,其后跟物件名詞作賓語。My watch sometimes gains and sometimes lo

36、ses. Can you fix it up for me? 我的表有時快，有時慢，你能幫我修修嗎？My mother is too old to live on her own, so were fixing up the spare room for her. 我母親年齡太大了，不能自己生活，所以我們正收拾這個多出的房間讓她住。特別提示如果fix up的賓語是“人”的話，則構(gòu)成fix sb up with sth句型，表示“為某人安排某件事，向某人提供某物”。Ill fix you up with a place to stay. 我來給你安排住處。(2)give sth away 意思是

37、“捐贈，贈送”。The rich man gave away most of his money to charity.那個富人把他的大部分錢都捐給了慈善事業(yè)。知識拓展give away還可以表示“分發(fā)或贈與某物，由于大意而未利用或抓?。〞r機，機會等）”。The headmaster gave away the prizes at the school sports day.校長在學校運動會上頒發(fā)了獎品。give away還可以表示“有意或無意地泄露某事情或出賣某人”。The woman gave away state secrets to the enemy.那個婦女把國家機密泄露給了敵人。

38、11. He even handed out advertisements at a local supermarket. (P64)他甚至在當?shù)氐囊患页猩l(fā)廣告。hand out意為“散發(fā)”，其中hand是動詞。The teacher is handing out the maths papers. 老師在發(fā)數(shù)學試卷。短語鏈語hand in“面交”，“上交”。The students are handing their papers in.學生們在交試卷。12. Then he told the teachers at school about his problem . (P64)然后他

39、告訴老師自己的問題tell sb about sth是“把某事告訴某人”的意思，有時表示“囑咐或語氣較輕的命令”，常用于tell sb to do sth結(jié)構(gòu)。The teacher told us about his story. 老師給我們講了他的故事。My mother usually tells me to be careful on my way to school.媽媽常常告訴我在去上學的路上一定要小心。13. The strategies that he came up with worked out fine. (P64)他想到的那些辦法獲得了成功。(1)這是一個由that引導

40、的定語從句，先行詞是前面的strategies。動詞短語worked out在這里作主語the strategies的謂語，意為“產(chǎn)生結(jié)果，發(fā)展為，結(jié)果是”，后面不可接賓語，主語也不用“人”來充當。I wonder how their ideas worked out in practice. 我很想知道他們的想法在實踐中取得了什么結(jié)果。We didnt plan it like that but it worked out very well.我們原不是那樣計劃的，但結(jié)果卻很好。知識拓展work out的其它用法It was the best solution that he was abl

41、e to work out at this time. 這是他這時能想出的最好的解決辦法了。（想出）I cant work out the meaning of this poem. 我理解不了這首詩的意思。（理解）短語鏈語work on意為“從事”。Professor Green is working on a new book. 格林教授正在寫一本新書。He is working on a maths problem. 他正在算一道數(shù)學難題。work on后面無賓語時，表示繼續(xù)工作。Its very late, but they were still working on.時間很晚了，但他

42、們?nèi)匀辉诶^續(xù)工作。(2)fine在這里是副詞，可與well替換，意思是“好，順利”。The machine works fine. 這臺機器運行很好。Sam is doing fine in his new business. 薩姆在他的新業(yè)務中一切進展順利。14. .Who has filled my life with pleasure. (P66)使我生活充滿快樂的人。(1)本句中的fill.with.表示一個動作，意為“用裝滿”，其主語通常是人。He filled the bag with books. 他在書包里裝滿了書。Please fill the bottle with mil

43、k. 請將瓶子裝滿牛奶。知識拓展be filled with表示一個狀態(tài)，意為“裝滿了”，相當于be full of，其主語通常是人或物。The room was filled with smoke. 房間里濃煙彌漫。Her eyes were filled with tears. 她眼睛里充滿了淚水。(2)pleasure意為“高興，快樂”，是不可數(shù)名詞；表示“樂趣，高興的事”時是可數(shù)名詞。Reading gives me great pleasure. 讀書給了我很多快樂。It is one of my greatest pleasures. 它是我最大樂趣之一。在口語中Its pleas

44、ure. 是回答感謝的客套語。 Thank you for your help. 感謝你的幫助。Its a pleasure. 不用謝。特別提示pleased是形容詞，意為“自己感到高興的，欣喜的，滿意的”，指以任何方式表現(xiàn)出來或未表現(xiàn)出來的滿足與快樂，在句中常用作表語，其主語為人。The two friends were very pleased to see each other again. 這兩個朋友非常高興再次見面。I was pleased that the manager had decided not to be angry with me. 使我高興的是經(jīng)理已經(jīng)不再生我的氣了

45、。pleasant也是形容詞，表示“使人感到愉快滿意”，一般用作定語，如主語是物，也可以用作表語。Its pleasant weather today. 今天的天氣令人愉快。Its very pleasant to sit down after standing for hours.站了幾小時后坐下來很舒服。please是動詞，表示“（使）高興，滿意，愉快”。Does the cloth please you? 這布料合你的意嗎？15. Because I cant use my arms or legs well, normal things like answering the telep

46、hone, opening and shutting doors, or carrying things have always been difficult for me. (P66)因為我不能靈活地使用我的手和腳，像接電話、開關(guān)門、拿東西這樣的事情對于我來說都很難。(1)本句中的shut意為“關(guān)”，在許多情況下可以與close互換，只是后者語氣較弱，如close the door關(guān)門（也可能指半開半閉），shut the door關(guān)門（指把門關(guān)緊）。That shop shuts at eight pm. 那家商店八點鐘關(guān)門。He closed his speech with a funn

47、y joke. 他用一個有趣的笑話結(jié)束了演說。當表示“關(guān)閉公路，鐵路或交通工具”或作“結(jié)束”講時，只用close。They have closed the road for thick fog. 由于大霧，那條公路被關(guān)閉。特別提示turn off用來表示“關(guān)閉”有開關(guān)的東西，如收音機、電視、煤氣、水龍頭等。Please turn off the light when you leave the lab. 在你離開實驗室前關(guān)掉燈。Make sure the gas is turned off before you go to bed. 確保上床前把煤氣關(guān)掉。(2)本句中的carry意為“搬運，攜

48、帶”，不表示帶到什么地方，而攜帶的方式可以是提、扛、背、抱、抬等。She carried a baby in her arms. 她懷里抱了一個孩子。He was carrying a wooden box on his shoulder.他扛著一個木箱。特別提示在后面“Lucky! Fetch my book.”一句中出現(xiàn)的fetch相當于go and bring back，意為“取來，接來”，表示一往一返。Lets fetch some water. 咱們?nèi)ゴ螯c水來。People had to walk many kilometers in order to fetch wood. 為了取

49、木料，人們不得不走許多公里路。Unit 9 When was it invented?重點、難點、考點及疑點注釋1. Theyre used for seeing in the dark. (P69)它們被用于在黑夜里觀看。be used for表示“被用來做”，介詞for表示目的和用途，后面接名詞或動詞-ing形式。Wood can be used for making paper.木材可以被用來造紙。知識拓展含有be used的常用短語：be used as表示“被用作”，介詞as意思是“作為”的意思，其后一般接名詞，強調(diào)使用的工具及手段。This book can be used as

50、a textbook.這本書可以當作教科書來用。be used by表示“被使用”，by后接動作的執(zhí)行者。This kind of machine is used by farmers for getting in crops.農(nóng)民們用這種機器來收割莊稼。2. I think the most helpful invention is the light bulb. (P70)我認為最有用的發(fā)明是燈泡。helpful是由名詞help加上-ful后綴構(gòu)成的形容詞，意為“有幫助的”，類似的形容詞還有：thankthankful (感謝的，感激的) grategrateful(感謝的，感激的)use

51、useful (有用的) wonderwonderful(令人驚奇的)forgetforgetful (健忘的) successsuccessful(成功的)beautybeautiful (美麗的) painpainful(疼痛的)3. Id like to have a radio because I could listen to music all day. (P70)我想有一個收音機，這樣我就可以整天聽音樂了。本句中的情態(tài)動詞could用來表示邏輯上或理論上的可能性，而不是某種實際上將要發(fā)生或正在發(fā)生的可能性。Anybody could make mistake.任何人都可能犯錯誤。

52、The weather here could be very cold in winter. 冬天這兒的天氣很冷。特別提示could也表示人或動物的內(nèi)在能力，有某種知識或者技能而能夠做某事。He hurt his foot and couldnt play soccer. 他的腳受了傷，所以他不能踢足球了。4. The potato chips were invented by mistake. (P71)土豆條的發(fā)明純屬歪打正著。(1) potato chips是一個復合名詞，其中第一個名詞用作定語修飾后一個名詞，這樣的例子有很多，又如: alarm clock, telephone num

53、ber等。知識拓展復合名詞變復數(shù)的規(guī)則，你一定要牢記??！通常只把主體名詞變?yōu)閺蛿?shù)school boyschool boys(男生) apple treeapple trees(蘋果樹) vegetable sandwichvegetable sandwiches(蔬菜三明治) girl friendgirl friends（女朋友）如果沒有主體名詞，在最后一個名詞上用復數(shù)。good-for-nothinggood-for-nothings（飯桶、無用的人）three-year-oldthree-year-olds（三歲的孩子）由man, woman和另外一個名詞構(gòu)成的復合名詞，兩個部分都要用復

54、數(shù)。man teachermen teachers(男教師)gentleman farmergentlemen farmers （鄉(xiāng)紳）(2)by mistake 表示“錯誤地（因粗心、遺忘等所致）”。Sorry, I took your bag by mistake. 對不起，我錯拿了你的手提包。短語鏈語mistake . for “錯把當作”5. George Crum cooked them for a long time until they were crispy. (P71)George Crum將它們做了很長時間，直到它們變脆了。until常用作介詞或連詞，用來引導介詞短語或從句

55、在句子中作時間狀語。在肯定句中，until與延續(xù)性、持續(xù)性動詞連用，表示“直到為止”。I worked until late in the afternoon. 我一直干到下午很晚的時候。在否定句中，until常與瞬間動詞、短暫性動詞連用，表示“直到才”，“不到不”。The rain didnt stop until midnight. 雨直到半夜才停。I wont leave until you promise to help me. 你不答應幫助我，我不會離開。6. And he sprinkled lots of salt on them so they were salty. (P71

56、) 然后，他在上面撒很多鹽，這樣它們就咸了。(1)sprinkle 是“撒、灑”的意思，常構(gòu)成sprinkle A on/over B 或sprinkle B with A表示“撒(某物)于(某物的表面)”。She sprinkled sand along the icy path. 她往結(jié)冰的路上撒了些沙子。He sprinkled vinegar on his fish and chips. 他往魚和土豆上灑了些醋。(2)salt是不可數(shù)名詞，其形容詞是salty。在英語中，很多名詞后加-y可以構(gòu)成形容詞，表示“充滿/包含”，其意思與原來詞匯的意思相同，只是詞性不同，如cloudcloudy, hairhairy, roserosy, sleepsleepy等。7. Some leaves from a nearby bush fell into the