解讀閱讀表達(dá)題

1、解讀閱讀表達(dá)題解讀閱讀表達(dá)題 河西教育中心河西教育中心張佩珍張佩珍一、形式與要求一、形式與要求 本節(jié)提供一篇本節(jié)提供一篇 300 詞左右的短文，文后設(shè)置詞左右的短文，文后設(shè)置5個(gè)問題，每個(gè)問題，每題題2分。要求考生在閱讀理解短文內(nèi)容的基礎(chǔ)上，按照題目要分。要求考生在閱讀理解短文內(nèi)容的基礎(chǔ)上，按照題目要求用英語(yǔ)回答問題，完成任務(wù)。問題范圍可涵蓋：求用英語(yǔ)回答問題，完成任務(wù)。問題范圍可涵蓋：1. 理解、獲取具體信息；理解、獲取具體信息；2. 根據(jù)上下文內(nèi)容解釋生詞、短語(yǔ)等詞義或識(shí)別指代關(guān)系；根據(jù)上下文內(nèi)容解釋生詞、短語(yǔ)等詞義或識(shí)別指代關(guān)系；3. 概括段落要義或文章主旨；概括段落要義或文章主旨；4.

2、 對(duì)文章情節(jié)、內(nèi)容等作出簡(jiǎn)單的判斷推理；對(duì)文章情節(jié)、內(nèi)容等作出簡(jiǎn)單的判斷推理；5. 闡述作者觀點(diǎn)、態(tài)度或?qū)懽饕鈭D；闡述作者觀點(diǎn)、態(tài)度或?qū)懽饕鈭D；6. 陳述個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)、態(tài)度等；陳述個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)、態(tài)度等； 必要時(shí)可根據(jù)命題要求或文章題材、體裁等要求對(duì)問題范圍必要時(shí)可根據(jù)命題要求或文章題材、體裁等要求對(duì)問題范圍進(jìn)行限制或擴(kuò)展。進(jìn)行限制或擴(kuò)展。二、試題特點(diǎn)二、試題特點(diǎn) I.主旨概括：概括短文中某一段落的大意或標(biāo)主旨概括：概括短文中某一段落的大意或標(biāo) 題，或指出作者的寫作意圖。題，或指出作者的寫作意圖。II.回答問題：回答問題： 1）封閉型問題：結(jié)合文中的具體信息進(jìn)行）封閉型問題：結(jié)合文中的具體信息進(jìn)行回答。

3、要求既有對(duì)所提供文章中關(guān)鍵信息的回答。要求既有對(duì)所提供文章中關(guān)鍵信息的正確判斷和采集；又有對(duì)原文細(xì)節(jié)信息的正正確判斷和采集；又有對(duì)原文細(xì)節(jié)信息的正確理解；考查的點(diǎn)既有細(xì)節(jié)題，也有推斷題，確理解；考查的點(diǎn)既有細(xì)節(jié)題，也有推斷題，甚至還有要考生進(jìn)行總結(jié)歸納的題。甚至還有要考生進(jìn)行總結(jié)歸納的題。 2）開放型問題：結(jié)合個(gè)人的觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度進(jìn)行）開放型問題：結(jié)合個(gè)人的觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度進(jìn)行 表述。表述。III.詞語(yǔ)釋義：正確地使用英語(yǔ)解釋英語(yǔ)。詞語(yǔ)釋義：正確地使用英語(yǔ)解釋英語(yǔ)。三、例題分析三、例題分析例例1：2009考試說明考試說明閱讀表達(dá)樣題閱讀表達(dá)樣題1. According to the passage, how

4、 are inventors different from other people? (No more than 15 words) 考查概括事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)并反映主旨要義?？疾楦爬ㄊ聦?shí)細(xì)節(jié)并反映主旨要義。Inventors look for problems and try to solve them in a new and better way.為最為最佳答案。佳答案。2. Why did Cochrane decide to invent a dishwasher? (No more than 20 words) 考查理解捕捉具體信息。考查理解捕捉具體信息。Because it took h

5、er too long to wash the dishes by hand and too many of them broke. 注意，此答案基本上為文章原文。注意，此答案基本上為文章原文。3. Please explain the underlined phrase “come up with” in English. (No more than 5 words) 考查根據(jù)上下文內(nèi)容解釋生詞詞義，根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可以看出come up with這里的詞義為put forward/think of/find/offer/produce/provide etc. 4. According to th

6、e passage, what is the process of inventing? (No more than 15 words) 考查具體信息歸納。Try to find a problem first and then work out solutions to it.5. What statement from the passage inspires you to invent and why? (The reason should be answered within 20 words) 考查在理解文章主旨大義的基礎(chǔ)上陳述個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)、態(tài)考查在理解文章主旨大義的基礎(chǔ)上陳述個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)、

7、態(tài)度。度。 “Almost everyone can invent.” really inspires me. Because I would be more than happy to be an inventor to benefit the people all over the world. Or: Because I could satisfy my curiosity in the process of inventing new things. Or: Because I would enjoy the pleasure that invention brings me. 200

8、9年天津卷閱讀表達(dá)題的評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：年天津卷閱讀表達(dá)題的評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：1.共共5小題，每題滿分小題，每題滿分2分。分。2.答題符合所問，意思全對(duì)，每題答題符合所問，意思全對(duì)，每題2分。分。 意思半對(duì)，意思半對(duì)，1分。分。 有明顯語(yǔ)言使用、語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤，扣有明顯語(yǔ)言使用、語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤，扣0.5分。分。 詞數(shù)超出規(guī)定詞數(shù)超出規(guī)定3個(gè)，扣個(gè)，扣0.5分。分。 拼寫有拼寫有3個(gè)錯(cuò)誤及以上，扣個(gè)錯(cuò)誤及以上，扣0.5分。分。3.每小題得分共有每小題得分共有4檔檔: 0分，分，1分，分，1.5分，分，2 分分2009英語(yǔ)卷閱讀表達(dá)考試內(nèi)容與全市考生得分率英語(yǔ)卷閱讀表達(dá)考試內(nèi)容與全市考生得分率 題號(hào)題號(hào) 考考 核核 點(diǎn)點(diǎn) 得

9、分率得分率 56 語(yǔ)篇銜接手段與表達(dá)連貫的知識(shí) 0.70 57 查找短文中的信息和轉(zhuǎn)述信息 0.43 58 查找短文中的信息和轉(zhuǎn)述信息 0.65 59 查找短文中的信息和轉(zhuǎn)述信息 0.58 60 表達(dá)個(gè)人看法、態(tài)度和陳述其理由 0.64 平均 0.60例例2：2009年天津高考閱讀表達(dá)題年天津高考閱讀表達(dá)題56. The underlined words “chrome-plate contraptions” in Paragraph 1 refer to _.（No more than 3 words） (難度：難度：0.70)【答案【答案】 shopping carts/wheeled b

10、askets/ baskets on wheels/ carts for shopping(2分分) many shopping cart/ a shopping carts/ shopping cart (1.5分分) cart/ carts/ easy-to-handle basket (1分分) shopping (0分分) 閱讀理解要關(guān)注漢語(yǔ)注釋，可能是考點(diǎn)。閱讀理解要關(guān)注漢語(yǔ)注釋，可能是考點(diǎn)。57. What was the purpose of Goldmans invention? （No more than 10 words） (難度：難度：0.42) 【答案】It was t

11、o make shopping easier and attract more business. It would makeand(and為界前后各1分) to必須有，否則扣0.5分問答形式的題目，在字?jǐn)?shù)允許的范圍內(nèi)，盡問答形式的題目，在字?jǐn)?shù)允許的范圍內(nèi)，盡量寫完整的句子。量寫完整的句子。58. Why was Goldman disappointed at first? （No more than 10 words） (難度：難度：0.64)【答案【答案】Because few customers used his carts. 細(xì)節(jié)理解表達(dá)。細(xì)節(jié)理解表達(dá)。because 可有可無(wú)，含義中

12、有可有可無(wú)，含義中有“顧客不用車顧客不用車”既可以給分既可以給分,只寫只寫a long look (0分分) 需要注意閱讀當(dāng)中的基本技巧：需要注意閱讀當(dāng)中的基本技巧：but后為重點(diǎn)。后為重點(diǎn)。59. Why did Goldman hire people to push carts around his market? （No more than 10 words）(難度：難度：0.58)【答案【答案】 Because he wanted to promote his shopping carts. 細(xì)節(jié)推理表達(dá)題。由第七段第二句細(xì)節(jié)推理表達(dá)題。由第七段第二句persuade people t

13、o give them a try.可知。可知。 含義類似可給分含義類似可給分60. What do you think of Goldman? Please give your reasons. （No more than 20 words） (難度：難度：0.63)【答案】He was a smart businessman. He invented the shopping cart and made it accepted by customers.Or: He was smart but he shouldnt have used tricks to attract customer

14、s. 不限字?jǐn)?shù)，回答貼切，有邏輯不跑題可給分 只表達(dá)了前一問題答案為1分需要注意該題是兩問，所以答案也應(yīng)該包括兩需要注意該題是兩問，所以答案也應(yīng)該包括兩個(gè)方面?zhèn)€方面 對(duì)對(duì)Glodman的評(píng)價(jià)和原因。的評(píng)價(jià)和原因。 學(xué)生暴露出的常見問題：學(xué)生暴露出的常見問題： 1.審題不清審題不清 2.理解偏差理解偏差 3.表達(dá)有誤表達(dá)有誤 (1)單詞拼寫有誤，大小寫混亂，造成詞不達(dá)義。 (2)無(wú)語(yǔ)法可言，組不成完整的句子。 (3)詞匯量有限，用詞不準(zhǔn)確，表達(dá)不清。 (4)書寫較差，字跡潦草 ，難以辨認(rèn)。 四、解題技巧四、解題技巧 (一一) 概括段落要義或文章主旨概括段落要義或文章主旨1. 所有字母都大寫：所有

15、字母都大寫： HOW TO DEAL WITH STRESS2. 實(shí)詞的第一個(gè)字母大寫：實(shí)詞的第一個(gè)字母大寫： How to Deal with Stress3. 標(biāo)題的第一個(gè)單詞的首字母大寫：標(biāo)題的第一個(gè)單詞的首字母大寫： How to deal with stress 如果是個(gè)疑問句，可以在題目后加問號(hào)，但如果是個(gè)疑問句，可以在題目后加問號(hào)，但如果是陳述句則不必加句號(hào)。如果是陳述句則不必加句號(hào)。例1：Each high school has its own policy. One good example is that some high schools require all stud

16、ents to wear uniforms, but others do not. I have been to both types of schools, and if I have to decide which one is better, I will pick the former.Q: What would be the best title for the passage? (No more than 10 words) A Wise Choice: To Wear School Uniforms 例2： How can we get happiness? We often t

17、ell ourselves that life will be better once we are married, have a baby, then Happiness is a voyage, not a destination. There is no better time to be happy than now? Live and enjoy the moment. Q：What is the best title for the passage? (No more than 10 words.) Happiness is a voyage, not a destination

18、 Or: Enjoy yourself now! 對(duì)對(duì)“主題主題”題的考查主要采用以下設(shè)問方式：題的考查主要采用以下設(shè)問方式： 1. What is the main idea of this passage? 2. What is discussed in this passage? 3. What does this passage mainly tell us? 4. Please give a summary of this passage 例3： Friendship is very pleasant and also essential to peoples life. A man

19、 without friends is an angel without wings, whose life will suffer in the long loneliness Understanding, love and tolerance are the first three essences that come to a true friendship. Other qualities are also concerned such as thoughtfulness, trust and patience. Remember, friendship is 試題： Whats th

20、e main idea of the passage? (No more than 20 words.)答案: The passage mainly tells us about the special qualities needed in friendship. Or: The passage mainly discusses the special qualities which are necessary for friendship. 例4： In Britain all children have to go to school between the age of 5 and 1

21、6. In the USA children must go to school from the age of 6 to between the ages of 14 and 16, depending on the state they live in. Q：Whats the passage mainly about? (No more than 10 words) 答案: Its about the examinations in Britain and the USA. 要提醒考生注意，回答要提醒考生注意，回答“主題主題”和回答和回答“標(biāo)題標(biāo)題”的方式小有不同?；卮鸬姆绞叫∮胁煌；?/p>

22、答“主題主題”一般需要使用完一般需要使用完整的句子，而回答整的句子，而回答“標(biāo)題標(biāo)題”則主要使用短語(yǔ)。則主要使用短語(yǔ)。(二二)根據(jù)上下文內(nèi)容解釋生詞、短語(yǔ)等詞義或識(shí)別指代關(guān)根據(jù)上下文內(nèi)容解釋生詞、短語(yǔ)等詞義或識(shí)別指代關(guān) 系：系： 例例1： Make friendship a priority. Find the time to be with friends even if it means letting the lawn go unmowed or the dishes unwashed for a while, because a friendship is of vital impor

23、tance, demanding great consideration, attention and concern. When you cant get together, use the phone to keep in touch. Q：Please explain the underlined word “priority” in English. (No more than 15 words)答案：答案：It means something that is of vital importance / is very important / needs consideration /

24、needs attention and concern.例例2： Like fine food, good writing is something we approach with pleasure and enjoy from the first taste to the last. And good writers, like good cooks, do not suddenly appear full-blown. Quite the contrary, just as the cook has to undergo an intensive training, mastering

25、the skills of his trade, the writer must sit at his desk and devote long hours to achieving a style in his writing, whatever its purpose schoolwork, matters of business, or purely social communication. You may be sure that the more painstaking the effort, the more effective the writing and the more

26、rewarding.試題：試題：What does the underlined word “painstaking” mean in English? (No more than 10 words)答案：答案：with a lot of care and effort 例例3：Expect a lot from your child, just not everything. Except for health and safety problems, such as drug use or careless driving, consider everything else open to

27、 discussion. If your child is unwilling to discuss something, dont insist he tell you whats on his mind. The more you insist, the more likely that hell clam up. Instead, let him attempt to solve things by himself. At the same time, remind him that youre always there for his should he seek advice or

28、help. Show respect for your teenagers privacy. 試題：試題：What does the underlined word “clam up” mean? (No more than 3 words) 答案：答案：refuse to talk 例例4：Parents should stop blaming themselves because theres not a lot they can do about it. I mean the teenager problem. Whatever you do or however you choose

29、to deal with it, at certain times a wonderful, reasonable and helpful child will turn into a terrible animal.試題：試題：What does the underlined word “it” refer to in this passage? (No more than 3 words)答案：答案：the teenager problem 例5： There are 20,000 buses and trolley buses in Beijing, but they can get v

30、ery crowded. 試題：試題： What does the underlined word “they” refer to? (No more than 4 words) 答案： buses and trolley buses 此類題目要求考生明確文章中的名詞和代詞之間的此類題目要求考生明確文章中的名詞和代詞之間的關(guān)系。一般來講，代詞應(yīng)該指代離它最近的一個(gè)名關(guān)系。一般來講，代詞應(yīng)該指代離它最近的一個(gè)名詞，而且就位置而言，代詞所指代的名詞通常應(yīng)在詞，而且就位置而言，代詞所指代的名詞通常應(yīng)在本句或上一個(gè)句子中本句或上一個(gè)句子中。 如何解釋詞語(yǔ)？如何解釋詞語(yǔ)？對(duì)名詞的解釋：對(duì)名詞的解釋：1用

31、同義詞或近義詞解釋：用同義詞或近義詞解釋： chance: opportunity2用用“名詞名詞+定語(yǔ)（從句）定語(yǔ)（從句）”解釋：解釋： psychologist: someone who studies the human mind對(duì)動(dòng)詞的解釋：對(duì)動(dòng)詞的解釋： 借助動(dòng)詞不定式借助動(dòng)詞不定式to do，用同義詞或短語(yǔ)解釋：，用同義詞或短語(yǔ)解釋： avoid: to stay away from something panic: to lose control because you are frightened對(duì)形容詞的解釋：對(duì)形容詞的解釋：1利用現(xiàn)在分詞（短語(yǔ)）或過去分詞（短語(yǔ)）解釋：利用

32、現(xiàn)在分詞（短語(yǔ)）或過去分詞（短語(yǔ)）解釋： beneficial: having a useful or good effect on somebody or something2用同義詞或近義詞解釋：用同義詞或近義詞解釋： talented: gifted3借助介詞短語(yǔ)，如用借助介詞短語(yǔ)，如用with或或without表示表示“有有”或或“沒有沒有”： hopeless: without hope careful: with care4利用定語(yǔ)從句解釋：利用定語(yǔ)從句解釋： useful: something that can help you對(duì)副詞的解釋：解釋副詞時(shí)，一般可以使用能在句子中作狀

33、語(yǔ)對(duì)副詞的解釋：解釋副詞時(shí)，一般可以使用能在句子中作狀語(yǔ)的介詞短語(yǔ)。的介詞短語(yǔ)。 eventually: after a long time fortunately: luckily 如何在語(yǔ)境中猜測(cè)詞義？如何在語(yǔ)境中猜測(cè)詞義？首先要看這個(gè)生詞在句子中的作用是什么？首先要看這個(gè)生詞在句子中的作用是什么？ 例如：例如： “Semantics, the study of the meaning of words, is necessary if you are to speak and read intelligently. ” 在復(fù)述中構(gòu)成同位關(guān)系的兩部分之間多用逗號(hào)連在復(fù)述中構(gòu)成同位關(guān)系的兩部

34、分之間多用逗號(hào)連接，有時(shí)也使用破折號(hào)，冒號(hào)，分號(hào)，引號(hào)，和接，有時(shí)也使用破折號(hào)，冒號(hào)，分號(hào)，引號(hào)，和括號(hào)等。括號(hào)等。 其次要看詞與詞、句與句之間的關(guān)系如何？其次要看詞與詞、句與句之間的關(guān)系如何？同義或重述關(guān)系。前后兩部分或兩句話是相近同義或重述關(guān)系。前后兩部分或兩句話是相近的描述。有關(guān)的連接詞：的描述。有關(guān)的連接詞：and, similarly，that is，equally, consequently，for example，in the same way，for instance，it would be better to say等。等。 例如：例如：They seem to have p

35、roblems with directionality. In other words, they got lost. It will be very hard but also very brittle that is , it will break easily. 對(duì)照或?qū)Ρ汝P(guān)系。通過轉(zhuǎn)折連接詞或表示對(duì)比的連接對(duì)照或?qū)Ρ汝P(guān)系。通過轉(zhuǎn)折連接詞或表示對(duì)比的連接詞使前后兩部分形成對(duì)照。其中連接詞有：詞使前后兩部分形成對(duì)照。其中連接詞有：or, but，however，on the contrary，in spite of，whereas，on the other hand，yet，while，n

36、or，though 例如：例如： Andrew is one of the most supercilious men I know. His brother, in contrast, is quite humble and modest. Capacitance, or the ability to store electric charge, is one of the most common characteristics of electronic circuits. 因果關(guān)系。通過原因來說明結(jié)果或反之。連詞因果關(guān)系。通過原因來說明結(jié)果或反之。連詞有：有：so，therefore，h

37、ence 等。如：等。如： The plant is often pruned so that it remains only 60 to 90 centimeters high. “Tom is considered an autocratic administrator because he makes decisions without seeking the opinions of others.”定義：有些句子就是對(duì)名詞的解釋說明定義：有些句子就是對(duì)名詞的解釋說明。 例如： A calendar is a list of the days, weeks, months of a pa

38、rticular year. Anthropology is the scientific study of man. Decision- thinking is not unlike poker This card game has often been of considerable interest to people. 定義或釋義關(guān)系常由定語(yǔ)從句或由定義或釋義關(guān)系常由定語(yǔ)從句或由is， or， that is (to say), in other words， be called，be known as, be defined as等詞匯或破折號(hào)來表示。等詞匯或破折號(hào)來表示。 (三三)

39、理解、獲取具體信息：理解、獲取具體信息： 例例1： Like fine food, good writing is something we approach with pleasure and enjoy from the first taste to the last. And good writers, like good cooks, do not suddenly appear full-blown. Quite the contrary 試題：試題：What is good writing compared to in this passage and why? (No more

40、than 10 words) 答案：答案：Fine food. Because they are both enjoyable. 例2： Be punctual. Arriving on time is important to ones success. People always notice when you are late. It is an indicator of whether what you mean and what you say can be trusted. Create the habit of being punctual now and you wont ha

41、ve to worry.試題：According to the passage, why is being punctual important to ones success? (Please answer within 20 words.)答案：It is an indicator of whether what you mean and what you say can be trusted. 例例3： For many students, middle school graduation marks a big change in their lives. This is a step

42、 that takes students away from junior high school but towards the elementary level before senior high school. Compared to elementary school, middle school means more lessons and more classes, but of course, students can also see it as an opportunity to make new friends. 試題：試題：What does middle school

43、 mean to students compared to elementary school? (No more than 10 words.)答案：答案：More lessons, more classes and many new friends. 重要提醒：雖然在一般情況下我們可以用重要提醒：雖然在一般情況下我們可以用“簡(jiǎn)答簡(jiǎn)答”的方式回答的方式回答問問 題，但考試的目的顯然不只是考查對(duì)文章的理解，它還要考查考生題，但考試的目的顯然不只是考查對(duì)文章的理解，它還要考查考生的書面表達(dá)能力。因此，我們建議考生應(yīng)盡可能用完整的句子回答。的書面表達(dá)能力。因此，我們建議考生應(yīng)盡可能用完整的句子回答

44、。(四四)推理判斷和表達(dá)作者的意圖推理判斷和表達(dá)作者的意圖考查考查“闡述作者的寫作意圖闡述作者的寫作意圖”通常采用以下設(shè)問方式：通常采用以下設(shè)問方式：What does the author want to tell us in this passage?What is the main purpose of the text?What can we infer from ?回答此類問題時(shí)，一般需采用表示目的的狀語(yǔ)從句或不定式短回答此類問題時(shí)，一般需采用表示目的的狀語(yǔ)從句或不定式短語(yǔ)。語(yǔ)。如：如：The author wrote the passage in order to tell us

45、that The author introduces to the readers in this passage.The author wants to warn us thatThe author wrote the story in order to inspire us to The author wrote the story in order to entertain the readers. 另外，像另外，像to inform, to persuade, to sell a product, to attract more visitors/ customers等也可用來回答此類

46、問題。等也可用來回答此類問題。例如：59. Why did Goldman hire people to push carts around his market? （No more than 10 words）【答案】 Because he wanted to promote his shopping carts.【解析】本題考查考生在理解文章的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)單的推理判斷的能力以及準(zhǔn)確組織語(yǔ)言的能力。例如： Its not easy being a teenager nor is it easy being the parent of a teenager. You can make your

47、 child feel angry, hurt, or misunderstood by what you say without realizing it yourself. It is important to give your child 試題：What is the main purpose of the text? (No more than 10 words.)答案：To tell parents how to help a teenager grow up. (五五)陳述和表達(dá)自己的觀點(diǎn)陳述和表達(dá)自己的觀點(diǎn)What do you think of the writers opi

48、nion and why?What would you do if you were in such a situation? Why?Do you agree with what the writer says inthis passage? Why?How would you solve the problem if you were on the spot? Why?What do you think of ? Please give your reasons.例1：Maybe you are an average student. You probably think you will never be a top student. This is not necessarily so, however. Anyone can become a better student if he or she wants to. Here is how. Plan your time carefully. Find a good place for