(word完整版)初中英語動(dòng)詞不定式的用法小結(jié)

1、初中英語動(dòng)詞不定式的用法小結(jié)一、作主語，可以用 it 代替， it 叫 形式主語 ， 動(dòng)詞不定式放在后面叫真正主語1 To learn a foreign language is not easy.It is not easy to learn a foreign language.2 . It s dangerous to drive very fast.二、作 表語My idea is to ring him up at once. 我的想法是馬上給他打電話。如果主語部分含 實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do,且作表語的動(dòng)詞又是“do的內(nèi)容，這時(shí)表語不定式的“to可以省略。如：All I did was wai

2、t here. 我能做的就是在這里等。三、?？山觿?dòng)詞不定式作賓語的動(dòng)詞有：agree（同意），hope（希望）,decide（決定），need（需要工mean（打算）,wish（希望）,fail（失?。?want（想要），begin（開始）,would like（想要）等。He has decided to go to the countryside. 他已決心去鄉(xiāng)下。四、 “疑問詞 + 動(dòng)詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)可以作動(dòng)詞know、 think、 find out 等的賓語。I don ' t know who to ask我真不知道該問誰。五、疑問詞+動(dòng)詞不定式”可以作動(dòng)詞show、teac

3、h、ask等后面的直接賓語。She told me where to find the earphone. 她告訴我什么地方可以找到 耳機(jī) 。六、 如果賓語太長， 可用 it 作形式賓語 ，構(gòu)成 “主語 + 謂語 + it + 賓語不足語 （名詞或形容詞 ） + to do sth 結(jié)構(gòu)，謂語動(dòng)詞常為 find、think、feel等。I found it difficult to stop him. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)攔截他很困難。七、動(dòng)詞不定式可以作介詞 的賓語。Autumn harvest is about to start. 秋收 即將開始。I m worrying about what to d

4、o next. 我正愁下一步該怎么辦。八、作 定語 的動(dòng)詞不定式與被修飾詞 有 動(dòng)賓關(guān)系 。I have a lot of books to read. 我有許多書要讀。此時(shí)，如果動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)詞為 不及物動(dòng)詞 ，后面的介詞絕對(duì)不能省略。We had only a cold room to live in. 我們只有 寒室 一間。九、作定語的動(dòng)詞不定式與被修飾詞有主謂關(guān)系。He is always the first to come and the last to leave. 他總是第一個(gè)到，最后一個(gè)走。十、作定語的動(dòng)詞不定式與被修飾詞之間只有修飾關(guān)系 。We have no time to

5、go to town today. 今天我們沒有時(shí)間去城里。十一、作狀語的動(dòng)詞不定式常表示目的、原因、方向、結(jié)果等。I m gladot meet you. 見到你，我很高興。They ran over to welcome the foreign guests. 他們跑過來歡迎外賓。十二、不定式 復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)"for sb to do sth可用作主語、表語、定語、狀語等。It ' s for her to decid懣得由她來決定。（表語）There are many books for you to read. 這有許多書供你閱讀。（定語）The book ids too

6、difficult for children to read. 這本書太難了，孩子們看不懂。（結(jié)果狀語）不定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時(shí)，需注意：It s 形容詞+ for / of + sb + to do sth.當(dāng)上面的形容詞指的是to do sth 的性質(zhì)時(shí)，用介詞 for 。It ' s dangerous for children to swim in the river.孩子在這條河里游泳很危險(xiǎn)。（游泳這件事情危險(xiǎn)）當(dāng)上面的形容詞指的是sb 的性質(zhì)時(shí)， 用介詞of 。 這些形容詞往往修飾人： good, bad, polite, unkind, kind,nice, clever,

7、 right, wrong, careful, carelessIt was careless of you to do that. 你這么做真粗心。（你這個(gè)人粗心）十三、動(dòng)詞hear, see, feel, watch, notice, look at, listen to 等后面的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語 時(shí)不能帶 to,即常見的形式為：hear sb do sth等Many people like to watch others play games. 許多人喜歡看別人玩游戲.十四、 let, make, have 后面的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語, 也不能帶 to; help 后面的動(dòng)詞不定

8、式作賓語補(bǔ)足語 , to 可有可無She let us meet her at the station, but she didn 她讓我們?nèi)ボ囌居铀?t come.,卡她沒有來.卜五、十三和十四這兩種情況下的動(dòng)詞不定式在改被動(dòng)語態(tài)句子時(shí)，必須將省略的to還原，也就是說，動(dòng)詞后需跟帶to 的動(dòng)詞不定式.We heard him sing every day.He was heard to sing every day. 那時(shí)每天都聽到他唱歌.十六、 跟帶 to 的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞還有: ask, beg, leave, like, love, hate, prefer, orde

9、r, teach,tell, believe, find, know, want, think, understand, would like 等形式為 : ask sb to do sthWould you like me to visit him? 要不要我拜訪他?I would prefer you not to come tomorrow. 我寧愿你明天不要來.He ask the driver to stop the motobike. 他要那位司機(jī)攔下那輛摩托車.十七、區(qū)別下列詞組的不同含義: like to do sthlike doing sth stop to do sths

10、top doing sth remember to do sthremember doing sth forget to do sthforget doing sth十八、It takes sb some time to do sth.花費(fèi)某人一段時(shí)間干某事.It took me half an hour to do my homework yesterday. 昨天我花了半小時(shí)做 回家作業(yè) .It took Jim an hour and a half to read the book. 吉姆花了一個(gè)半小時(shí)看這本書 .It took mother one and a half hours t

11、o do the housework. 母親花了一個(gè)半小時(shí)干家務(wù).用漢字表述上面的句型為 :It + take + 人 + 一段時(shí)間 + to do sth.一段時(shí)間形式往往為像這樣的例子：fifteen minutes15分鐘,an hour 一個(gè)小時(shí)，two days兩天，half a month半個(gè)月,a year and a half一年半 等等十九、不定式的特殊句型too - totooto 太以至于He is too excited to speak.他太激動(dòng)了，說不出話來。Can I help you ? 需要我?guī)兔?Well, I'm afraid the box is too heavy for you to carry it, but thank you all the same. 不用了。這箱子太重，恐怕你搬不動(dòng)。謝謝您。如在 too 前有否定詞，則整個(gè)句子用否定詞表達(dá)肯定， too 后那個(gè)詞表達(dá)一種委婉含義，意為"不太"。It's never too late to mend.（諺語）改過不嫌晚。當(dāng)too前面有only, all, but時(shí)，意思是：非常 等于very。I'm only too pleased to be ab