2020高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)板塊2需要“變形”的名詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞和副詞第3講構(gòu)詞法教學(xué)案新人教版

1、第3講構(gòu)詞法全國卷考情分析題型典題試做命題解讀語 法 填 空1. （2019 全國卷出）Whenthey were free from work , they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting competition（compete）to watch , together with the story behind it.2. （2018。全國卷 I ）To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to strengthen （

2、strength） your leg muscles （肌肉），avoid hills and get good running shoes. Running is cheap, easy and it's always energetic（energy）3. （2018 全國卷 n ） A taste for meat is actually （actual） behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle.1 .給出形容詞提示詞，填寫副詞或名 詞；

3、2 .給出動詞提示詞，填寫名詞或形容 詞；3 .給出名詞提示詞，填寫形容詞或動 詞。短 文改 錯1. （2018 全國卷 I ）I felt happily that their life had improved. happily fhappy 2. （ 2018 全國卷出）Immediate, I raised my hand.Immediate fImmediately3. （2017 全國卷 I ）It was a relief andI came to a suddenly stop just in the middle of the road.suddenly fsudden1 .

4、形容詞和副詞的互相錯用；2 .形容詞和名詞的互相錯用；3 . -ed與-ing形容詞的互相錯用。合成法和轉(zhuǎn)化法題組試做1 .單句語法填空1. （2019 湖北七市聯(lián)考）Flowering in May, peonies' large petals and strong colors are linked to prosperity and （rich） in traditional Chinese culture.richness 考查名詞?？涨?and一詞決定其前后單詞詞性相同，and前prosperity（ 繁榮）是名詞，所以空處應(yīng)該也是名詞，形容詞 rich的名詞是richnes

5、s 。2. （ 2019 武漢武昌區(qū)調(diào)研）In fact, it must have a hard struggle to get its_（free） from the cocoon.freedom考查名詞?？仗幥懊媸切稳菰~性物主代詞its ,形容詞性物主代詞后面要接名詞，所以填名詞 freedom。3. （ 2019 合肥第一次教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測）Senior experts from UNESCOWere amazed at itsunique natural scenery, near perfect biological system, and creative （combine） of

6、nature and bination 考查名詞。由前面的形容詞creative 和后面的of可知，此處應(yīng)用combine 的名詞形式。4. （ 2019 -江西五校第一次聯(lián)考 ）The United Nations agency reported this week the12 superbugs are a threat to human （healthy）health考查名詞。介詞后跟名詞、代詞或動詞-ing形式作賓語。human health 意為“人類健康”，作介詞to的賓語。and is known for its5. （ 2019 河南豫北名校質(zhì)量評估 ）

7、Lanzhou beef noodle has a history of 102 years（taste） beef, soup and noodles.tasty 考查形容詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處在句中作定語，修飾名詞 beef ,故應(yīng)填 形容詞tasty "美味的，可口的”。n .單句改錯6. （ 2019 昆明檢測 ）We shared a moment of cosplay and happy. I even danced with the crowd.happy-happiness考查名詞。由"happy"前的"and”可知，此處與 cosp

8、lay（動漫角色扮演，名詞）為并列結(jié)構(gòu)，詞性應(yīng)相同，所以把 happy改為happiness。7. （ 2019 湖北八校第一次聯(lián)考 ）First, we can visit our relatives and friends orspend a happily time with our family.happily happy考查形容詞。根據(jù)該句中的名詞time可知，修飾該名詞，應(yīng)用形容詞。句意：首先，我們能拜訪我們的親朋好友，或者和家人一起度過快樂的時光。8. （ 2019 山東濰坊一模）After all, doing exercise is a good way to keep he

9、alth.health healthy 句意：畢竟，鍛煉是保持健康的好辦法。錯誤處應(yīng)該用形容詞而非 名詞作keep的表語，故將 health 改為healthy 。要點(diǎn)解讀（一）合成法合成詞是由兩個或兩個以上的詞合成一個新詞的構(gòu)詞方式（有的合成詞中間需加連字符）。合成詞的詞義可以根據(jù)各個組成部分的意思加以推斷。構(gòu)成合成詞的幾個詞可以是詞性相同的詞也可以是詞性不同的詞。高中階段常見的合成形式有：合成名詞notebook 筆t己本； classroom 教室； blackboard 黑板；teamwork 配合； spaceship 宇宙飛船；woodcut木亥U合成形容詞lifelong畢生的；

10、second-hand 二手的；man- made人工的； widespread 廣泛的合成動詞underline 畫底線標(biāo)出；whitewash 粉飾；broadcast 廣播；download 下載（二）轉(zhuǎn)化法不增加任何成分，不改變詞形，把一個單詞由一種詞性轉(zhuǎn)化為另外一種詞性的構(gòu)詞法叫轉(zhuǎn)化法。高中階段常見的轉(zhuǎn)化形式有:名詞一動詞button紐扣一 button 扣上紐扣形容詞一動詞correct 正確的一 correct 改正動詞一名詞feed喂養(yǎng)一 feed 一餐，一頓形容詞一名詞native 本地的一 native 本地人副詞一動詞up在上面一 up提高（三）派生法考點(diǎn)一形容詞加ly變

11、為副詞的規(guī)律題組試做單句語法填空1. The boy ran quickly(quick)to school.2. "What's that ? ” Father shouted angrily(angry)3. The little girl is extremely(extreme)eager to know the result of the exam.4. Your composition is badly(bad)organized.Please do your writing exercise more attentively(attend)next time.要

12、點(diǎn)解讀1 . 一般情況加ly。如：real really ; careful carefully ; polite politely ;quick fquickly2 .“輔音字母+ y”結(jié)尾的，將 y 改為 ily 。如：angry angrily ; busybus ily ; heavyfheavily3 .以 ble 結(jié)尾的，將 ble 改為 bly 。如：probable probably ; possible possibly4 .個別單詞，去掉 e再加ly o如：true truly5 .以 ic 結(jié)尾的,力口 ally 。如：basicfbasically ; energeti

13、c fenergetically注意有的名詞+ly 一形容詞，如：friend friendly ; daydaily考點(diǎn)二動詞/名詞變形容詞的常見后綴題組試做I .單句語法填空1. He is rather selfish(self) so that nobody prefers to have a talk with him.2. The good working condition in the factory is attractive(attract)3. He is reliable(rely) so you can depend on him.4. They are nervou

14、s(nerve) about their first trip abroad.5. The flower is harmful(harm) to our health.n .單句改錯6. Most people nowadays are so busy with their lives that they do not have time to enjoy a healthy and balance diet.balance fbalanced7. . I don't think it a reason practice for them to behave that way in o

15、ur society. reasonfreasonable要點(diǎn)解讀后綴例詞-ableaccept-acceptable 可接受的 comfort -comfortable 舒適的 fashion ffashionable 時髦的 suit 一suitable 合適的reason f reasonable 后道理的-almusicfmusical 首樂的origin foriginal 最初的person f personal 個人的； 私人的center -central中央的；中心的nature natural自然的；天生的-fuldoubt doubtful 懷疑的forget forge

16、tful健忘的harm一harmful 后害的hope-hopeful 有布望的peacefpeaceful 和平的-ibleaccessfaccessible 容易取得的horror horrible可怕的；恐怖的terror - terrible可怕的-iveact active 積極的；活躍的effect effective 功效的；生效的attract - attractive 有吸引力的impress fimpressive 給人深刻印象的-ouscontinue fcontinuous 不斷的；持續(xù)的anxiety fanxious 憂慮的caution -cautious 十分小

17、心的；謹(jǐn)慎的curiosity fcurious 好奇的humorf humorous 幽默的-sometire ftiresome 令人厭倦的trouble ftroublesome 麻煩的-ytaste tasty 美味的；可口的health healthy 健康的wealth wealthy 富裕的；豐富的-erneastfeastern 東方 的；向東的-ishchild childish孩子氣的fool foolish愚蠢的；可笑的self selfish自私的-icscience fscientific 科學(xué)的economy-economic 經(jīng)濟(jì)的history 一 histor

18、ic歷史上著名的-aryimaginefimaginary 想象中的考點(diǎn)三動詞變名詞的后綴題組試做1 .單句語法填空1. Annan will be remembered for his ability and his warmth(warm)2. Without hesitation(hesitate) , I decided to follow them and we did have lots of fun that day.n .單句改錯3. . It is a very effective way to learn the language and improve your pron

19、ounce. pronouncefpr onunciation要點(diǎn)解讀后綴例詞approvefapproval 贊成； 批準(zhǔn)arrive farrival至U來；至U達(dá)-alsurvive fsurvival 幸存proposefproposal 提議； 建議appear fappearance 出現(xiàn)；夕卜貌guide-guidance 指弓 1;指導(dǎo)-anceperform fperformance 表演； 節(jié)目-enceexist fexistence 存在； 生存prefer 一 preference 偏愛refer 一 reference 參考； 查閱attract 一 attract

20、ion 吸弓 I-ioncompete fcompetition 比賽； 競爭-tioninvite 一 invitation 邀請； 請柬-ationgraduate f graduation 畢業(yè)expect f expectation 期待； 期望explain fexplanation解釋-(s)siondiscuss fdiscussion 討論；辯論decide fdecision 決定admitfadmission 接納； 準(zhǔn)許入學(xué)-inghearfhearing 聽力； 聽覺begin f beginning 開始-mentachievefachievement 功績；成就ar

21、guefargument 辯論；論據(jù)treat 一 treatment 對待； 治療-ure-turefail failure 失??；故障depart -departure 離開；出發(fā)press f pressure 壓力mix - mixture混合；混合物-yrecover frecovery 恢復(fù)； 痊愈discover - discovery 發(fā)現(xiàn)其他choosefchoice 選擇vary variety 多樣化；種類tendftendency 趨向；趨勢考點(diǎn)四形容詞變名詞的后綴題組試做1 .單句語法填空1. I'm doing Tom's job in his ab

22、sence(absent)2. He has the ability(able)to do the job.n .單句改錯3. We fear that we do not have the strong and courage to face the truth of our situation. strong fstrength要點(diǎn)解讀后綴例詞-ageshort fshortage 不足；短缺-cyefficient-efficiency效率；功效fluent ffluency 流禾 1;流暢accurate faccuracy 準(zhǔn)確性private fprivacy 隱私；私密-domf

23、reeffreedom 自由；自在 wise 一wisdom 明智； 智慧-cedifferent fdifference 差異silent fsilence 沉默-nessweaCweakness 虛弱；弱點(diǎn) kind fkindness 仁怒；好意 careless fcarelessness 粗心人忌-thgrow-growth成長；發(fā)展 strong - strength 力氣；強(qiáng)項(xiàng)warm warmth溫暖；熱情-y-ty-itydifficult difficulty 困難cruel cruelty 殘酷；殘暴safe fsafetydisable disability 無能；傷殘

24、responsible fresponsibility 責(zé)任考點(diǎn)五表示人的后綴題組試做單句語法填空1. The famous actress(act)is dancing with her fans.2. We should respect everyone , even a beggar(beg)3. My boss is not here.Do you like to speak to one of his assistants(assist)?要點(diǎn)解讀后綴例詞-erteach fteacher 老師village fvillager 村民strange fstranger 陌生人 (注：

25、cookcooker 爐灶，爐具)-arlie 一 liar 說謊者-eeemployfemployee 受MW;雇員interview f interviewee被面試看train trainee受訓(xùn)練的人；學(xué)員-orinvent finventor 發(fā)明家act 一 actor 男演員educate - educator 教育家；教師-essact-actress 女演員god-goddess 女神host - hostess持人-eseChinaChinese 中國人JapanfJapanese 日本人-nAmericafAmerican 美國人Australia Australian澳

26、洲人-ianmusicfmusician 首樂豕history 一 historian歷史學(xué)家politics - politician政治家；政客-istnovel f novelist小說家special fspecialist 專家tour ftourist觀#-antservefservant 仆人participate fparticipant參力者assist assistant助手；圖書管理員考點(diǎn)六表示否定或相反意義的前綴和后綴題組試做I.單句語法填空1 . As they couldn't play outdoors , they were unhappy(happy)

27、 , and some even gotinto fights from time to time.2 . People on welfare are wrongly seen as lazy or dishonest(honest)3 . Informal(formal) clothes are suitable for wearing at home or in ordinary situations.n .單句改錯4 . I know as an excellent guide I should make your journey interesting and meaningless.

28、 meaningless fmeaningful要點(diǎn)解讀前/后綴例詞刖綴dis -agree f disagree 不同意advantage fdisadvantage 缺點(diǎn)il -legal illegal不合法的logical illogical不合邏輯的im-polite 一 impolite 無禮的patient -impatient 不耐煩的in -formal 一informal 非正式的convenient finconvenient 不方便的ir -regular firregular不規(guī)貝 U 的responsible firresponsible 不負(fù)責(zé)任的mis-lead

29、 fmislead 誤導(dǎo)understand f misunderstand 誤解non-non- smoker不吸煙者non- stop直達(dá)的un-usual f unusual 不尋常的willing 一 unwilling 小愿意的后綴-lesshop hopeless 絕望的end endless 沒完沒了的考點(diǎn)七變動詞的前綴和后綴題組試做單句語法填空1. Travelling abroad can broaden(broad)our horizons.2. The clever boy has the ability to simplify(simple) that dull sto

30、ry.3. He eventually realized(real)his ambition to become a scientist.要點(diǎn)解讀前/后綴例詞刖綴en-able -enable 使能夠 large fenlarge 擴(kuò)大 rich -enrich 使充實(shí)后綴-enbroad f broaden(使)變寬 ripe ripen(使)成熟sharpfsharpen 使尖銳wide -widen 力口寬-ifyclass fclassify 把分類just 一justify 證明正確simple 一 simplify 簡化-izeapologyfapologize 道歉emphasi

31、sfemphasize 強(qiáng)調(diào)考點(diǎn)八-ed形容詞和-ing形容詞題組試做單句語法填空1. The frightening shout frightened the boys. = The shout was frightening and the boys felt frightened. (frighten)2. His surprised(surprise) look suggested that he knew nothing about it.3. The story sounds interesting and we are interested in the story.(inter

32、est)要點(diǎn)解讀些動詞， 如 excite , disappoint , encourage , puzzle , surprise , confuse , interest , satisfy , please , shock, astonish , disturb , bore 等，其現(xiàn)在分詞(ing)和過去分詞(ed) 都能轉(zhuǎn)化為形容詞。The story was very moving and we were deeplymoved.這個故事非常感人，我們都被深深地感動了。易錯提醒此類形容詞作定語修飾表情和聲音時，動詞的""-ing形式和動詞的-ed的區(qū)別：動詞的-

33、ing 形式用來說明主語的特性，表示該表情或聲音令人怎么樣，因此譯作“令 人的”；動詞的-ed形式用來說明發(fā)出該表情或聲音的人所處的一種狀態(tài)。1 .單句語法填空1. ( 2019 武漢武昌區(qū)調(diào)研)Driven by the (curious)in my heart, I decidedto go to the cinema to see the cartoon filmNe Zhacuriosity考查名詞。curious為形容詞，由前面的冠詞 the可知，此處應(yīng)用名詞；driven by the curiosity 意為"受好奇心驅(qū)使”。2. ( 2019 重慶西北狼教育聯(lián)盟第一次

34、聯(lián)考)Nothing I did seemed to make any (different). “It can't be the fuel , " I thought.difference 考查名詞。make any difference為固定搭配，意為“有任何影響”。3. (2019 昆明質(zhì)量檢測)Erica Kenney , a (science) at Harvard T. H.ChanSchool of Public Health , originally planned to look into the amount of sugary drinks that k

35、ids were consuming in schools.scientist考查名詞。根據(jù)該句中的不定冠詞a可知，該處用名詞，表示“一位科學(xué)1豕。4. （2019 贛州聯(lián)考）She took me from a poor, unhappy college student and brought me into her world : a world of smiles , love and （warm）warmth 考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。根據(jù)空前的內(nèi)容可知，空處與 smiles和love構(gòu)成并列關(guān)系， 故此處用名詞形式，故填warmth。5. （ 2019 成都第二次診斷）When you do g

36、o for hot pot, you will often be asked to make a （choose） of broth in which you cook your raw ingredients（食材）.choice考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。根據(jù)空前的a和空后的of可知空處應(yīng)填名詞的單數(shù)形式。6. . （ 2019 福建六校聯(lián)考）Staying （health） while traveling can help to ensure your trip is a happy and enjoyable one.healthy考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。句意：在旅行的過程中保持健康有助于確保你的旅途開心、愉

37、快。stay為系動詞，意為“保持”，其后常接形容詞作表語。故填 healthy 。7. （ 2019 河南信陽高中第二次大考）At first, many people disliked this style ofpainting and became very （anger） about it.angry考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。句意：起初，許多人不喜歡這種繪畫風(fēng)格，并對此感到很生氣。系動詞became后面應(yīng)用形容詞作表語，故填 angry。be angry about sth. 意為“對某事感到 生氣”，為固定短語。8. （2019 鄭州第二次質(zhì)量檢測 ）On NewYear's Day, w

38、e visited every neighbor in the village and were greeted （warm） at each house.warmly 考查副詞。根據(jù)空前的were greeted可知，空處修飾動詞，故用副詞形式。n .單句改錯1. （ 2019 成都模擬 ）As we know, challenge as it was, it was very benefit to us.benefit beneficial考查形容詞。be beneficial to 對有益。2. . （ 2019 ?？谡{(diào)研測試 ）I am so luck to have some fri

39、ends who share the same interest with me. luck lucky系動詞be后應(yīng)用形容詞，故將 luck改為lucky 。3. （2019 淮北模擬 ）We're living in a world where we can never stress the important of sharing too much. important fimportance stress the importance of sharing意為 “強(qiáng)調(diào)共享的重要性”。4. （2019 成者B模擬）I am confidence to take care of m

40、yself, wash the clothes, and clean the rooms, which I never did when at home. confidence confi dent系動詞be后用形容詞作表語。5. (2019 西安模擬)It was the first time I had lived away from my home, so I found it difficulty to fit in.difficulty difficult此題考查 find it + adj. + to do 結(jié)構(gòu)。I .語法填空6. 019 安徽省示范高中試題 )Proper ex

41、ercise is beneficial to our health.As theexperts say , swimming is an excellent way to work your entire body.An hour of swimming 1. (burn) almost as many calories as running.There are a host of benefits you may gain from swimming 2. (regular) .One of 3. biggest benefits of swimming is that it truly

42、works well fromhead to toe.It can not only increase your heart rate without 4. (stress) your body, but also build up your muscles and 5. (strong) . Besides , swimming makes your heart and lung strong.It is so good for you that researchers say it may even reduce your risk of death. 6. (compare) with

43、inactive people , 7. (swim) have about half the risk of death.Some other studies have shown that swimming may help lower blood pressure and control blood sugar.The number of persons 8. experience some level of insomnia(失眠癥)isincreasing , so this is excellent news the researchers conclude that swimmi

44、ng is a potentially powerful way to relieve stress quickly and promote deeper sleep.Swimming is safe for most people.As with any work out there are certain risksassociated with swimming.If you 9.(injure) or have certain medical conditions , be sure to check with your doctor before swimming.10.genera

45、l , it's a good idea to check with your doctor whenever you start a new exercise program.1. burns 考查時態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：游泳一小時幾乎和跑步一小時燃燒的卡路里一 樣多。根據(jù)句意可知，該句陳述的是一般事實(shí)，故用一般現(xiàn)在時；且該句主語為“ An hour of swimming”,屬于第三人稱單數(shù)，故謂語動詞用 burns。2. regularly考查副詞。句意：經(jīng)常游泳你將獲益良多?？仗幮揎梽用~"swimming",故用其副詞形式。3. the 考查冠詞。根據(jù)空后的

46、"biggest ”可知，空處應(yīng)用定冠詞the。4. stressing考查非謂語動詞。根據(jù)空前的介詞"without ”可知，空處應(yīng)用動名詞形式。該處是說，游泳可以讓身體在不緊張的情況下提高心率。5. strength考查名詞。該處是說，游泳還可以增強(qiáng)肌肉和力量。根據(jù)空前的“ yourmuscles”可知，空處用名詞形式。6. Compared 考查非謂語動詞。該句的主語和動詞 compare之間為邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，表示“與不活躍的人相比”，故用其過去分詞形式。7. swimmers 考查名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。句意：與不活躍的人相比，游泳者只有大約一半的 死亡風(fēng)險。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可

47、知，空處為該句的主語，表示“游泳者”，故用其名詞形式；且 swimmer為可數(shù)名詞，而該處表示群體，故用其復(fù)數(shù)形式。 8. who/that 考查定語從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，該句為定語從句，空處應(yīng)為引導(dǎo)詞， 在從句中作主語，先行詞為persons ,故用who/that引導(dǎo)該定語從句。9. are injured考查被動語態(tài)。句意：如果你受傷或患某種疾病，在游泳前一定要咨詢醫(yī)生。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，該句主語和動詞injure 之間為被動關(guān)系，故用被動語態(tài)。10. In 考查固定搭配。in general 為固定搭配，意為“總的來說，通?！?。句意：通常，無論何時在開始新的鍛煉項(xiàng)目之前，向醫(yī)生核實(shí)一下是一個好方法。n.短文改錯Born in America, ThomasEdison was a great scientist and an inventor. He was once thought to be a boy whom was