主謂一致知識點(diǎn)歸納及專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練

1、主謂一致英語句子中，主語的“人稱”和“數(shù)”要限制，決定謂語動詞的形式變化，這就叫“主謂一致”關(guān)系。它通常依據(jù)三項(xiàng)原則：1）語法一致；2）意義一致；3）就近一致。【語法一致原則】I.主語的“人稱”決定i1語動詞的形式。e.g.Ilove/Shelovesmusic.我/她愛好音樂。Areyourmotheraworker?（誤）你母親是工人嗎？Isyourmotheraworker?（正）（主語yourmother是單數(shù)第三人稱）II.主語的“數(shù)”決定謂語動詞的形式。1 .“不可數(shù)名詞、可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)、單數(shù)代詞、不定式（短語）、動名詞（短語）”或“從句”等作主語，用單數(shù)謂語形式。e.g.Thewo

2、rkisimportant.這項(xiàng)工作重要。Toservethecountryisourduty.為祖國服務(wù)是我們的義務(wù)。Howandwhyheleftwasasadstory.他離開的經(jīng)過和原因是一段傷心的經(jīng)歷。2 .復(fù)數(shù)的名詞、代詞一般接復(fù)數(shù)謂語形式。e.g.Thechildrenaretakengoodcareof.孩子們得至U很好的照料。TheyhavegonetoChengdu.他們?nèi)コ烧連了。II.以"and"或"bothand”連接的并列主語：1.通常作復(fù)數(shù)用。e.g.Plasticsandrubberneverrot.塑料和橡膠從不腐爛。Whathe

3、saysandwhathedoesdonotagree.他言行不一致。BothTomandIarefondofmedicine.我和湯姆都喜歡醫(yī)學(xué)。2.如果并列主語指的是“同一個”人（事、物、抽象概念），作單數(shù)用。e.g. Theworkerandwriterhascome.這位工人作家來了。 Acartandhorsewasseeninthedistance.遠(yuǎn)處能看見有套馬車。 Truthandhonestyisthebestpolicy.真誠是最好的策略。3."and”前、后的單數(shù)詞語都有“each,every,many,a,no”等修飾時，仍作單數(shù)用。e.g.Everyboy

4、andeverygirlenjoysequalrightshere.這里每個男孩和每個女孩都享有平等權(quán)益。Noteacherandnostudentisexcusedfromtakingpartintheactivity.沒有哪個教或?qū)W生可以免于參加這項(xiàng)活動。W.主語前、后加表“數(shù)、量”等的修飾語時：1.a)“manya+單名”接單數(shù)謂語："agood(great)many+復(fù)名”接復(fù)數(shù)謂語。e.g.Manyafinemanhasdiedforit.許多優(yōu)秀戰(zhàn)士為此獻(xiàn)出了生命。Agreatmanyparentswerepresentatthemeeting.許多家長出席了會議。b)

5、"a/an+單名+ortwo"大多接單數(shù)謂語："oneortwo+復(fù)名"接復(fù)數(shù)謂語。e.g. Onlyawordortwois(are)needed.只需說一兩句。 Oneortworeasomsweresuggested.提出一兩條理由。c) "a/an+單名+andahalf"常接單數(shù)謂語；"oneandahalf+復(fù)名”多接復(fù)數(shù)謂語。e.g. Ayearandahalfhaspassed.一年半已過去了。 Oneandahalftonsofricearesold.已賣了一噸半大米。d) "morethanon

6、e+單名"大多接單數(shù)謂語。e.g. Morethanonepersonwas(were)absent.不止一個人缺席。"more+復(fù)名+thanone"接復(fù)數(shù)謂語。e.g. Morestudentsthanonehavebeenthere.不止一個學(xué)生去過那兒。"morethantwo(three,)+復(fù)名"接復(fù)數(shù)謂語。e.g. Morethanonehundredstudentshaveattendedtheconcert.不止一百名學(xué)生聽了這場音樂會。2,主語前加表示“單位、度量”的短語如"akind(sort/type/form

7、/pair/cup/glass/piece/load/block/box/handful/quantity/ton/metre/)of”等時，表示“單位、度量”的這個名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)決定謂語形式。e.g.只剩下少量的紙（書）了。a）Thereisonlyasmallquantityofpaper（books）left.Largequantitiesofwaterareneeded.b）Thiskindofappleissweet. Thiskindofapplesis（are）sweet. Thesekind（s）ofapple（s）aresweet.但:Applesofthiskindaresw

8、eet.3.主語后接“with需要大量的水。這種蘋果甜。（大多依kind,作單數(shù)用）（總作復(fù)數(shù)用）（總作復(fù)數(shù)用）等構(gòu)成的短語修飾成分時：謂語仍須與這類短語前的“主語”一致?？蓸?gòu)成這類短語的常用“with,alongwith,togetherwith,aswellas,but,besides,except,addedto,including,like,nolessthan,ratherthan,morethan”等。e.g.Awomanwithtwochildrenhascome.一位婦女帶著兩個孩子來了。Iaswellastheyamreadytohelpyou.不僅他們，我也愿幫助你。4.

9、"oneof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+定語從句"：1）定語從句的先行詞通常是這個“復(fù)數(shù)名詞”，因此從句的謂語用復(fù)數(shù)形式。e.g. Thisisoneofthebestnovelsthathaveappearedthisyear.這是今年出版的最佳說之一。（關(guān)系詞"that"代"novels"） Hewasoneoftheboyswhowerepraised.他是受表揚(yáng)的男孩之一。2）若"one"前加"this,the,theonly”等時，定語從句的關(guān)系詞指代one,作從句主語時，接單數(shù)謂語。e.g.Hewastheo

10、nlyoneoftheboyswhowaspraaised.他是男孩中唯一受到表揚(yáng)的。（關(guān)系詞who代theonlyone）【意義一致原則（NotionalConcord）I.集合名詞作主語時：（參見“名詞”部分）1 .有些通常作復(fù)數(shù)用（不變詞形）。如："people,police,cattle（牛，牲口），folk,youth,militia（民兵）"，等。e.g.Thepolicehavecaughtthemurderer.警方已捕獲兇手。2 .有些指“整體”時作單數(shù)，指其中的“成員”時作復(fù)數(shù)（不變詞形）。如"army,audience（聽眾）,class,c

11、lub（俱樂吾日）,company（公司）,committee（委員會）,crew,crowd,staff（員工）,family,public,government,group,party,union,couple,population,team."等。e.g.Ourfamilyisahappyone.我們有個幸福的家庭。 Thefamilyareearlyrisers.這家人都起得早。 Thepublicare（is）requestednottolitter.請公眾不要亂扔廢棄物。但上述集合名詞也可有復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：families,twoclasses.等。有些變復(fù)數(shù)形式后意義不同

12、。如：peoples多個民族。youths男青年。folks親友。II.代詞作主語時：（參見“代詞”部分）1 .不定代詞"each,one,much,（a）little,elther,neither,another,theother（+單名）"等常作單數(shù)用。它們所修飾的主語也作單數(shù)。e.g. Eachofthegirls（Eachgirl）hasanewhat.每個女孩都有頂新帽子。 Neitherplansuitsme.Neitheroftheplanssuits/suitme.兩個計劃都不適合我。2 .下列復(fù)合不定代詞一般作單數(shù)用：“someone,somebody,s

13、omething,anybody,anyone,anything,everybody,everyone,eveything,nobody,noone,nothig”等。e.g.Iseverybodyhere?都到齊了嗎？Therewasnothingspecialthen.那時沒什么特別情況。3 .下列不定代詞作復(fù)數(shù)用：“（a）few,many,several,both”等。e.g.Few（oftheguests）werefamiliartous.沒幾個（客人）是我們熟識的。Both/Both（of）theseareinteresting.兩部影片都有趣。4下列代詞須視其“具體所指”來決定單、

14、復(fù)數(shù)：1） “what,which,who,whose”等。e.g.Whoisyourbrother?你兄弟是誰？WhoareLeagueMembers.哪些是團(tuán)員？2） "all,some,more,most,any,none,alot（of）,lots（of）,"等。e.g.All（ofthestudents）areworkinghard.（所有的學(xué)生）都在用功。（這些油漆）都很好。All(ofthepaint)isfine.3） "half（of）,plenty（of）,therest（of）,（a）part（of）,theremainder（of）余下的）

15、"，等。e.g.Halfoftheapplesarebad.蘋果中有一半是壞的。Halfoftheappleisbad.這只蘋果壞了一半。出.“數(shù)詞”、“數(shù)量、單位”等詞語作主語時：（參見“數(shù)詞”部分。）1 .表示“運(yùn)算”的數(shù)詞通常作單數(shù)。e.g.Tentimesfourmakes（make）forty.+乘以四得四十。2 .表“時間、距離、金額、度量衡”等的詞語，作“整體”看時作單數(shù)用，側(cè)重指“若干單位”時作復(fù)數(shù)用。e.g.Twentyyearsisnotalongtime.二十年光陰,彈指揮間。Twentyyearshavepassedsinceheleft.他離開已二十個年頭了

16、。3 .“分?jǐn)?shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù)”通常依其“具體所指”來決定單、復(fù)數(shù)。e.g. About40percent/two-fifthsofthebookshereare（is）worthreading.這些書中百分之四十/五分之二值得讀。 Onlysixtypercent/three-fifthsoftheworkwasdoneyesterday.昨天只干完了百分之六十/五分之三的工作。4 ."anumberof（許多）/avarletyof（各式各樣）"+復(fù)數(shù)名詞，常作復(fù)數(shù)用。e.g.Anumberofstudentsinthisclassare（is）fromSichuan.這個班有

17、不少同學(xué)來自四川。Thereareavarietyoftoysinthisshop.這家商店有各種各樣的玩具。但是，"thenumber（數(shù)目）/thevariety（種類）"+of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞，單數(shù)。e.g. Thenumberofstudentsinthiscollegehasdoubled.這所大學(xué)的學(xué)生人數(shù)翻了一番。 Thevarietyofgoodsinthisshopisrich.這家商店貨物品種豐富。IV.單、復(fù)數(shù)同形或易混的詞作主語時：（參見“名詞”部分）1 .以“-ics”結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名詞：指教育、科研的某一學(xué)科，作單數(shù)。e.g.Mathematicsseem

18、seasytome.我似乎覺得數(shù)學(xué)不難。但是，表“具體的學(xué)業(yè)、活動”等時，多用作復(fù)數(shù)。e.g.Hermathematicsareweak.她數(shù)學(xué)差。（指“學(xué)業(yè)成績、能力”）Whatareyourpolitiscs?你的政治觀點(diǎn)如何？2 ."works工廠，means方法，series系列，species物種，aircraft飛機(jī)”等名詞單、復(fù)數(shù)同形,要從上下文判斷其具體意義來決定單、復(fù)數(shù)。e.g.Thisworkswas(Theseworkswere)builttwoyearsago.這(幾)家工廠是兩年前修建的。Everymeanshas(Allmeanshave)beentrie

19、d.各種辦法者B試過了。這類名詞通常還有“fish,deer,sheep,headquarters（總部駐地）,bellows（風(fēng)箱），plastics,gallows（絞架），manners（禮貌）,whereabouts（行蹤），”等。（但news（消息）是不可數(shù)名詞，通常只作單數(shù)用。）V."the+形容詞/分詞"作主語時：1 .指“一類”人或事物時，常用作復(fù)數(shù)用。e.g. TheEnglishspeakEnglish.英國人講英語。 Therejectedwereheapedinthecorner.廢品堆在角落里。2 .指“某一個”人，或“抽象的”事物時，作單數(shù)用。e

20、.g. Thedeceasedwashisfather.去世的是他父親。 Theagreeableisnotalwaystheuseful.好看的不定中用。Thenewandprogressivealwayswinsovertheold.新生、進(jìn)步的事物總是要戰(zhàn)勝舊的東西。W.專用名詞作主語時：1 .“書名、劇名、報刊名、國家名”等通常作單數(shù)用。e.g.TheUnitedStateswasfoundedin1776.美國成立于1776年。TheArabianNightsisveryinteresting.天方夜譚很有趣。2 .“書刊名”有時作單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)兩可，尤其是編成集子的書。e.g.Dick

21、ens'AmerianNoteswere（was）publishedin1842.狄更斯所著的美國筆記出版于1842年。W“what等引導(dǎo)的從句”作主語時：1.大多作單數(shù)用。e.g.Whatweneedismorepractice.我們需要的是更多的實(shí)踐。Whathesaysdoesn'tagreewithwhathedoes.他言行不一致。2.若從句是含復(fù)數(shù)意義的并列結(jié)構(gòu)、或“表語”是復(fù)數(shù)時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)兩可。e.g.Whatyousayandthinkis/arenobusinessofmine.你怎么說以及怎么想，不關(guān)我的事。Whatheboughtwas/wer

22、esomebooks.他所買的是幾本書?！揪徒恢略瓌t（Proximity）也稱“鄰近原則”，即：謂語與靠近的名詞、代詞（有時不一定是主語）在“人稱、數(shù)”上一致。I.在正式文體中：1 .由下歹U詞語連接的并歹U主語："or;eitheror;nor;neitheror;whetheror;not-but;notonly-butalso"等。e.g. Whathedoesorwhathesaysdoesnotconcernme.他的行為或言談都與我無關(guān)。 NeitheryounorIamwrong.你和我都沒錯。Notyoubutyourfatheristoblame.不是你

23、，而是你父親該受責(zé)備。Notonlyyouhut（also）heiswrong.不僅你錯了，他也錯了。2 .在倒裝句中：謂語可與后面第一個主語一致。e.g. Inthedistancewasheardtheclappingofhandsandtheshoutsofthepeople.在遠(yuǎn)處，能聽見鼓掌聲和人們的呼喊聲。 Thereis（are）apenandsomebooksonthedesk.桌上有支車W筆和幾本書。II.非正式文體中：有時依“就近一致原則”，但也可依“意義一致原則”或嚴(yán)格地依“語法一致原則”。e.g.NeithershenorIwerethere（意義一致）我和他當(dāng)時都不在

24、那兒。（非正式）NeithershenorIwasthere.（就近一致）（譯文同上句）（正式）但是，如果依“就近一致原則”而與其他兩項(xiàng)原則相矛盾時，則常常認(rèn)為是不太合符規(guī)范的。e.g.Nooneexcepthisownsupportersagreewithhim.僅他自己的支持者同意他的意見。（依"就近"和“意義”一致的原則；但語法上，“Noone”才是主語，謂語要改成“agrees”。“寫作中”一般要依“語法一致”原則。主謂一致練習(xí)題1 .NobodybutJanethesecret.A.knowB.knowsC.haveknownD.isknown2 .Allbuto

25、neherejustnowA.isB.wasC.hasbeenD.were3 .NotonlyIbutalsoJaneandMarytiredofhavingoneexaminationafteranother.A.isB.areC.amD.be4 .Alibrarywithfivethousndbookstothenationasagift.A.isofferedB.haveofferedC.areofferedD.hasoffered5 .Whenandwheretobuildthenewfactoryyet.A.isnotdecidedB.arenotdecidedC.hasnotdec

26、idedD.havenotdecided6 .Thenumberofpeopleinvitedfifty,butanumberofthemabsentfordifferentreasons.A.were,wasB.was,wasC.was,wereD.were,were7.ofthelandinthatdistrictcoveredwithtreesandgrass.A.Twofifth,isB.Twofifth,areC.Twofifths,isD.Twofifths,are8.Thisisoneofthemostinterestingquestionsthatasked.A.haveB.h

27、asC.havebeenD.hasbeen9.Betweenthetworowsoftreestheteachingbuilding.A.standB.standsC.standingD.are10 .AllthatcanbedoneA.hasbeendoneB.hasdoneC.havedoneD.weredone11 .Theyeachanewdictionary.A.hasB.haveC.isD.are12 .Thesingerandthedancercometothemeeting.A.hasB.haveC.areD.is13.1 havefinishedalargepartofthe

28、book;therestmoredifficult.A.isB.areC.wasD.were14.Thewoundedbythehospital.A.havebeentakeninB.hasbeentakeninC.havetakeninD.hastakeninKEYS:1-5BDBAC6-10CCCBA11-14BBAASubject-verbConcord（主謂一致練習(xí)題）1. NeitherhenorIfortheplan.a.wereb.isc.ared.am2. MyfamilyaswellasIgladtoseeyou.a.wasb.isc.ared.am3. Myfather,t

29、ogetherwithsomeofhisoldfriends,therealready.a.willbeb.hadbeenc.hasbeend.havebeen4. Therearetworoadsandeithertothestation.a.isleadingb.areleadingc.leadd.leads5. Nineplusthreetwelve.a.aremakingb.ismakingc.maked.makes6. Twentymilesalongwaytocover.a.seemtobeb.isc.ared.were7. Veryfewhisaddressinthetown.a

30、.hasknownb.areknowingc.knowd.knows8. Whenandwherethistookplacestillunknown.a.hasb.isc.wered.are9. Iknowthatallgettingonwellwithher.a.wereb.arec.isd.was10. Therestofthenovelveryinteresting.a.seemb.isc.ared.were11. Ourfamilyahappyone.a.areb.wasc.ared.is12. Theboysittingbythewindowistheonlyoneofthestud

31、entswhofromthecountrysideinourschool.a.wasb.werec.isd.are13. Morethanoneanswertothequestion.a.hadgivenb.weregivenc.hasbeengivend.havebeengiven14. ThestudentsinourschooleachanEnglishdictionary.a.arehavingb.hadc.hasd.have15. Thepairofshoeswornout.a.hadbeenb.havebeenc.wered.was16. Aprofessorandawriterp

32、resentatthemeeting.a.hadbeenb.werec.isd.was17. Thosewhosingingmayjoinus.a.isfondofb.enjoyc.likesd.areliking18. Thereaknifeandforkonthetable.a.areb.isseemingtobec.seemtobed.seemstobe19. Over80percentofthepopulationworkers.a.willbeb.arec.isd.was20. Thewholeclass_greatlymovedathiswords.a.isb.hadc.wered

33、.was21. Thewoundedgoodcareofherenow.a.istakingb.aretakingc.arebeingtakend.istaken22. Deer_fasterthandogs.a.willrunb.arerunningc.runsd.run23. Thepolice_aprisoner.a.aresearchedforb.issearchingc.aresearchingford.issearchingfor24. Itwasreportedthatsixincludingaboy.a.hadkilledb.waskillingc.werekilledd.wa

34、skilled25. TheUnitedNationsin1945.a.wasfoundb.wasfoundedc.werefoundedd.werefound26. I,whoyourgoodfriend,willshareyourjoysandsorrows.a.wasb.arec.isd.am27. Betweenthetwobuildings_amonument.a.isstandingb.standingc.standsd.stand28. Layingeggstheantqueen'sfull-timejob.a.haveb.hasc.ared.is29. Peter,pe

35、rhapsJohn,playingwiththelittledog.a.seemsb.werec.ared.is30. Manyastudentthatmistakebefore.a.hadmadeb.hasbeenmadec.havemaded.hasmade31. TheArabianNightswellknowntoEnglishlovers.a.isbeingb.arec.wered.is32. Yournewclothesfityou,butmine_me.a.dontfitforb.doesntfitforc.dontfitd.doesntfit33. Tom'steach

36、erandfriendMrSmith.a.hasb.arebeingc.isd.are34. Allthatcanbeeateneatenup.a.havebeenb.hadbeenc.hasbeend.arebeing35. Somepersoncallingforyouatthegate.a.willbeb.isbeingc.isd.are36. Oneachsideofthestreetalotoftrees.a.aregrownb.isstandingc.growd.stands37. Thenumberofthepeoplewhocarsincreasing.a.own.areb.o

37、wn-isc.owns-isd.ownsare38. NooneexceptJackandTom_theanswer.a.areknowsb.isknowingc.knowsd.know39. Nothingbutcars_intheshop.a.aregoingtosellb.weresoldc.aresoldd.issold40. Hereisamessageofimportancetoeverymanandwomanwho.a.votesb.votec.votingd.arevoting41. PoliticsoneofthesubjectsthatIstudy.a.areb.isc.w

38、ered.was42. _alreadybeeninterviewed.a.Anumberofapplicantshaveb.Anumberofapplicantshasc.Thenumberofapplicantshaved.Thenumberofapplicantshas43. ismisusedinthesentence.a.Awordortwob.Oneortwowordsc.Oneandtwowordsd.Manywords44. There_pricelessjewelleryondisplayattheexhibitionhall.a.areb.havec.isd.has45. Iamtheonewho_wrong.a.