rhombencephalon課件

1、Rhombencephalon or hindbrainRhombencephalonMedulla oblongataPonsMesencephalon (midbrain)CerebullumMedulla oblongata Posterior cranial fossa Lying on the clivus Formed fourth ventricle Contain tracts Contain several cranial nerve Reticular formationContain several cranial nerve1.Trigeminal 2.abducent

2、 3. facial 4. vestibulocochlear 5.glossopharyngeal 6. vagus 7. cranial accessory 8.hypoglossal nervesMedulla oblongataExternal features and relationsInternal structureExternal features and relations Lower pontine margine to above the 1st pair of cervical spinal nerves About 3x2x13 (L x W x thick) Cl

3、osed part (lower) and opening part(upper) The lower half of the floor of the fourth V Anterior median fissureSpinal anterior median fissureSmall triangular foramen caecumPyramidal decussationAnterior external arcuate fibresStria medullarisPosterior median sulcus Spinal posterior mdian sulcus Fourth

4、ventricleAnterior regionlateral regionposterior region Pyramid Abducent nerve (VI) Anterolateral sulcus-hypoglossal root(XII) Posterolateral sulcus-accessory(XI), vagus(X), glossopharyngeal (IX) nerves Olive (olivary complex of nuclei)Posterior region Continuation of the fasciculus gracilis and cune

5、atus Gracile and cuneate tubercles Nuclei gracilis and cuneatus Inferior cerebellar peduncleInternal structure Transverse section at the level of the pyramidal decussation Transvers section at the level of the decussation of the lemnisci Transvers section at the mid-olivary level The pyramidal decus

6、sation1. Pyramidal decussation2. Spinal nucleus of the accessory nerve (XII)3. Gracile nucleus4. Nucleus cuneatusThe lemniscal decussation Nucleus gracilisNucleus cuneatusIntenal arcuate fibresLemniscal decussation (tactile and locomotor sensation) Nucleus of the spinal tract of the trigeminal nerve

7、 (spinal necleus of trigeminal nerve) Hypoglossal nucleus(trigonum hypoglossi) Dorsal vagal nucleus (trigonum vagi) Nucleus of the tractus solitarius (facial, glossopharyngeal, vagus nerves gustatory and ) Pyramid contain ipsilateral corticospinal and corticonuclear fibresMid-olivary levels Infferio

8、r olivary nucleus complex 1.inferior, medial accessory and dorsal accessory olivary nuclei 2. hollow crenate grey mass 3. olivocerebellar tract 4. major componet of contralateral inferior cerebellar peduncle5. climbing fibres6. Purkinje cells in cerebellumHypoglossal necleusDorsal vagal nucleusNucle

9、us solitarius tractus solitarius1. -vagus, glossopharyngeanl nerve general viscerel afferents reflex control cardiovascular, respiratory, and cardiac functions 2. rostal pole of the solitary nucleus (the gustatory nucleus) glossopharyngeal nerve Caudal level -vagus and cranial accessory nerves Stria

10、ted muscle of branchial arch origin Gracile and cuneate nuclei Spinal trigeminal tract and nucleus Cochlear nuclei Olivocerebellar tract cross-inf. Peduncle Hypoglossal fibresWhite matter Medial longitubinal fasciculus Tectospinal tract Medial lemniscus Pyramid Transverse section of the medulla oblo

11、ngata through the cochlear nuclei Upper limit of the medullar Lateral vestibular nucleus Cochlear ncuclei (dorsal and ventral)White matter Inferior cerebellar peduncle Medial longitubinal fasciculus Tectospinal tract Medial lemniscus Pyramid RhombencephalonMedulla oblongataPonsMesencephalon (midbrai

12、n)CerebullumPonsExternal features and relationsInternal structureExternal features and relations Ventrolateral sulcus abducent, facial and vestibulocochlear nerves Middle cerebellar peduncle Sulcus basilaris (basilar artery) Cerebellopontine angle facial, vestibulocochlear and glossopharyngeal roots

13、 Trigeminal nerves Upper half of the floor of the fourth ventricle Anterior medullary velum trochlear nerve (IVth) decussation Transverse setionTegmentumVentral (basilar) partVentral (basilar) pons Corticopontine tract Corticonuclear tract Corticospinal tract Transverse pontine fibres middle cerebel

14、lar peduncle Pontocerebellar fibres (mossy fibres) cerebellar cortex Precerebellar pontine nuclei Cerebral cortex-contralateral cerebellar cortex Tegmental ponsLevel of the facial colliculusLevel of the trigeminal nerveTransverse section through the pontine lower segment Facial colliculi (abducent a

15、nd the geniculum of the facial nerves) Vestibular nucleus Cochlear nuclei Facial nuclei Other neuronal groups Vestibular nuclei (precerebellar vestibular nuclei)1.Medial vestibular nucleus2.Lateral vestibular nucleus3.Inferior vestibular nucleus4.Superior vestibular nucleusVestibular fibres of the v

16、estibulocochlear nerve descending fascicle -inferior cerebellar peduncle -medial, lateral and inferior vestibular nuclei ascending fascicles -superior and medial nucleiCochlear nucleusVentral cochlear nucleusDorsal cochlear nucleus auditory tubercle continuous with the vestibular area Spiral ganglio

17、n -cochlear nerve-Cochlear nuclei-Trapezoid body -superior olivary nuclei-lateral lemniscusinferior colliculus-medial geniculate body-transvers superior temporal gyrusStriae medullares of the fourth ventricleCerebropontocerebellar connectionFrom rhombic lip arcuate nuclei, pontobulbar body external

18、arcuate fibresStriae medullaresinferior pedunclecerebellum Abducent nucleus trochlear, oculomotor, hypoglossalnuclei somatic motor column Facial nucleus crossed corticonuclear fibres smaller ipsilateral fibres ipsilateral rubroreticular tract fibres nucleus solitarius spinal trigeminal nucleusGeniculum of the facial nerveDorsal part bilateral corticonuclear fibres - scalp and upper face muscleVentral part contralateral corticonuclear fibres -lower facial mus