微觀期末考試

1、.就某一價(jià)格歧視案例，或調(diào)查你熟悉的實(shí)施價(jià)格歧視的企業(yè)，用所學(xué)的關(guān)于價(jià)格歧視的理論進(jìn)行分析，并寫一篇論文。要求：1、 5-6 人一組（自由分組） ，每組提交一篇論文，題目自擬，須注明分工或每人的貢獻(xiàn)；2、結(jié)合圖形進(jìn)行分析；3、 2000 字以上，手寫或打印皆可；4、如有雷同，按0 分計(jì)。5、 16 周收，具體時(shí)間地點(diǎn)另行通知一、名詞解釋：4 分 *5=20 分二、單選： 2 分 *10=20 分三、判斷： 1 分 *10=10 分四、作圖： 2 題共 30 分五、計(jì)算： 2 題共 20 分名詞解釋機(jī)會(huì)成本需求定理需求價(jià)格彈性價(jià)格上限生產(chǎn)者剩余交易成本無差異曲線收入效應(yīng)替代效應(yīng)邊際收益無謂損失邊

2、際產(chǎn)量遞減規(guī)模經(jīng)濟(jì)邊際成本價(jià)格歧視占優(yōu)策略外部性科斯定理排他性公地悲劇1、 當(dāng) MC>ATC 時(shí)， ATC(B).A. 下降的B.上升的C.處于最低點(diǎn)D.不能確定2、啤酒和比薩餅是互補(bǔ)品，因?yàn)槿藗兂３＿叧员人_餅邊喝啤酒。當(dāng)啤酒的價(jià)格上升時(shí)，比薩餅的需求（ A ）A. 下降B.上升C. 不變D.難以確定3、公共資源具有的特性是（C ）A. 排他性競爭性B. 非排他性非競爭性C.非排他性競爭性D. 排他性非競爭性4、當(dāng) Sally 的工資從每小時(shí) 50 美元增加到 60 美元時(shí)， Sally 的每天收入從 400 美元變?yōu)?420 美元，則（ B ）A. 工資上升的替代效應(yīng)大于收入效應(yīng)。B.

3、工資上升的替代效應(yīng)小于收入效應(yīng)。C.工資上升的替代效應(yīng)等于收入效應(yīng)。D. Sally 對(duì)勞動(dòng)的偏好增強(qiáng)了。5、下列不屬于實(shí)證表述的是（C）A . 社會(huì)應(yīng)該要去福利領(lǐng)取者去工作。B. 美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)應(yīng)該降低貨幣增長率。C. 社會(huì)面臨通貨膨脹與失業(yè)之間的短缺權(quán)衡取舍。D. 農(nóng)業(yè)補(bǔ)貼應(yīng)該取消。;.6.Poeye 的收入減少了，結(jié)果他買了更多的菠菜，則菠菜是（A ）A. 低檔物品B.必需品C.奢侈品D. 正常物品7.如果需求富有彈性，價(jià)格上升總收益（B ）A. 上升B.下降C.不變D.不確定8.當(dāng)政府對(duì)一種物品征稅時(shí)，該物品的均衡數(shù)量（B）A. 增加B.減少C.不變D.不確定9.壟斷競爭廠商長期均衡時(shí)，價(jià)格（

4、A ）平均總成本。A. 等于B. 大于C.小于D. 不等于10.蘋果的需求增加，導(dǎo)致摘蘋果工人的邊際產(chǎn)量值（B ）A. 不變B.增加C.下降D. 不確定1、當(dāng)政府對(duì)一種物品征稅稅收時(shí)，該物品的均衡數(shù)量減少。（ T ）2、沉沒成本是已經(jīng)發(fā)生而且無法收回的成本，當(dāng)企業(yè)決定停止?fàn)I業(yè)時(shí)要忽略沉沒成本。（ T ）3、隨著工人數(shù)量的增加，當(dāng)工人的邊際產(chǎn)量減少時(shí)，生產(chǎn)函數(shù)變得越來越陡峭。（ F）4、當(dāng)兩種商品完全互補(bǔ)時(shí)， 如左腳鞋和右腳鞋， 無差異曲線會(huì)是一條向右下方傾斜的直線，兩種商品 MRS 不變。 （ F ）5、吉芬商品降價(jià)時(shí)，價(jià)格變動(dòng)引發(fā)的替代效應(yīng)會(huì)使該商品的需求量增加。（ T ）6、完全競爭廠商，

5、如果價(jià)格低于平均可變成本，廠商會(huì)停止生產(chǎn)。（ T ）7、寡頭市場上，廠商單獨(dú)決策時(shí)，他們生產(chǎn)的總量將大于壟斷的產(chǎn)量。（ T）8、納什均衡中，無論對(duì)方采取什么策略，參與者都有唯一的最優(yōu)策略。（ F ）9、壟斷競爭廠商長期均衡時(shí)，價(jià)格等于平均可變成本。（ F ）10、完全競爭廠商實(shí)現(xiàn)長期均衡時(shí)，價(jià)格等于平均總成本， 產(chǎn)量為有效規(guī)模， 利潤為零。 ( T )作圖1、 The market for hamburgers has the following demand and supply schedules:PriceQuantitDemanded$1200hamburgers1.251701.51

6、451.751252 1102.25100a. Graph the demandQuantityand supply curves. WhatSuppliedis the equilibrium price110and quantity in this130market?145b. If the actual price in155this market were abovethe equilibrium price,160what would drive the165market toward theequilibrium?;.2、 Using supply-and-demand diagr

7、ams, show the effect of the following events on the market forsweatshirts 運(yùn)動(dòng)衫 .a. A hurricane 颶風(fēng)in South Carolina 南卡羅來納damages the cotton crop.b. The price of leather jackets 皮夾克falls.3、 Drawthe demand, marginal-revenue, average total-cost, and marginal-costcurves foramonopolist. Show the profit-max

8、imizinglevel of output, the profit-maximizingprice, and theamount of profit.成本收益邊際成本壟斷 EB價(jià)格壟斷平均總成本利潤平均總成本DC需求邊際收益0產(chǎn)量產(chǎn)量4、 Draw a diagram of the long-run equilibrium in a monopolistically competitive market. How is price related to average total cost? How is price related to marginal cost?PMCATCP=ATCM

9、RD0Profit-maximizingQquantity;.分析計(jì)算題P110-61、 Suppose that your demand schedule for compactdiscs is as follows:Quantity DemandedQuantity DemandedPrice(income = $10,000)(income = $12,000)$ 840 CDs50 CDs10324512243014162016812a. Use the midpoint method to calculate your price elasticityof demand as the

10、 price of compact discs increases from $8to $10 if (i) your income is $10,000 and (ii) your income is$12,000.Ed= -(Q2 -Q1) /(Q2 + Q1)/2(P2 -10.47P1) / (P2 + P1) / 2P110-6Quantity DemandedQuantity DemandedPrice(income = $10,000)(income $12,000)$ 840 CDs50 CDs10324512243014162016812b. Calculate your i

11、ncome elasticity of demand as yourincome increases from $10,000 to $12,000 if(i) the price is $12 and (ii) the price is $16.1.222.2P110-42、 A price change causes the quantity demanded of a good to decrease by 30 percent, while the total revenue of that good increases by 15 percent. Is the demand cur

12、ve elastic or inelastic? Explain.該種物品的需求曲線缺乏彈性;.3、Consumers income raises by 15 percent, while the quantity demanded of a good increases by10 percent, Is the good an inferior good or a normal good? Explain.該商品是正常商品4、 You have the following information about good X and good Y:? Income elasticity of d

13、emand for good X: 3? Cross-price elasticity of demand for good X withrespect to the price of good Y: 2Would an increase in income and a decrease in the price of good Y unambiguously( 明白的，不含糊的 ) decrease the demand for good X? Why or why not?低檔商品替代品5、 Suppose the demand for French bread rises. Explai

14、n what happens to producer surplus in the market for French bread. Explain what happens to producer surplus in the market for flour （面粉）. Illustrate your answers with diagrams.P223-136、 The market for a particular chemical, called Negext, is described by the followingquations.Demand is given by: QD

15、= 100 5PSupply is given by: QS = 5Pwhere Q is measured as units of Negext and P is price in dollars per unit.a. Find the equilibrium price and quantity. Compute consumer surplus, producer surplus, and total surplus in the market equilibrium.b. For each unit of Negext produced, 4 units of pollution a

16、re emitted, and each unit of pollution imposes a cost on society of $1. Compute the total cost of pollution when the market for Negext is in equilibrium. What is total surplus from this market after taking into account the cost of pollution?c. Would banning Negext increase or decrease welfare? Why?d

17、. Suppose that the government restricts emissions to 100 units of pollution. Graph the Negext market under this constraint. Find the new equilibrium price and quantity and show them on your graph. Compute how this policy affects consumer surplus, producer surplus, and the cost of pollution. Would yo

18、u recommend this policy? Why?e. Suppose that instead of restricting pollution, the government imposes a tax on producers equal to $4 for each unit of chemical produced. Calculate the new equilibrium price and quantity, as well;.as consumer surplus, producer surplus, tax revenue, and the cost of poll

19、ution. What is total surplus now? Would you recommend this policy? Why?f. New research finds the social cost of pollution is really higher than $1. How would that change the optimal policy response? Is there some cost of pollution that would make it sensible to ban Negext? If so, what is it?7、 A con

20、sumer has income of 540. The price of good 1 is 20 per unit and the price of good 2 is 30 per unit. What is the slope of this budget constraint （預(yù)算線） ? If the consumer s utility function is U=3X1X22 ，Calculate the optimal consumption choice and total utility.2/3X1=9; X2=12; U=3888;.P287-128. Conside

21、r the following table of long-run total costs for three different firms:Quantity1234567Firm A$60$70$80$90$100$110$120Firm B112439567596119Firm C2134496685106129Does each of these firms experience economies of scale or diseconomies of scale?三家企業(yè)的長期平均總成本表P342-129、 Based on market research, a recording

22、 company obtains the following information about thedemand and production costs of its new CD:Price = 1,000 10QTotal Revenue = 1,000Q 10Q2Marginal Revenue = 1,000 20QMarginal Cost = 100 + 10 Qwhere Q indicates the number of copies sold and P is the price in cents.a. Find the price and quantity that maximizes the company s profit.b. Find the price and quantity that would maximize social welfare.c. Calculate the deadweight loss from monopoly無謂損失 =2250;.P363-410、 For each of the following characteristics, say whether it descri