牛津上海版九年級初三培優(yōu)講義 動詞時態(tài)

1、.教育學科老師輔導講義學員編號： 年 級：初三 課 時 數(shù)：3學員姓名： 輔導科目：英語 學科老師： 授課類型動詞時態(tài)授課日期及時段教學內容1.思維導圖形式先呈現(xiàn)整體框架2.重難點講解【知識梳理1】一般如今時1.表示普遍真理或客觀事實。Light travels faster than sound.2.表示如今的習慣動作或狀態(tài)。She is always ready to help others. 3.表示將來時間用于某些條件狀語從句和時間狀語從句中。We will save time if we drive instead of taking a bus.I will make a phon

2、e call to you as soon as I reach the destination.4.一般如今時的動詞形式通常與動詞原形一樣，但在主語為第三人稱單數(shù)時，詞尾加-s或 -es，其規(guī)那么如下：1一般動詞都在詞尾加-s，如:digs, sings, looks, lives, cleans 等。2當動詞以s，sh, ch, x，o 結尾時，加-es，如：presses，washes, watches, fixes, goes 等。3當動詞以輔音字母+y結尾時，先將y成變i，再加-es,如:flies, cries, studies等。4如動詞以元音字母+y結尾時，直接加-s,如:sa

3、ys, buys, plays等。5動詞be的一般如今時，根據不同人稱和數(shù)分別釆用am, is,are三種形式。動詞have的一般如今時，根據不同人稱和數(shù)分別釆用have, has兩種形式。6一般如今時常用的時間狀語：often, always, usually, sometimes, every day, once a week 等?？键c剖析：主要通過時間狀語進展判斷。例如：always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, never, every year等?！镜湫屠}】1. Now my father_ his bike to work every d

4、ay instead of driving A. ride B. rode C. ridesD. will ride2. Eric wont start the experiment until his teacher _him how to do it. A. will showB. show C. showsD. showed3. I will give him the news as soon as he back from Beijing tomorrow. A. comeB. will comeC. comesD. came4. The Olympic Games _ every f

5、our years.A. take place B. takes placeC. is taken place D. are taken place5. Youll remember to get all the things if you _a shopping list.A. writes B. wrote C. will write D. write6. Tim, as well as his twin brother, Tom, very hard and a prize every year.A. study, are awarded B. studies, is awarded C

6、. studies, awards D. study, award7. Waynes sister _ as a waitress in a big restaurant for the time being. A. works B. worked C. has worked D. will work8. If my uncle and aunt _free tomorrow, they will come. A. will B. will be C. isD. are9. Sam usually _his key to his neighbor when he is away from ho

7、me. A. leaves B. has left C. will leave D. is leaving10.Betty used to _school, but now she _to school by bus.A. walking, goes B. walking, is goingC. walk, goes D. walk, is goingKeys: CCCBDBADAC【知識梳理2】般過去時1.表示過去某時發(fā)生的事情。The traffic accident happened ten minutes ago.2.表示過去的習慣動作。When he was young, my fa

8、ther often swam in the river.3.般過去時的動詞形式除不規(guī)那么動詞外，通常以動詞原形加-ed表示，即動詞的過去式;動詞be的過去式為was, were。動詞過去式的規(guī)那么如下：1一般動詞都在詞尾加-ed，如：played，listened, turned, fixed, looked等。2當動詞以e 結尾時，只加-d，如：liked，danced, agreed, skated 等。3當動詞以輔音字母+y結尾時，先將y成變i，再加-ed，如：cried,studied, carried等。4當動詞為重讀閉音節(jié)或以重讀閉音節(jié)結尾時，要重復詞尾的輔音字母，再加-ed，如

9、： stopped, preferred, regretted 等?？键c剖析：主要通過時間狀語進展判斷。例如：yesterday，last year, three days ago, just now, in 1978等。【穩(wěn)固練習】1.The bank robbery _happen last night.2.Water _boil at the temperature of 100°C .3.This kind of TV _make in Shanghai.4.In the past, there _be only single-decker buses.5.Matter _c

10、hange from one state to another.6.The electric light _invent by Edison.7. _raise your hand if you _know the answer.8.Tom _ drop the vase花瓶and _break it a moment ago.9.Yesterday he _ not realize what a serious mistake he_ make.10.The First World War _take place in 1914. Old John _fight in it.Keys: 1.

11、 happened2.boils3. is made4. were5. changes6. was invented7. Raise, how 8. dropped, broke9. didnt realize, had made10. took, fought【知識梳理3】如今進展時1. 表示說話時正在進展的動作。What are you doing now? We are having a test.2.表示現(xiàn)階段暫時的習慣動作，該動作說話時不一定正在進展。Mr. Brown is a teacher of maths, but he is now teaching computer le

12、ssons.3.表示不斷重復的動作，常帶always等頻度副詞，而且?guī)в懈星樯?。Alice is always helping others.4.表示漸進的過程，通常適用于表示“轉變的動詞。When autumn comes, the weather is getting cooler and cooler.5.表示即將發(fā)生的事情，用如今進展時表將來，通常用于位挪動詞，如come，leave，go，arrive等。Im leaving for Paris tomorrow. 6.如今進展時的動詞形式通常以助動詞beam, is, are及動詞原形加-ing，即動詞的如今分詞表示，其規(guī)那么如下

13、：1一般動詞都在詞尾加-ing，如：working，planting, carrying, discussing 等。2當動詞以-e結尾時，先去掉-e，再加-ing，如：shining, leaving, skating, writing。以-oe，-ee，-ye 結尾的動詞，直接加-ing，如：hoeing，dyeing，agreeing 等.還有特殊變化的，如:die+ingdying lie+inglying3當動詞為重讀閉音節(jié)或以重讀閉音節(jié)結尾時，要重復詞尾的輔音字母，再加-ing,如： running, stopping, swimming, beginning 等.考點剖析：主要通

14、過時間狀語進展判斷。例如：now,nowadays, at the moment, these days,look,listen,where is Li Ming,Its 3 oclock等?！镜湫屠}】1. Look, so many passengers _ with their smart phones on the underground.A. played B. will play C. are playing D. have played2. Today is Father's Day. My mother_a special dinner for my grandpa n

15、ow.A. prepareB. preparedC. is preparing D. will prepare3. It's half past four. School is over. The children _games happily on the playground. A. playB. are playing C. played D. have played4. “Sam, turn the music down! Your sister _her homework in the next room now. said the mother.A. do B. did C

16、. was doing D. is doing5 e on! We _presents for Tom's tomorrow's fifteenth birthday now.A. chooseB. choseC. are choosing D. will choose6. Look! The twins_their mother do the housework. A. were helping B. help C. are helping D. helped7. Linda cant go shopping because she _ some foreigners aro

17、und our school. A showsB was showingC is showingD has shown8.Look! Jenny _ a kite for her son. Shes really a good mother. A. makesB. made C. is makingD. was making9. Be quiet, please. The students _ a class now. A. have had B. are havingC. had had D. were having10. It is ten oclock, but Joseph _ at

18、his lessons.A. has workedB. worksC. is working D. was workingKeys:CCBDCCCCBC【知識梳理4】過去進展時1.表示過去某時正在進展的動作。We were taking a walk when we met our maths teacher.2.表示過去某個階段暫時性習慣動作。He is a driver, but at that time he was working in a factory. 3.表示過去不斷重復的動作。Mrs. Green was always complaining about something.

19、4.過去進展時的動詞形式通常以助動詞bewas，were加動詞的如今分詞-ing形式表示，其構成規(guī)那么與如今進展時一樣。考點剖析：主要通過時間狀語進展判斷。例如：this time yesterday, at that time, at that moment等?！痉€(wěn)固練習】1.Dont make any noise. The teachers _have a meeting.2.Betty_make a telephone call to her pen pal at that time yesterday:3.I_not do anything at the moment.4.He tol

20、d me that my mother_wait for me outside.5.Spring is here. It_get warmer and warmer.6.What_you_do when I called you yesterday evening?7.All those wastes_pollute the river these years.8.My mother_cook in the kitchen when my father returned home.9.I_see him when I_walk in the park.10.It_rain at the mom

21、ent, so we_stay indoors yesterday afternoon.Keys: 1. are having2. was making3. am not doing4. was waiting5.is getting6. were, doing7. are polluting8.was cooking9. saw, was walking 10. was raining, stayed【知識梳理5】如今完成時一、如今完成時含義如今完成時用來表示如今之前已發(fā)生或完成的動作或狀態(tài)，但其結果卻和如今有聯(lián)絡, 也就是說, 動作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在過去但它的影響如今還存在。e.g. I hav

22、e lost my wallet. 含義是：如今我沒有錢花了。Jane has laid the table.含義是：已可以吃飯了。 Michael has been ill. 含義是：如今仍然很虛弱。 He has returned from abroad. 含義是：如今已在此地二、如今完成時構造與句型1、助動詞have /has+動詞過去分詞，主語為第三人稱單數(shù)用has，其別人稱用have 。句型： 1、肯定句：主語+have /has+動詞過去分詞+其他。I have studied English for 5 years.2、否認句：主語+have /has+not +動詞過去分詞+其

23、他。We havent been there.3、一般疑問句：Have/Has+主語+動詞過去分詞+其他？Has he eaten that apple?4、特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞+ have /has +主語+動詞過去分詞+其他？Where have you been to recently?三、如今完成時用法1、如今完成時可以用來表示發(fā)生在過去某一時刻的、持續(xù)到如今的情況,常與for, since連用。e.g. Mary has been ill for three days. I have lived here since 2019.2、如今完成時往往同表示不確定的過去時間狀語連用, 如

24、already, yet, just, before, recently, lately等：e.g. He has already obtained a scholarship. I havent seen much of him recently/lately. We have seen that film before. Have they found the missing child yet?3、如今完成時常常與表示頻度的時間狀語連用，如often, sometimes, ever, never, twice, on several occasions等：e.g. Have you e

25、ver been to Beijing? I have never heard Bunny say anything against her. I have used this pen only three times. It is still good. George has met that gentleman on several occasions.4、如今完成時還往往可以同包括如今時間在內的時間狀語連用，如now, up to these few days/weeks/months/years, this morning/week/month/year, now, just, tod

26、ay, up to present, so far等。e.g. Peter has written six papers so far. Man has now learned to release energy from the nucleus of the atom.There has been too much rain this year. The relations between us have been enhanced in the past few years. Up to the present everything has been successful.5、如今完成時表

27、示如今之前就已完成的動作, 雖然其效果或影響仍然存在但已不再繼續(xù), 但是有一些如今完成時的句子，在后面加上for+一段時間，那么如今完成時的動作就表示延續(xù)性。E.g. Thomas has studied Russian. 如今不再學俄語 Thomas has studied Russian for three years. =Thomas began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now.6、如今完成時還可以用來表示過去的一個時間到如今這段時間內重復發(fā)生的動作。e.g. We have had four

28、texts this semester.7. 如今完成時中的時間狀語：already通常用于肯定句中，意為“已經，位于行為動詞之前, be動詞、助動詞之后。有時可放在疑問句句尾，表示驚訝。例如： We have already cleaned the classroom. Have you finished it already？yet用于疑問句中表示“已經；用于否認句中，表示“還沒。例如： Has he found his watch yet？他還沒找到他的表嗎？ No, not yet. 是, 還沒有。ever意為“曾經，常用于疑問句或否認句中，位于助動詞和過去分詞之間，表示從過去到目前為

29、止的時間。例如： Have you ever been there？你曾經去過那里嗎？ Nothing has ever happened here. 這里未曾發(fā)生過什么事。never意為“曾經從未、沒有, 是否認副詞，在句中位于助動詞和過去分詞之間。ever與否認詞not連用相當于never。例如： I havent ever spoken to her. = I have never spoken to her. 我從未跟她講過話。just意為“剛剛, 用于如今完成時, 表示行為剛剛過去, 位于助動詞與過去分詞之間。e.g. He has just come back from schoo

30、l.他剛從學校回來。注意：just now意為“剛剛, 表示過去某時, 用于一般過去時, 位于句首或句尾均可。e.g. He came from school just now.他剛剛從學?；貋?。for 和since的用法及區(qū)別。for 與一段時間連用，since 與時間點連用。注意：since 后接過去時的時間狀語或過去時的句子。e.g. I have been to Shanghai twice since 1970. I havent seen her since she left Shanghai. I saw Pingping six years ago. Since I have

31、never seen her.have/has gone to、have/has been to 和have/has been in的區(qū)別: have/ has gone to 去了,在去某地的路上或在某地, 人還未回來 have/ has been to 曾經去過, 人已經回來了 have/ has been in 已經在, 常與一段時間連用 e.g. She has been to Shanghai before. 她以前曾去過上海。 She has been in Shanghai for ten years. 她在上海10年了。 Has he gone to Qingdao? 他去青島

32、了嗎？但不能說 Have you gone to Qingdao?考點剖析：常考延續(xù)性動作與瞬間性動作的轉換瞬間性動詞延續(xù)性動詞buyhaveborrowkeepbegin/startbe oncomebe heregobe therefinishbe overdiebe deadcatch a coldhave a coldjoinbe inleavebe away 【穩(wěn)固練習】1. Both his parents look sad. Maybe they _what's happened to him

33、.A. knew  B. have known   C. must know   D. will know2. He has _ been to Shanghai, has he?A. already   B. never    C. ever    D. still3. Have you met Mr. Li _? A. ju

34、st   B. ago     C. before   D.  a moment ago4. The famous writer _ one new book in the past two years.A. is writing   B. was writing    C. wrote  D. has written 5. -Our country _ a lot so far.-Yes. I

35、hope it will be even _.A. has changed ; well   B. changed ; goodC. has changed ; better D. changed ; better6. Zhao Lan _already _in this school for two years.A. was ; studying               B. wi

36、ll ; studyC. has ; studied                  D. are ; studying7. We _ Xiao Li since she was a little girl.A. know   B. had known   C. have known  

37、 D. Knew8. Harry Potter is a very nice film.I_ it twice.A. will see     B. have seen     C. saw   D. see9. -These farmers have been to the United States.-Really? When _ there?A. will

38、60;they go      B. did they goC. do they go      D. have they gone10. -_ you _ your homework yet?-Yes. I _ it a moment ago.A. Did; do; finished    B.&

39、#160;Have; done; finished C. Have; done; have finished   D. will; do; finishKeys：15：BBCDC 610：CCBBB 【知識梳理6】過去完成時1.表示過去某時以前已經發(fā)生的事情，否認式表示過去某時以前尚未發(fā)生的事情。'We had learned 2,000 English words by 2019.2.表示開場于過去的過去并持續(xù)到過去某時的事情。When I got to the cinema, the film had been on for ten

40、 minutes.3.表示在過去先后發(fā)生的兩個動作中，先發(fā)生的動作通常用過去完成時。I didnt see the film because I had seen it before. He told me that he had made a serious mistake. 4.過去完成時的動詞形式通常以助動詞had及動詞原形加-ed即動詞的過去分詞表示?？键c剖析：主要通過時間狀語進展判斷。例如：by the end of,by that time等。【穩(wěn)固練習】1. We _ paint the house before we _ move in.2. That rich old man

41、 _ make a will before he _ die.3. They _ study the map of the country before they _ leave.4. The robbers _ run away before the policemen_ arrive.5. I _ turn off all the lights before I _ go to bed.6. Paul _ go out with Jane after he _ make a phone call.7. Tom _ say he _ read the book twice.8. O

42、ur plan _ fail because we _ make a bad mistake.9. When the chairman _ finish speaking, he _ leavethe hall.10. The Reads _    _ have lunch when I _get to their house.Keys: 1. had painted. moved 2. had made . died 3. had studiedleft 4. had run away.arrived 5. had turned off went 6.

43、 went had made 7. said had read 8. failed had made9. had finished left 10. were having/had had got【知識梳理7】一般將來時1.表示在將來的某一個時間發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。2.表示將來時間用于某些條件狀語從句和時間狀語從句中。We will save time if we drive instead of taking a bus.I will make a phone call to you as soon as I reach the destination.考點剖析：主要通過時間狀語進展判斷

44、。例如：tomorrow,in two days,soon,next week等。【典型例題】1. We are glad to hear that the Greens _to a new flat next week A. move B. moved C. will move D. have moved2. Lets enjoy the days with our classmates. We _our junior high school in two months. A. will finishB. are finishing C. have finished D. had finis

45、hed3.The Browns _a party in the garden if it is fine this weekend. A. haveB. will haveC. were havingD. had4.They _their classroom to welcome me coming Christmas tomorrow afternoon.A. decorateB. will decorateC. are decoratingD. decorated5. We are not sure if it _ when we have our school sports meetin

46、g tomorrow. A rainB rainsC has rainedD will rain6.I dont know if his uncle _.   I think he _ if it doesnt rain.A. will come; comes    B. will come; will come   C. comes; comes   D. comes; will come7. Young people are worried that the housing prices _ further in the coming years. A. have rise B. will rise C. rose D. are rising8. The mistakes in the report _ by the