初中課件-現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)講解-對(duì)比-練習(xí) (2)

1、1 1、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)不可與表示特定過(guò)去時(shí)間的副詞連用。、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)不可與表示特定過(guò)去時(shí)間的副詞連用。 e.g.1 e.g.1、I I (leave) Shanghai for 3 days ago.(leave) Shanghai for 3 days ago. I I Shanghai for 3 days.Shanghai for 3 days. 2 2、Tom Tom (catch) a cold yesterday.(catch) a cold yesterday. Tom Tom for 3 days. for 3 days. 2 2、過(guò)去時(shí)只限于表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作本身，與現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果無(wú)關(guān)。

2、、過(guò)去時(shí)只限于表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作本身，與現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果無(wú)關(guān)。 e.g. When did he come? e.g. When did he come? When has he come? When has he come? 3 3、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)不與疑問(wèn)副詞、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)不與疑問(wèn)副詞whenwhen連用，而一般過(guò)去時(shí)則可以。連用，而一般過(guò)去時(shí)則可以。 e.g. He has bought a house. e.g. He has bought a house. He bought a house five ago. He bought a house five ago. ()()( () )如：如：ago

3、, last week, then, yesterday, just now, ago, last week, then, yesterday, just now, a moment ago a moment ago等等. .現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) VS VS 一般過(guò)去時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)（三）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)（三）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)構(gòu)成構(gòu)成用法用法常用狀語(yǔ)常用狀語(yǔ)1. have + 動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞2. has +動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞表示某一動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)表示某一動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)從過(guò)去某一時(shí)間一直從過(guò)去某一時(shí)間一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在for+一段時(shí)間一段時(shí)間since + 過(guò)去某一時(shí)間過(guò)去某

4、一時(shí)間現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) ( have / has + v-ed )1.表示剛剛結(jié)束的動(dòng)作表示剛剛結(jié)束的動(dòng)作, 常和常和 already, just, yet, now, not yet 等連用等連用. 2.表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)目前所造成的影響表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)目前所造成的影響. 3.表示經(jīng)驗(yàn)經(jīng)歷表示經(jīng)驗(yàn)經(jīng)歷, 常和常和 ever, never, often, always, once, twice, three times, before 等等連用連用.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) ( have / has + v-ed )4.表示從過(guò)去持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)表示從過(guò)去持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),

5、常和常和 since + 過(guò)去時(shí)過(guò)去時(shí), for + 時(shí)間段時(shí)間段, recently, lately, these days, this week, in the past few days, during the last two weeks, so far, up to now, until now 等連用等連用. 例如例如:(1)Theyve known each other since 1995. (2) Tony has studied Chinese for a year.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) ( have / has + v-ed )5. 區(qū)別區(qū)別: have / has be

6、en to 表示去過(guò)某地表示去過(guò)某地, 已經(jīng)回來(lái)已經(jīng)回來(lái); have / has gone to 表示去了某表示去了某地地,還未回來(lái)還未回來(lái). 例如例如:(1) Betty has been to China. She knows a lot about Chinese culture.(2) - Wheres Mr Yu? - He has gone to Beijing. He will be back in a week.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) ( have / has + v-ed )6. 注意注意: 當(dāng)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)跟表示持續(xù)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)當(dāng)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)跟表示持續(xù)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用時(shí)連用時(shí), 不能使

7、用終止性動(dòng)詞不能使用終止性動(dòng)詞.(1) Tom has come for two hours. ()(2) Tom has been here for two hours. ()下面我們來(lái)看看，如何把下面我們來(lái)看看，如何把終止性動(dòng)詞終止性動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換成轉(zhuǎn)換成延延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞續(xù)性動(dòng)詞.終止性動(dòng)詞終止性動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換成轉(zhuǎn)換成延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞become bebuy haveborrow keepcatch a cold have a coldget to know knowput on wearleave be awaydie be deadarrive in/at be in/atcome to be i

8、n/atjoin be a member of /be instart be onfinish be overhave bought - have had have left - have been away from have borrowed - have kept have joined - have been in have come to /got to /reached /arrived (in/at )/moved to - have been (in) /have stayed (in/at ) 延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞-非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過(guò)去已經(jīng)開(kāi)始，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀

9、態(tài)。因?yàn)楸硎镜氖浅掷m(xù)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，所以使用的動(dòng)詞通常是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞 ,時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)通常由for或since 引導(dǎo). (非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞不能直接和for 或since 連用 )短暫性動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞：短暫性動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞：borrowdiemarrycomebegin to dobecomeclosekeepbe deadbe marriedbe heredobebe closed短暫性動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞：短暫性動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞：beginbuyfinishgoleavejoinopenbe onhavebe overbe therebe away frombe inbe open終止性動(dòng)詞終止性動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換

10、成轉(zhuǎn)換成延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞I became a teacher in 2001.I became a teacher 7 years ago.I have been a teacher since 2001.I have been a teacher for 7 years.終止性動(dòng)詞終止性動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換成轉(zhuǎn)換成延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞He bought a computer last week.He has had a computer since last week.He has had a computer for a week.終止性動(dòng)詞終止性動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換成轉(zhuǎn)換成延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞She bor

11、rowed a book in July.She borrowed a book two months ago.She has kept the book since July.She has kept the book for two months終止性動(dòng)詞終止性動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換成轉(zhuǎn)換成延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞Tom caught a cold yesterday.Tom has had a cold since yesterday.Tom has had a cold for a day.終止性動(dòng)詞終止性動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換成轉(zhuǎn)換成延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞Betty got to know Tony in 2001.

12、Betty met Tony in 2001.Betty has known Tony since 2001.Betty has known Tony for 7 years終止性動(dòng)詞終止性動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換成轉(zhuǎn)換成延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞My brother put on his glasses when he read newspapers.My brother has worn glasses since 2005.My brother has worn glasses for 3 years.終止性動(dòng)詞終止性動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換成轉(zhuǎn)換成延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞They left the space station

13、last Monday.They have been away from the space station since last Monday.They have been away from the space station for two days.終止性動(dòng)詞終止性動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換成轉(zhuǎn)換成延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞His grandfather died in 2004.His grandfather died four years ago.His grandfather has been dead since 2004.His grandfather has been dead for four

14、years.終止性動(dòng)詞終止性動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換成轉(zhuǎn)換成延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞The orchestra arrived in Dalian last week.The orchestra arrived in Dalian a week ago.The orchestra has been in Dalian since last week.The orchestra has been in Dalian for a week.終止性動(dòng)詞終止性動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換成轉(zhuǎn)換成延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞His parents came to China last month.His parents have been in Ch

15、ina since last month.His parents have been in China for a month.終止性動(dòng)詞終止性動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換成轉(zhuǎn)換成延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞Charlie joined the army in 2006.Charlie has been in the army since 2006.Charlie has been a soldier for two years.Charlie joined the League in 2006.Charlie has been in the League since 2006.Charlie has been a me

16、mber of the League for two years.終止性動(dòng)詞終止性動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換成轉(zhuǎn)換成延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞The film started at 7 oclock.The film has been on since 7 oclock.The film has been on for half an hour.終止性動(dòng)詞終止性動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換成轉(zhuǎn)換成延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞The football math finished at 5.The football math has been over since 5 oclock.The football math has been over f

17、or 20 minutes.1. I have bought this bike for 2 years. 2. He has borrowed this book for 3 days. 3. She has got here since 10 oclock. 4. They have left their hometown since 2000.5. We have come to the city for a week.6. LiQiang has joined the army since he was 18 years old.I have had this bike for 2 y

18、ears. He has kept this book for 3 days. She has been here since 10 oclock. They have been away from their hometown since 2000.We have been in the city for a week. Li Qiang has been in the army since he was 18 years old. 單項(xiàng)選擇。單項(xiàng)選擇。1. I _ a teacher for ten years. A. am B. have been C. be2. I _ the last page of the book last night. A. read B. have read C. am reading3. He _ t