授課人程建芳

1、Welcome授課人授課人:程建芳程建芳復習要點復習要點Tom broke the window. （主動語態(tài)）（主動語態(tài)） The window was broken by Tom. （被動語態(tài)）（被動語態(tài)） 英語的謂語動詞有兩種語態(tài)英語的謂語動詞有兩種語態(tài)主動語態(tài)主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)（前者表示句子的（前者表示句子的主語為動作的發(fā)出者主語為動作的發(fā)出者，后者表示句子的，后者表示句子的主語為動作的承受者主語為動作的承受者。）。）從以上對比可以看出，主動句中的主語從以上對比可以看出，主動句中的主語Tom在被動句中在被動句中變成了短語變成了短語by Tom，主動句中的賓語，主動句中的賓語the

2、 window變成了被變成了被動句中的主語。由于被動句中的主語即主動句中的賓語，動句中的主語。由于被動句中的主語即主動句中的賓語，因此，因此，。被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成時時 間間一一 般般進進 行行完完 成成現(xiàn)現(xiàn) 在在 am/is/are asked 被問被問 am/is/are being asked 正在被問正在被問 have/has been asked 已經(jīng)被問過已經(jīng)被問過過過 去去 was/were asked（過去）被問（過去）被問 was/were being asked（過去）正被問（過去）正被問 had been asked（過去）已被問過（過去）已被問過將將 來來 sh

3、all/will be asked 將要被問將要被問1被動語態(tài)的各種時態(tài)均由助動詞被動語態(tài)的各種時態(tài)均由助動詞be的的變化構(gòu)成。變化構(gòu)成。2被動語態(tài)的否定式和疑問式均由助動被動語態(tài)的否定式和疑問式均由助動詞或第一個助動詞構(gòu)成。詞或第一個助動詞構(gòu)成。3.人稱和時態(tài)的變化體現(xiàn)在人稱和時態(tài)的變化體現(xiàn)在be動詞上，而動詞上，而過去分詞在任何時態(tài)中都不改變。過去分詞在任何時態(tài)中都不改變。過去將來過去將來 should/would be asked（過去）將要被問（過去）將要被問被動語態(tài)基本構(gòu)成：被動語態(tài)基本構(gòu)成：be+過去分詞過去分詞常見的被動結(jié)構(gòu)常見的被動結(jié)構(gòu)v1SVO句型句型的被動結(jié)構(gòu)的被動結(jié)構(gòu) S

4、VO句型中的謂語為單賓及物動詞，其被動結(jié)構(gòu)是：句型中的謂語為單賓及物動詞，其被動結(jié)構(gòu)是： S + V(被動式被動式) (+ by短語短語)。 He wrote the book two years ago. The book was written by him two years ago. v.2 SVoO句型句型的被動結(jié)構(gòu)的被動結(jié)構(gòu) SVoO句型中的謂語動詞為雙賓及物動詞，其被動結(jié)構(gòu)是：句型中的謂語動詞為雙賓及物動詞，其被動結(jié)構(gòu)是： S + V(被動式被動式) + O/o(保留賓語保留賓語) (+ by短語短語)。 My aunt gave me an apple. * I was giv

5、en an apple. An apple was given to me. 一般把間接賓語（表示人）作為被動句的主語，而把直接賓語（表示物）作為保留一般把間接賓語（表示人）作為被動句的主語，而把直接賓語（表示物）作為保留賓語。如果把直接賓語作為被動句的主語，則間接賓語作為保留賓語，它的前賓語。如果把直接賓語作為被動句的主語，則間接賓語作為保留賓語，它的前面通常要用介詞面通常要用介詞to或或for（視動詞而定）（視動詞而定）v3 SVOC句型句型的被動結(jié)構(gòu)的被動結(jié)構(gòu) SVOC句型中的謂語動詞為復賓及物動詞，其被動結(jié)構(gòu)是：句型中的謂語動詞為復賓及物動詞，其被動結(jié)構(gòu)是：S + V(被動式被動式)

6、+ C(主語補足語主語補足語) (+ by短語短語)。 People usually call me Jim for short. I am usually called Jim for short v4 短語動詞的被動結(jié)構(gòu)短語動詞的被動結(jié)構(gòu) 短語動詞的被動結(jié)構(gòu)是：短語動詞的被動結(jié)構(gòu)是：S + V(被動式被動式) + 介詞介詞/副詞副詞 (+ by短短語語)。 在將含有短語動詞的主動句轉(zhuǎn)換成被動句時，原短語動詞中的介詞或副在將含有短語動詞的主動句轉(zhuǎn)換成被動句時，原短語動詞中的介詞或副詞（如以上句中的詞（如以上句中的for, off, of）不能遺漏。）不能遺漏。 We have sent fo

7、r a doctor. A doctor has been sent for v5 帶帶情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞的被動結(jié)構(gòu)的被動結(jié)構(gòu) 帶情態(tài)動詞的被動結(jié)構(gòu)是：帶情態(tài)動詞的被動結(jié)構(gòu)是：S + V(情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞+主要動詞的被動式主要動詞的被動式) (+ by短語短語) You must do it at once. It must be done at once.各種時態(tài)的被動結(jié)構(gòu)練習各種時態(tài)的被動結(jié)構(gòu)練習1、The Chinese food _ to be the healthiest in the world. A. considers B. is considering C. is consid

8、ered D. has considered 2、John _ , for he went swimming yesterday without permission.A.would punished B. had punished C. punished D. was punished3、- Have you moved into the new house ?- Not yet .Rooms _. A. are painting B. are painted C. are being painting D. are being painted一般時態(tài)：一般時態(tài)：am/is/are +過去分

9、詞過去分詞現(xiàn)在進行時態(tài)：現(xiàn)在進行時態(tài)：am/is/are +being +過去分詞過去分詞過去時態(tài)：過去時態(tài)：was/were +過去分詞過去分詞4、Mr. Wu was in hospital . when we went to see him , he _on . A. operated B. was operated C. was operating D. was being operated 5、The new school _ when the new term begins. A. finishes B. will finish C. will be finished D. wou

10、ld finish6、The old scientist said that he _ to visit their country before long . A. invited B. had invited C. was inviting D. would be invited 過去進行時態(tài)：過去進行時態(tài)：was/were + being +過去分詞過去分詞一般將來時態(tài)：一般將來時態(tài)：will + be+過去分詞過去分詞過去將來時態(tài)：過去將來時態(tài)：would + be+過去分詞過去分詞7、With the help of the Hope Project, more and more n

11、ew schools _ in the poor area. A. built B. have built C. have been built D. have been building8、He came out and told us that the work _.A. finished B. was finished C. had finished D. had been finished 9、The programmes _ easily if you use a short wave radio. A. can pick up B. pick up C. picked up D.

12、can be picked up現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)：現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)：have/has + been +過去分詞過去分詞過去完成時態(tài)：過去完成時態(tài)：had + been +過去分詞過去分詞情態(tài)動詞：情態(tài)動詞：情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞+be +過去分詞過去分詞 不知道或沒必要知道動作的執(zhí)行者。不知道或沒必要知道動作的執(zhí)行者。 The book was first published in the late 1990s.b)不便說出動作的執(zhí)行者。不便說出動作的執(zhí)行者。The plan was generally considered impractical.c)突出動作的承受者。突出動作的承受者。She is re

13、spected by all the workers of the factory.d)漢語中的無主句，在英語中用被動語態(tài)漢語中的無主句，在英語中用被動語態(tài) 。Smoking is not allowed in public places.何時用被動語態(tài)何時用被動語態(tài)4）有些短語不用被動語態(tài)）有些短語不用被動語態(tài) do ones best, make a face, make room(騰位子），騰位子），make up ones mind, belong to不用被動語態(tài)的情況（考點）1）不及物動詞不用被動語態(tài)；注意：）不及物動詞不用被動語態(tài)；注意：happen, break out ,ta

14、ke place The story was happened in 1934. ( ）2）表狀態(tài)的動詞不用被動語態(tài)表狀態(tài)的動詞不用被動語態(tài)；have, lack, fit I have a new bike.3）連系動詞不用被動語態(tài)；）連系動詞不用被動語態(tài)；The story is sounded true. ( ）1）感官動詞）感官動詞 ( taste ; feel ; smell ; sound ; look ) 用主動用主動形式表示被動。形式表示被動。 How sweet the music sounds ! Good medicine tastes bitter to the mou

15、th .2） write、read、sell、keep、prove、weigh、number、drink、wear、pay、wash、open常用主動形式表被動意常用主動形式表被動意義。尤其是有副詞義。尤其是有副詞 well, easily時。時。 The book sells well . ( 這本書銷路很好。這本書銷路很好。 ) The door will not open . ( 這扇門就是打不開。這扇門就是打不開。 ) This dress washes better . ( 這衣服較好洗。這衣服較好洗。 ) The sign reads as follows . ( 這牌子告示如下。

16、這牌子告示如下。 )特殊情況特殊情況 （考試重點（考試重點 ）3）need, demand, want(需要）需要）, require, be worth等后用等后用動名詞表被動。動名詞表被動。 The desk needs repairing. The novel is worth seeing.注意：注意：need后可接動名詞表被動，又可接動詞不定式的被動形后可接動名詞表被動，又可接動詞不定式的被動形式。但若有附加成分有用動詞不定式的被動形式。比較：式。但若有附加成分有用動詞不定式的被動形式。比較： The desk needs repairing. The desk needs to b

17、e repaired.4) 注意動名詞的被動形式，（注意動名詞的被動形式，（being done) Nobody likes being laughed at. 沒人喜歡被嘲笑。沒人喜歡被嘲笑。Mr. Hodge was a 1 farmer . He had hundreds of chickens , and sold eggs and the meat and got a lot of 2 them , but he lived in a very 3 part of the country , and he found 4 his hens (母雞母雞) laid 5 in the s

18、ummer . So he decided to put air-conditionings （空（空調(diào)）調(diào)）into his chicken-house 6 they would lay well all through the year and he could get more eggs and in that way earn more money . The owner of the company which 7 the air-conditioning came to see him , and when he saw Mr. Hodges house , he thought that he might be able to persuade （說服）（說服）him to buy som