Edgar Allan Poe

1、Edgar Allan Poe(1809-1849)A brief introduction of Poe He is an American author, poet, editor and literary critic. He was considered part of the American Romantic Movement. one of the earliest American practitioners of the short story the tales of mystery and the macabre令人毛骨聳然的 the inventor of the de

2、tective fiction genre the first well-known American writer to try to learn a living through writing alone, resulting in a financially difficult life and career He was born in Boston. He was an orphan when his mother died shortly after his father abandoned the family. Poe was taken in by John Allan.H

3、e attended the University of Virginia for one semester but left due to lack of money.Then he enlisted in the Army and later failing as an officers cadet學(xué)員 at West Point.西點(diǎn)軍校的二十二條軍規(guī)： 無條件執(zhí)行 2. 工作無借口3. 細(xì)節(jié)決定成敗 4. 以上司為榜樣5. 榮譽(yù)原則 6. 受人歡迎7. 善于合作 8. 團(tuán)隊(duì)精神9.只有第一 10. 敢于冒險(xiǎn)11. 火一般的精神 12. 不斷提升自己13. 勇敢者的游戲 14. 全力以赴

4、15. 盡職盡責(zé) 16. 沒有不可能17. 永不放棄 18. 敬業(yè)為魂19. 為自己奮斗 20.理念至上21.自動自發(fā) 22. 立即行動In 1835, he married Virginia Clemm, his 13-year-old cousin. In 1847, his wife died and left him inconsolable and bitter with life than ever. He turned to drink and deteriorated physically and emotionally until his death at the age o

5、f forty. He was poor all his life. 傳記作家和評論家常常認(rèn)為愛倫坡作品中頻繁出現(xiàn)的主題“美麗女人之死”源于他生活中女性的一再消逝，包括他的妻子。II. His main works Tamerlane and Other Poems帖木兒及其他詩2. Tales of the Grotesque and Arabesque 述異集3. Tales 故事集Two kinds of his short stories: Mystery and horror 懸疑和恐怖 The Black Cat 黑貓 The cask of Amontillado 阿芒提拉多的酒

6、桶 The Mask of the Red Death 紅色死亡假面舞會 Ligeia 莉蓋亞 The Fall of the House of Usher 厄舍屋的倒塌2) Detective 推理 The Purloined letter 被竊的信件 The Gold Bug 金甲蟲 The Murders in the Rue Morgue 莫格街的謀殺案柯南 道爾 “在（推理小說創(chuàng)作）這條狹窄的小路上，一個作家必須步行，而他總會看到在他前面有愛倫坡的腳印?！?Poes works on literary theory : The Philosophy of Composition創(chuàng)作哲

7、學(xué)1)The Poetic Principle 詩歌原則 Poes famous poems The Raven 烏鴉 Annable Lee 安娜貝爾 李 Sonnet- To Science十四行詩 致科學(xué)1)To Helen 致海倫III. Writing style one setting- short and brevity Melancholy is all the poetic tones. the rhythmical creation of beauty- his stress on rhythm, musical effect, even metrical韻律 flow i

8、n versification (詩律)III. Themes In theme, Poe anticipates twentieth-century literature in his treatment of the disintegration碎裂;分裂of the self in a world of T.S Eliots “nothingness” and Hemingways “nada” n:d: (沒有什么). In general, Poe portrayed the world of the neurotics神經(jīng)病人/ the criminal/ the abnormal

9、/ the sinner through aesthetic and rational eyes. Poe revealed in his stories that these peoples behavior led to disintegration of soul or mind, which led to a morbid病態(tài)的 and dreary world, and to death.IV. Influence偵探小說(detective story）鼻祖、科幻小說(science fiction）先驅(qū)之一、恐怖小說(horror fiction）大師、短篇哥特小說巔峰、象征主義

10、(symbolism）先驅(qū)之一，唯美主義(aestheticism）者。受到過愛倫坡影響的主要人物有：柯南道爾、波德萊爾、斯特芳馬拉美、儒勒凡爾納、羅伯特路易斯斯蒂文森、希區(qū)柯克、蒂姆伯頓、江戶川亂步等。愛倫坡最著名的文藝?yán)碚撌恰靶Ч摗?。坡的文學(xué)主張，死亡美學(xué)和恐怖美學(xué)。愛倫坡、安布魯斯布爾斯和H.P.洛夫克拉夫特并稱為美國三大恐怖小說家。The Father of psychoanalytic criticismV. The Raven7.Gothic novel is a type of romance very popular late in the 18th century and

11、at the beginning of the 19th century.Gothic novel emphasizes things which are grotesque怪異的， violent， mysterious， supernatural，desolate 荒涼 and horrifying. Gothic， originally in the sense of “medic醫(yī)學(xué)，not classical”，with its descriptions of the dark，irrational side of human nature，Gothic novel has exer

12、ted a great influence over the writers of the Romantic period.Symbols in The Raven the raven: ill-omen death nevermore Midnight and December : the end of something December Poes mother died in this month3. the chamber: loneliness of the man, the sorrow he feels for the loss of Lenore. The room is ri

13、chly furnished, reminds the narrator of his lost love, which helps to create an effect of beauty in the poem. The tempest outside is used to even more signify the isolation of this man, to show a sharp contrast between the calmness in the chamber and the tempestuous night. 烏鴉敘述的是一位經(jīng)受失親之痛的男子在孤苦無奈，心灰意

14、冷的深夜與一只烏鴉邂逅并敘述其思妻的故事?；{(diào)凄愴疑懼，源于不可逆性的絕望，隨著烏鴉一聲聲“永不復(fù)生”而加深，直至絕望到無以復(fù)加的地步。 “永不復(fù)生”共重復(fù)了11次，它是烏鴉唯一的話語，既是它的名字，也是它對作者每一次詢問的回答。聽起來雖答非所問，但覺得非常應(yīng)景。它把原本荒誕的對話推向了對生存價值的哲理敘述。人至愛的一切不正象烏鴉聒噪的那樣，一旦逝去便永不復(fù)生嗎？ 12月的深夜，又黑又冷，這是敘述者凄苦難耐的心理寫照。正是這種心境引來了烏鴉，它孤立在女神的塑像上，一次次地傳達(dá)著冥界的訊息，一次次地用沙啞刺耳的“永不復(fù)生”的字眼戳啄著敘述者已破碎的心，使他的靈魂沉入低徊飄蕩的陰影之中。在音韻的處理上，愛倫坡大量使用了頭韻alliteration、內(nèi)韻internal ryhme 和諧韻assonance，對近似音進(jìn)行了精細(xì)而超常的排列。每一節(jié)中都有一系列的短句構(gòu)成長行，這樣連續(xù)不斷拍成流水行，只在行間換氣。極忠實(shí)地表現(xiàn)了敘述者低徊哀婉的語氣，讀起來如一步三嘆。 坡的短篇小說和詩作都充滿了哥特式的神奇色彩。坡對美好事物的凋零有著強(qiáng)烈的迷戀。追根究底，這源遠(yuǎn)與他兒時的喪親之痛與中年喪妻之痛。而已逝女子的影子常在他的腦海里盤旋，引領(lǐng)他在詩歌王國里翱翔。哥特式風(fēng)格又恰如其分地被其用在