高中英語細節(jié)題及主旨大意題之答題技巧

1、閱讀理解做題技巧一、細節(jié)理解題：一、細節(jié)理解題：1、直接事實題直接事實題：2、間接事實題：、間接事實題：先閱讀題干，確定讀材料的時候要查找的先閱讀題干，確定讀材料的時候要查找的細節(jié)及事實的范圍，然后利用細節(jié)及事實的范圍，然后利用略讀略讀的手法的手法找出出處。找出出處。需結(jié)合上下文提供的語境和信息進行需結(jié)合上下文提供的語境和信息進行簡單的概括和判斷。簡單的概括和判斷。 Many American presidents in the 19th century were born in poor families. They spent their childrenhood in little wo

2、oden rooms. They got little education. Washington and Lincoln, for example, never went to school and they taught themselves. Lincoln once did jobs of a worker, shop-keeper and post officer in his early years. A large number of U.S presidents had experiences in the army. The two best known were Ulyss

3、es Grant and Dwight D. Eisenhower. Grant was a general in the American Civil War and Eisenhower was a hero in the second World War. It happened that they graduated from the same schoolWest Point Military Academy(西點軍校)1Q: President Eisenhower became well- known . A. while studying in West Point Milit

4、ary Academy B. during the American Civil War C. after he was elected President of the U.S. D. during World War II. Eisenhower was a hero in the second World War.主旨題主旨題標題類標題類文章主旨文章主旨段落主旨段落主旨1).What does the writer mainly tell us? 2).Which of the following can summarize the main idea of this passage?3

5、).Which of the following best expresses the main idea?4).Which is the subject discussed in the text?5).The best headline for this newspaper article is _.6).Whats the best title for this passage?I. main idea型型, 即即: 主題型主題型.II. topic 或或 title型型, 即即: 標題型標題型.主旨大意題的常見的提問形式主旨大意題的常見的提問形式:識別文體識別文體,找主題句找主題句新聞

6、報道新聞報道導語提攜全文導語提攜全文議論文議論文 總總-分分-總總（論點論據(jù)結(jié)論）（論點論據(jù)結(jié)論）說明文說明文主題句主題句（首中尾）（首中尾）記敘文記敘文記敘文六要素記敘文六要素尋找主題句的方法尋找主題句的方法(一一) 記敘文記敘文: 文中一般沒有明顯的題句文中一般沒有明顯的題句 夾敘夾議文夾敘夾議文: 主題句常在議論中主題句常在議論中 說明文說明文: 一般在一般在首段首段 議論文議論文: 一般為總分總模式一般為總分總模式, 即主題句（即主題句（作作 者的觀點）者的觀點） 常在首段或末段（作常在首段或末段（作 者觀點的重申）。當然，由于寫者觀點的重申）。當然，由于寫 作需要，主題句偶爾也可在一

7、段作需要，主題句偶爾也可在一段 文章中間。文章中間。尋找主題句的方法尋找主題句的方法(二二) 文中出現(xiàn)的連詞（轉(zhuǎn)折文中出現(xiàn)的連詞（轉(zhuǎn)折but/ however，因果因果 so/ therefore，或一些常見但在文章中，或一些常見但在文章中間出現(xiàn)有一定目的的詞（間出現(xiàn)有一定目的的詞（in fact, the study shows that, for example, in short）, 這這些詞后面所闡述的往往就是主題句些詞后面所闡述的往往就是主題句 。尋找主題句的方法尋找主題句的方法(三三)有的文章無明顯主題句，主題句隱含在有的文章無明顯主題句，主題句隱含在段意之中，這就需要讀者對每段文

8、章的段段意之中，這就需要讀者對每段文章的段意進行歸納，在段落大意的基礎(chǔ)上再進一意進行歸納，在段落大意的基礎(chǔ)上再進一步加工概括了。步加工概括了。(四四)首段出現(xiàn)疑問句時首段出現(xiàn)疑問句時,對該問題的解答就是對該問題的解答就是文章主旨文章主旨.(五五)關(guān)注高頻詞關(guān)注高頻詞 (常為名詞常為名詞)第二步第二步: 推敲選項推敲選項, 排除干擾排除干擾推敲選項正誤的推敲選項正誤的5個小竅門個小竅門: 根據(jù)第一步尋找主題句根據(jù)第一步尋找主題句,找出關(guān)鍵詞找出關(guān)鍵詞,與四與四個選項進行匹配個選項進行匹配,選出最合適恰當?shù)拇鸢高x出最合適恰當?shù)拇鸢?正確選項常含有概括性的詞語正確選項常含有概括性的詞語 正確選項一般

9、不正確選項一般不含絕對意義的詞含絕對意義的詞 正確選項應(yīng)能概括全文正確選項應(yīng)能概括全文,內(nèi)容全面內(nèi)容全面,含義深含義深刻或說明道理刻或說明道理 四個選項中四個選項中,內(nèi)容相近或完全相反的兩個內(nèi)容相近或完全相反的兩個選項中往往有一個是正確答案選項中往往有一個是正確答案第二步第二步: 推敲選項推敲選項, 排除干擾排除干擾干擾項的特點干擾項的特點:概括范圍太窄概括范圍太窄,常為文中具體信息或某個段常為文中具體信息或某個段落大意落大意概括范圍太寬概括范圍太寬,所表達內(nèi)容常超出文章闡述所表達內(nèi)容常超出文章闡述的內(nèi)容的內(nèi)容無關(guān)信息無關(guān)信息:即文中未提到或找不到語言依即文中未提到或找不到語言依據(jù)的信息據(jù)的信

10、息,但看起來又是對的但看起來又是對的.第二步第二步: 推敲選項推敲選項, 排除干擾排除干擾標題的特點標題的特點: 簡練簡練, 全面全面, 范圍合理范圍合理, 常為名詞常為名詞. 忌忌: 范圍太大范圍太大, 過于籠統(tǒng)過于籠統(tǒng), 范圍太小范圍太小 (常用文中細節(jié)或某段段落大意常用文中細節(jié)或某段段落大意來混淆來混淆). 如何尋找主題句如何尋找主題句Sample 1 People have different tastes in food. Some feel that they havent eaten a meal unless they have had steak or other red m

11、eat. Some prefer chicken or fish and eat one or the other at every meal. Others prefer vegetables and fruits or grains and would enjoy a meal of spaghetti, eggplant, and fresh fruit. Others could live on what were called fast-foods: a hamburger or hot dog, French fries and a soft drink. （1）主題句在段首）主題

12、句在段首 一個主題句常常是一個段落的開頭，其后的一個主題句常常是一個段落的開頭，其后的句子則是論證性細節(jié)。在論說文，科技文獻和新句子則是論證性細節(jié)。在論說文，科技文獻和新聞報道中多采用這種格式。聞報道中多采用這種格式。 Sample 2Some students prefer a strict teacher who tells them exactly what to do. Others prefer to be left to work on their own. Still others like a democratic discussion type of class. No on

13、e teaching method can be devised to satisfy all students at the same time. （ 2 2 ）主題句也會出現(xiàn)在主題句也會出現(xiàn)在段尾段尾。作者先擺出事。作者先擺出事實依據(jù)實依據(jù), , 層層推理論證層層推理論證, , 最后自然得出結(jié)論最后自然得出結(jié)論, , 即段落的主題。本段的中心思想在結(jié)尾句得到即段落的主題。本段的中心思想在結(jié)尾句得到體現(xiàn)體現(xiàn), ,它是此段內(nèi)容的結(jié)論。它是此段內(nèi)容的結(jié)論。 Sample 3 Nothing is as useful as a flashlight on a dark night if a tir

14、e goes flat. Few inventions are so helpful to a child who is afraid of the dark. In fact, the modern flashlight brings light to many dark situations. Finding something in the back of a closet is easy with a flashlight in hand . A camper also needs one after the light of the campfire has been out.（3

15、3）在短文中間）在短文中間當主題句被安排在段中間時當主題句被安排在段中間時, , 通常前面只提出通常前面只提出問題，問題， 文中的主題由隨之陳述的細節(jié)或合乎邏文中的主題由隨之陳述的細節(jié)或合乎邏輯的引申在文中導出輯的引申在文中導出, , 而后又作進一步的解釋而后又作進一步的解釋, , 支撐或發(fā)展支撐或發(fā)展. . Sample 4 （無主題句）（無主題句）Joshua Bingham studied 4 years at the University of Paris and decided to leave his graduation. He transferred to the Univer

16、sity of Berlin and graduated with honors. Harvard Law School and, later, Boston College provided him with an excellent legal background. He is presently a corporation lawyer in Miami, Florida.What is the main idea of the passage? A. How Joshua Bingham became a lawyer.B. Bingham is a diligent student

17、.C. Joshua Bingham received an excellent education.D. A good lawyer needs good education. 在做主旨題時，我們要注意以下幾點：在做主旨題時，我們要注意以下幾點：第一，注意段首，段尾。第一，注意段首，段尾。一般來說，文章的第一段首句或末段尾句往一般來說，文章的第一段首句或末段尾句往往是文章中心思想的體現(xiàn)處往是文章中心思想的體現(xiàn)處,有時段首或段尾有時段首或段尾的話就是該文章的中心思想。的話就是該文章的中心思想。第二，特別關(guān)注結(jié)論性或者轉(zhuǎn)折性的語言。第二，特別關(guān)注結(jié)論性或者轉(zhuǎn)折性的語言。這些表達方式有：這些表達方

18、式有：therefore, as a result, thus, so, for example, in fact, moreover, furthermore, whats more, most important of all, but, however, rather, yet等等。等等。第三，在選擇正確答案的過程中，盡量要避第三，在選擇正確答案的過程中，盡量要避免選擇過于絕對的選項。例如：選項中包含免選擇過于絕對的選項。例如：選項中包含有有all, completely, only, almost, absolutely, definitely等。通常正確的答案有一定的概括等。通常正確

19、的答案有一定的概括性和結(jié)論性，過于細節(jié)的選項往往不是正確性和結(jié)論性，過于細節(jié)的選項往往不是正確答案，而過于籠統(tǒng)的選項則往往缺乏準確性，答案，而過于籠統(tǒng)的選項則往往缺乏準確性，或者過于片面，需要我們在選擇時注意。或者過于片面，需要我們在選擇時注意。第四第四,標題須簡練標題須簡練,涵蓋主要內(nèi)容涵蓋主要內(nèi)容,忌其確定的忌其確定的范圍太大或太小范圍太大或太小 ,設(shè)題伎倆常為用文中細節(jié)設(shè)題伎倆常為用文中細節(jié),或段落大意來混淆視聽或段落大意來混淆視聽. Kleptomania is an illness of the mind that gives a person the desire to steal

20、. Such a person is not really a thief. They are sick and cannot help themselves. All small children act naturally and as they grow up they normally learn to control their actions. People with kleptomania for certain medical reasons have failed to develop control over their desire to take things that

21、 do not belong to them. With medical help they may become normal citizens again. They things that a kleptomaniac steals are seldom of great value. They often give away what they have stolen or collect objects without using them. Q : What is the topic of the text? A. Young Thieves. B. An Unusual Illn

22、ess. C. Reasons for Stealing D.A Normal Childs Actions. On the night of the party Merlin rolled into the room playing his violin. Everyone was astonished to see him. There was just one problem. Merlin had no way to stop his roller skater. He rolled on and on. Suddenly he ran into a huge mirror that

23、was hanging on the wall. Down fell the mirror, breaking to pieces. Nobody forgot Merlins grand entrance for a long time! Q: What is the main point the writer is trying to make in the paragraph? A. The roller skates needed further improvement. B. The party guests took Merlin for a fool! C. Merlin suc

24、ceeded beyond expectation. D. Merlin got himself into trouble.In the 1930s, a lot of people in the USA were out of work. Among these people was a man named Alfred Butts. He always had an interest in word games and to fill his time he planned a game which he called “Lexico”. However, he was not compl

25、etely satisfied with the game, so he made a number of changes to it and changed its name from “ Lexico” to “Alph” and then to “Criss Cross”. He wanted to make some money from his new game but he didnt have any real commercial(商業(yè)性的)success.Q: The text is mainly about_.A. Lexico B. Three men C . A wor

26、d game D. Alfred Butts. Paragraph 1: Reading is the key to school success and, like any skill it Takes practice. A child learns to walk by practicing until he no longer has to think about how to put one foot in front of the other. A great athlete practices until he can play quickly, accurately(精確),

27、without thinking. Tennis players call that “ being” in the zone.” Educators call it “ automaticity (自如).Q: The first paragraph tells us _.what automaticity is how accuracy is acquired (獲得獲得)C. how a child learns to walk D. how an athlete is trained. Passage 2 Boston- Thieves dressed as police entere

28、d a museum early Sunday and stole 11 paintings, including major works by Rembrandt,Dagas, Manet and Vermerr, FBI (美國聯(lián)邦調(diào)查局美國聯(lián)邦調(diào)查局) and the museumofficials said. The first judgment placed value of at least $100 million on the worksstolen from the Isabella Gardener Museum, said Boston police spokes-man

29、 Jim Tordan. William Bobinson, of Hardvard Univercitys Foggel Museum, called the objects stolen “major works.” Q: What is the best headline for this newspaper article ? A Theft Took Place in Boston Artworks stolen by ThievesC. Major Works D. Investigation into the Theft As prices and building costs

30、keep rising, the “do-it-yourself” (DIY) trend in the U.S. continues to grow.John and Jim are not unusual people. Most families in the country are doing everything they can to save money so they can fight the high cost of living. If you want to become a “do-it-yourself, you can go to DIY classes. And

31、 for those who dont have time to take a course, there are books that tell you how you can do things yourself.Q: What would be the best title for the text? A.The Joy of DIY B.You can Do it Too! C. Welcome to Our DIY Course! D. Ross and Hatfield: Believers in DIYPassage 1 : You dream each night, even

32、though you may not remember your dreams. While you dream your eyes move and your heart beats faster. Even your brain-wave pattern changes. Some scientists think that dreaming is important for the sake of health. They claim that without dream, people would go crazy. Q: What does the passage mainly tell us? How people stay healthy How sleep is necessary C. Why dreams are important D. When people remember their dreamsParagraph 2: In America we have Halloween. In Me