人教新課標(biāo)知識(shí)點(diǎn)總復(fù)習(xí)選修八Unit3Inventorsandinventions

1、Unit 3 Inventors and inventions 核心單詞1. distinguish vi.&vt. 顯示的差別；使有所不同；辨別（常與from, between連用）；區(qū)別；區(qū)分I can distinguish them at a distance. 從遠(yuǎn)處我就能認(rèn)出他們。The man distinguishes himself by his wisdom.這個(gè)人因他的才智而揚(yáng)名。 常用結(jié)構(gòu)：distinguish A from B 辨別A與B be distinguished from 不同于be distinguished by 以為特征be distinguishe

2、d for 因而著稱distinguish oneself 使出眾；使著名高手過招(1)單項(xiàng)填空It is not easy to cultured pearls from genuine pearls. （201001河南鄭州檢測(cè)）A. distinguish B. separateC. identify D. recognize(1)解析：選A。考查詞語(yǔ)辨析。distinguish .from 辨別，把和區(qū)別開；separate .from把隔開；identify辨別；recognize認(rèn)出，這兩個(gè)詞后面都不跟from。 (2)完成句子 （原創(chuàng)）Can you distinguish (中

3、間) those two objects? Children should be taught to (分辨是非).Speech human beings (不同于) the animals. The Chinese nation is (因而著稱) its diligence and courage.答案：between distinguish right from wrongdistinguishes; fromdistinguished for 2. convenientadj.便利的，方便的;就近的常用結(jié)構(gòu)：be convenient to/for sb. 對(duì)(某人)方便It is c

4、onvenient to do sth. 做某事方便Our house is very convenient for the shops. 我們的房子離商店很近。聯(lián)想拓展convenience n. 方便at your convenience 在你方便的時(shí)候if it suits a persons convenience如果對(duì)某人方便for the convenience of sb. 為了某人方便起見 高手過招(1)單項(xiàng)填空Our new house is very for me as I can get to the office in five minutes. （201001河南洛陽(yáng)

5、檢測(cè)）A. Adaptable B. comfortableC. convenient D. available(2)完成句子 （原創(chuàng)）Come and see me (無(wú)論你何時(shí)方便).(3)選詞填空(convenient/convenience)We must arrange a time and place for the meeting.I keep my reference books near by desk for . (1)解析：選C。由in five minutes可知，此處應(yīng)表示便利的，方便的。A項(xiàng)意為能適應(yīng)的；B項(xiàng)意為舒適的；D項(xiàng)意為可以利用，均不符合句意。(2)when

6、ever it s convenient to you(3)convenient convenience 3. bearvt. 忍受；具有，帶有；顯示 （標(biāo)記或特性）；忍耐；負(fù)擔(dān)The letter bears no signature.這封信上沒有署名。易混辨析bear/endure/stand/toleratebear強(qiáng)調(diào)忍受者對(duì)痛苦、憂慮、煩惱以及責(zé)任的承受力，常用于否定句中。endure意為經(jīng)受長(zhǎng)期的艱難、困苦或折磨而不屈服，強(qiáng)調(diào)持久力和意志堅(jiān)強(qiáng)，常用于否定句中。stand強(qiáng)調(diào)不屈不撓或經(jīng)受得起，常用于否定句中。溫馨提示tolerate意為忍受某人或某種行為而不反抗，語(yǔ)氣最弱，可用于肯

7、定句和否定句中。bear表示忍受時(shí)其后可跟doing sth.表示習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作，也可跟to do sth.表示某一次具體動(dòng)作，且多與 can, could，be able to連用；作生產(chǎn)，生育講時(shí)，有兩種過去分詞形式：borne指生產(chǎn)，生育，而 born 指出生。 高手過招(1)單項(xiàng)填空I dont think our relationship could the strain of her mother visiting for a month. （201001浙江嘉興檢測(cè)）A. bear B. tell C. put up D. hold(2)選詞填空(bear/endure/stand/

8、tolerate) （原創(chuàng)）Our tent wont another storm like the last one. I cant to wait any longer.Shes already had to three painful operations on her leg. I will not that sort of behaviour in my class. (1)解析：選A。bear 承受，符合句意；tell區(qū)別，告訴；put up 舉起，張貼；hold持有。(2)stand bear endure tolerate 4. seizevt. 抓??；捉?。徽紦?jù)；（指強(qiáng)烈的感

9、情愿望等）突然影響或控制（某人）；奪She seized me by the wrist. 她抓住了我的手腕。Panic seized us. 我們驚恐萬(wàn)狀。常用結(jié)構(gòu)：seize/hold of sth. 抓住某物seize a chance/an opportunity 抓住時(shí)機(jī)seize on/upon sth. 意識(shí)到某事物而立即加以利用高手過招完成句子 （原創(chuàng)）His father asked him (抓住時(shí)機(jī)賺一些錢).We (身不由己) by a sudden impulse to run.The critics (抓住) my mistake and said I was ig

10、norant. 答案： to seize the chance to make some moneywere seized seized on 5. expectationn. 預(yù)料；期待；期望He has little expectation of passing the exam. 他對(duì)考試及格不抱希望。I usually enjoy his films, but the last one didn t come to my expectations.我向來喜歡看他的電影，但最近的一部并不像我期望的那樣好。常用結(jié)構(gòu)：beyond expectation 出乎意料in expectation

11、 of 預(yù)料，期望，指望against all expectation(s) 與預(yù)期相反，出乎意料come up to ones expectations 不負(fù)(某人)所望溫馨提示expectation 為不可數(shù)名詞，當(dāng)其意為期望的事物，前景時(shí)，常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。高手過招完成句子 （原創(chuàng)）我們?cè)谲囌镜戎?，期待她的到來。We waited at the station her arrival. 答案：in expectation of 重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)6. go through經(jīng)歷(困難、痛苦等)；通過,成功,成交；審閱,檢查；翻找,查看,搜尋；穿過,通過The plan didnt go through.

12、 計(jì)劃沒通過。 A terrible noise went through the house. 一陣可怕的聲音響徹整幢房子。聯(lián)想拓展 look through 瀏覽；看破；溫習(xí)read through 通讀;連續(xù)flow through 流過;流經(jīng)；通過流動(dòng)get through 通過;接通;使成功search through 搜尋,查找carry sth. through 成功地完成put sth. through 完成或達(dá)成（計(jì)劃、方案） 高手過招單項(xiàng)填空I have never this kind of thing, so Im afraid. （201001浙江紹興檢測(cè)）A. loo

13、k through B. looked throughC. got through D. gone through解析：選D。根據(jù)句意可知，此處應(yīng)意為經(jīng)歷，經(jīng)手。故選D。 7. call up征召；召集服兵役；喚起；使人回憶；帶入心中；給打電話He called me up to tell me the good news. 他打電話給我并告訴我這個(gè)好消息。I was called up three months after war broke out.戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)爆發(fā)后的第三個(gè)月，我被應(yīng)征入伍。聯(lián)想拓展call back 召回；回電話；收回處理call on/at 拜訪(on后跟人；at后跟地點(diǎn)名詞

14、)call for 要求;提倡;為叫喊call forth 使產(chǎn)生；引起call in 召集;召來;來訪call off 取消；延期call out 出動(dòng);喚起;大聲叫喚call on .to do號(hào)召做 高手過招用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~或副詞填空 （原創(chuàng)）This is the work that calls patience. Human Rights groups are calling the release of political prisoners. He had to call the meeting because of the bad weather.Ill call him tomo

15、rrow, do you want to visit him with me?The company has called all such models as built in 1990.The government then called troops to deal with the disturbances.The old photo calls memories of my childhood. 答案：for for off on back in up 8. get through設(shè)法聯(lián)系上（尤指打通電話）；(設(shè)法)做完；通過考試；用光；用完；使成功;使理解;明白 We were a

16、ll delighted when we heard you had got through the exam. 聽到你通過考試時(shí)，我們都很高興。聯(lián)想拓展get across 通過；使理解get over 越過，克服（困難）；從（疾病）恢復(fù)過來get through with 結(jié)束；完成；花光（錢財(cái)?shù)龋?高手過招單項(xiàng)填空I couldnt .The line was busy. （201001浙江臺(tái)州檢測(cè)）go by B. go around C. get in D. get through 解析：選D。由The line was busy可知，這里指電話沒有接通。go by從旁邊經(jīng)過；go

17、around走來走去；get in收獲；get through接通電話，符合句意。 9. set about sth./doing sth./(to do)(不用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)) 開始（某工作）； 著手做某事I must set about my packing. 我得開始收拾行李了。The new government must set about finding solutions to the countrys economic problems. 新政府必須立即找出解決國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)問題的辦法。 聯(lián)想拓展set sth. aside 將某事物放在一邊；節(jié)省或保留（錢或時(shí)間）set sth. do

18、wn 將某事物記在紙上； 寫下來set out 出發(fā)；啟程；（懷著目標(biāo)）開始工作set off 開始（旅行、賽跑等）set sth. off 使（炸彈、地雷等）爆炸set to 精力充沛地開始做某事set sth. up 擺放或豎起某物；創(chuàng)（體育）紀(jì)錄 高手過招用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~填空（原創(chuàng)）I dont know how to set this job. She set a new world record time the 100metre race.They set on the last stage their journey. How do senior managers set makin

19、g these decisions? 答案： about up; in out; of about 10. in case如果；以防萬(wàn)一；萬(wàn)一It may rain-youd better take an umbrella (just) in case (it does). 可能下雨你最好帶把傘，以防萬(wàn)一（下起來）。聯(lián)想拓展in case of sth. 若發(fā)生某事；假如in any case 無(wú)論如何；總之in no case 在任何情形下決不；無(wú)論如何都不in that case 既然那樣；假若是那樣的話高手過招完成句子 （原創(chuàng)） (遇火災(zāi)時(shí)), ring the alarm bell.

20、You dont like your job? (既然那樣), why dont you leave?Bring some money with you (以防萬(wàn)一) you want to buy something.答案：In case of fire In that case in case 重點(diǎn)句型11. The first thing I did was to see if there were any products that might help me, but there only seemed to be powders designed to kill snakes. 我

21、所做的第一件事就是看看有沒有現(xiàn)成的產(chǎn)品能幫助我。但是，看來只有一種毒殺蛇的藥粉。在there be結(jié)構(gòu)中，be的人稱與數(shù)應(yīng)遵循就近原則。There was a bucket of water and two chairs in the corner of the house.在房子的角落里有一桶水和兩把椅子。There are two chairs and a bucket of water in the corner of the house.在房子的角落里有兩把椅子和一桶水。聯(lián)想拓展there be的常見形式有：there seems to be.there happens to be.t

22、here used to be .etc.高手過招根據(jù)句意在橫線上填入適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~（原創(chuàng)）The child seems (be) healthy, but the doctor is concerned. It seems to me theres something funny about the case.There doesnt seem (be) much hope that hell come. 答案： to be that to be 12. .but it was not until five days later that Bell sent his first telephone message to his assistant Watson. 但是貝爾是在五天以后才跟他的助手華生通了第一次電話。該句是It is/was not until+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that+其他結(jié)構(gòu)。句中用了not .until .的強(qiáng)調(diào)句結(jié)構(gòu)，此句型只用until，不用till。但如果不是用在強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中，till與until可通用；另外主句中的否定詞not 要提出來，放在until之前一起強(qiáng)調(diào)，因此that后面的從句要用肯定句，不能再用否定句。He didnt go to bed until/till his wife came back.=