外研版八年級(jí)下冊(cè)英語(yǔ)知識(shí)語(yǔ)法匯總

1、Module 1Hobbies語(yǔ)法·剖析·活用簡(jiǎn)單句的五種句子結(jié)構(gòu).句子的種類(lèi)按交際功能可分為陳述句、疑問(wèn)句、祈使句和感嘆句。按結(jié)構(gòu)可分為簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句與復(fù)合句。.簡(jiǎn)單句簡(jiǎn)單句是由一個(gè)主語(yǔ)（或并列主語(yǔ)）和一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)（或并列謂語(yǔ)）構(gòu)成，其陳述句的肯定式有以下五種基本句型：【主語(yǔ)(S)、謂語(yǔ)(V)、表語(yǔ)(P)、賓語(yǔ)(O)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)(OC）】序號(hào)結(jié)構(gòu)講解例句1該句型中的謂語(yǔ)為不及物動(dòng)詞。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的前面可加情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞。如果多個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞并列，可用and，but等并列連詞將它們連接起來(lái)。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在人稱(chēng)和數(shù)上須與主語(yǔ)保持一致。The first book came out in 2

2、003.He is running fast.2SVP此句中的動(dòng)詞為連系動(dòng)詞，連系動(dòng)詞常用的有be，become等，部分行為動(dòng)詞在某些時(shí)候也可以用作連系動(dòng)詞，如:get，keep，turn，grow等。有些感官動(dòng)詞也可以作連系動(dòng)詞，如:look，sound，taste，smell，feel等。Trees are green.Mrs. Smith is a doctor.They are interested in P.E.3SVO此句中的動(dòng)詞為及物動(dòng)詞。動(dòng)詞后接賓語(yǔ)時(shí)應(yīng)該用及物動(dòng)詞，若為不及物動(dòng)詞則須在動(dòng)詞后加上合適的介詞。He saw a film.Jim may visit his par

3、ents tomorrow.4SVOiOd此句型中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是及物動(dòng)詞，后面接兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)，間接賓語(yǔ)一般指人，直接賓語(yǔ)一般指物。一般是“主謂間賓直賓”，也可以是“主謂直賓介詞間賓”?？山与p賓語(yǔ)的常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞有：ask，give，send，buy,sell,bring，pass，tell，show，teach，promiser等。I will give you a book.She bought a present for her parents.5SVOC該句型中的“賓語(yǔ) +賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)”又叫做“復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)”，其特點(diǎn)是賓語(yǔ)與其補(bǔ)語(yǔ)之間是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系?？山訌?fù)合賓語(yǔ)的常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞有：ask，tell，find

4、，help，like，take，make，let，call，watch，see，have等。The news made everyone happy.He wants me to help him.there be 句型there be句型的結(jié)構(gòu)是“there be +某人/某物+某時(shí)/某地”，含義是“在某時(shí)或某地有某人或某物”。從以上講解中我們可以初步掌握英語(yǔ)句子結(jié)構(gòu)的一些特點(diǎn)：英語(yǔ)的句子以謂語(yǔ)為中心，前面是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，后面是動(dòng)作的承受者。除了基本成分之外，狀語(yǔ)也很重要。狀語(yǔ)可以位于句首，也可以置于謂語(yǔ)之后。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，置于句首的多是時(shí)間、條件和原因狀語(yǔ)，置于謂語(yǔ)之后的是地點(diǎn)、方式、原因、目

5、的、時(shí)間和伴隨狀語(yǔ)。一般過(guò)去時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別.時(shí)間上有差異一般過(guò)去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在沒(méi)有關(guān)系，與表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，如:ago，last year，just now，the other day等?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)系,不能與表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。如:He has come back home.（說(shuō)明現(xiàn)在他在家。）He came back home last year.（只能說(shuō)明他去年回來(lái)過(guò),不能說(shuō)明他現(xiàn)在在不在家，可能后來(lái)又出去了,但至今未歸。).結(jié)果上有差異現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)都表示在過(guò)去完成的動(dòng)作，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)“現(xiàn)在”的影響和結(jié)果，動(dòng)作到現(xiàn)在剛完成或還在繼續(xù)。一般過(guò)去時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)生

6、在“過(guò)去”，和現(xiàn)在沒(méi)有關(guān)系?！净顚W(xué)活用】 單項(xiàng)選擇1）She _the piano for six years，but she doesnt play now.A. have playedB.playedC.has played答案：B從后半句可以判斷她已經(jīng)不再?gòu)椾撉倭?，說(shuō)明前面的動(dòng)作和現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)沒(méi)有關(guān)系，只是單純地陳述過(guò)去的事情，所以用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。2）We _ the museum yesterday.A. visitedB.visitC.have visited答案：A有明顯的過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)yesterday，可以判斷用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。3）I _ stamps since I was ten ye

7、ars old. A. collectedB.have collectedC.am collecting答案：Bsince“自從”是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的一個(gè)標(biāo)志性詞語(yǔ)，表示動(dòng)作從某時(shí)開(kāi)始一直延續(xù)，所以用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。4）I _ to school yesterday because I was ill.A. wentB.havent goneC.didnt go答案：C全句為因果關(guān)系，應(yīng)該是“生病沒(méi)有上學(xué)”，所以否定A項(xiàng)；陳述昨天的事情，沒(méi)提到和現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系，所以應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。5）I _ in Beijing for ten years.A. livedB.have livedC.has lived答案

8、：B句意為“我住在北京已經(jīng)十年了”，沒(méi)有任何其他提示，表示現(xiàn)在仍住在北京。典題精講經(jīng)典例題在對(duì)話(huà)的空格處填上適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，使對(duì)話(huà)完整、正確，每空一詞。A: Mum，which TV program(節(jié)目）are you 1?B:Oh，Im watching a Beijing Opera.A: Is that2interesting than a football game?B:Yes，I think3.I prefer(更喜歡)a Beijing Opera4a football game.A:Er.but I dont like it. Shall we watch a cartoon5?B

9、:OK.Which6is your favorite TV program on?A: Its usually7on Channel 8.B:But I cant get8.A: Well，it must9on Channel 6 then. Try that.B:Here it is.The cartoon10just begun. Lets watch it together.A: Thats all right.思路解析：1.從下文問(wèn)話(huà)“我正在看京劇”中可以看出，上句話(huà)中問(wèn)的是“看什么”。答案:watching2.從后面的than 可以看出這是一個(gè)比較級(jí)，因?yàn)閕nteresting是個(gè)多

10、音節(jié)形容詞。答案：more3.從答語(yǔ)yes，可以看出是肯定的形式。答案：so4. prefer.to.“喜歡勝過(guò)”。答案：to5.提出建議“我們來(lái)看卡通片而不要看京劇和球賽”，要用一個(gè)詞表達(dá)此意。答案:instead6.從末尾的介詞“on”判斷，最?lèi)?ài)的電視節(jié)目在哪個(gè)頻道。答案：channel7.上演或是播出,但注意主語(yǔ)是it，所以應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。答案:showed8. not.anything=nothing。答案:anything9.must后面要接動(dòng)詞原形，be on channel 6 “在6頻道”。答案：be10.just暗示本句應(yīng)該是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。答案:has黑色陷阱：本題有兩處陷阱，一

11、是第6題，如果注意不到后面的介詞on，很容易理解成“你最喜歡什么電視節(jié)目”，而本題是最喜歡的節(jié)目在哪個(gè)頻道，所以要填channel而不是program。第二處是第7題，很容易讓人憑直覺(jué)填be，說(shuō)明卡通節(jié)目在第八頻道，陷阱是前面已經(jīng)有be動(dòng)詞is了。所以填be 不對(duì)，并且還要注意動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的運(yùn)用。綠色通道：解答此類(lèi)題一定要先通讀全文，對(duì)對(duì)話(huà)的主要內(nèi)容有一個(gè)大概的理解，并充分利用好上下文所提供的信息，注意每一處細(xì)節(jié)，對(duì)號(hào)入座，對(duì)所填的內(nèi)容要進(jìn)行檢驗(yàn)，看句子是否通順，文章是否合情理。原創(chuàng)題根據(jù)表格和短文判斷正（T）誤（F）。Recently we have made a survey about

12、 the teenagers hobbies. Heres the result.SingingPlayingcomputergamesGrowingVegetablesPlayingFootballDancingPlayingtabletennisCollectingDollsBoysGirlsIts very interesting to see the hobbies above. The teenagers like their hobbies because they like to learn new things and develop new skills. For examp

13、le，playing football can make them strong and understand the importance of team work. Growing vegetables can help their family.(）1.The boys like dancing and singing.(）2.Both the boys and the girls like growing vegetables and playing table tennis.(）3.Collecting dolls can make the girls strong.(）4.Play

14、ing football is a team-work sport.(）5.The boys dont like playing computer games.思路解析：1.F從圖表中可以判斷，喜歡唱歌跳舞的應(yīng)該是女孩子。2.T從圖表中可以判斷男孩和女孩都喜歡的兩項(xiàng)是growing vegetables和playing table tennis。3.F收集洋娃娃不是一個(gè)鍛煉體能的愛(ài)好，所以不能使人變強(qiáng)壯。4.T從文中的例子可以看出踢足球能使人理解團(tuán)隊(duì)合作的重要性，所以應(yīng)該是一項(xiàng)團(tuán)隊(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)。5.F從圖中可以直接判斷此項(xiàng)描述不合文意。黑色陷阱：第4題考查理解能力，第5題考查反向思維能力。綠色通道：注

15、意英文圖表題，一定不要落下任何一個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)，要從細(xì)節(jié)中發(fā)現(xiàn)東西，也可以帶著問(wèn)題去讀表。巧學(xué)法園地come out 一詞多義太陽(yáng)星星升起，花兒綻放，消息傳出，新書(shū)出版，均用come out。Module 2Friendship語(yǔ)法·剖析·活用賓語(yǔ)從句在復(fù)合句中用作賓語(yǔ)的從句叫做賓語(yǔ)從句。它是眾多從句中的一員，在復(fù)合句中作主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、介詞或某些形容詞的賓語(yǔ)。.賓語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞1.陳述句充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，用that引導(dǎo)，that無(wú)詞義，在口語(yǔ)或非正式文體中常省略。如：My teacher said I was a good boy.老師說(shuō)我是個(gè)好男孩。2.當(dāng)由一般疑問(wèn)句充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)

16、，用if或whether引導(dǎo)，意為“是否”。如：I am not sure if you are right.我不確信你是否正確。3.如果賓語(yǔ)從句原來(lái)是特殊疑問(wèn)句，只需用原來(lái)的疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)。如：I want to know where he came from.我想知道他從哪里來(lái)。.賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序必須是陳述語(yǔ)序句式連詞語(yǔ)序例句陳述句That不變I think that we can be good friends.一般疑問(wèn)句if/whether改為陳述語(yǔ)序I cant remember if I posted the letter.特殊疑問(wèn)句特殊疑問(wèn)詞改為陳述語(yǔ)序He asked who was

17、 our English teacher.賓語(yǔ)從句與主句的時(shí)態(tài)要相互呼應(yīng)主句是現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，從句可用任何所需要的時(shí)態(tài)。主句是過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，從句要用表示過(guò)去的相應(yīng)的時(shí)態(tài)。但如果從句中有明確表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，則從句應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，不用過(guò)去完成時(shí)；如從句表達(dá)的是客觀(guān)規(guī)律或真理時(shí)，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如：She said that the earth moves around the sun.她說(shuō)地球圍繞太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)?！净顚W(xué)活用】 單項(xiàng)選擇1）I hope _ it will snow this winter.A. whenB.ifC.whetherD./答案：Dhope 后面應(yīng)該接that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，t

18、hat 在句中沒(méi)有任何意義，可以省略。2)I dont know _ Mr.Green will come to see us.He will help us with our English.A.whyB.whenC.howD.where答案：A從下文的答語(yǔ)看，上文不知道的應(yīng)該是“來(lái)看我們的原因”。3)I cant remember _ I have seen him before.A.whetherB.whyC.whatD.how答案：A本句表達(dá)一種不確定的概念，用whether或if。4)Do you know _？Im going to see him.Sorry，I dont kno

19、w.A.where does Mr.Li liveB.where did Mr.Li liveC.where Mr.Li livesD.where Mr.Li lived答案：C賓語(yǔ)從句要用陳述語(yǔ)氣，排除A、B兩項(xiàng)。從句意判斷問(wèn)的是“現(xiàn)在住哪兒？”。5)Where do you think _ he _ the computer？Sorry，I have no idea.A.；boughtB.has；boughtC.did；buyD.does；buy答案：Ado you think是插入語(yǔ)，可以把它去掉，分析句意應(yīng)該用應(yīng)用過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)和陳述語(yǔ)序。6)I cant understand _ he l

20、ikes computer games so much.A.thatB.whetherC.whyD.where答案：C句意為“我不理解為什么他那么喜歡電腦游戲”。7)(2010北京中考大綱卷)Do you know _ the MP3 player last week?Sorry，I have no idea.A.how much did she pay forB.how much will she pay forC.how much she paid forD.how much she will pay for答案：C賓語(yǔ)從句要用陳述語(yǔ)序，由此排除A、B兩項(xiàng)，由last week判斷應(yīng)該用過(guò)

21、去時(shí)態(tài)。8)(2010北京中考大綱卷)I dont know _ tomorrow.Can you tell me?A.when we startedB.when did we startC.when we will startD.when will we start答案：C由tomorrow判斷，應(yīng)該用將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)表示。典題精講經(jīng)典例題例1In the bookshop，a reader asked the shop keeper _ Who Moved My Cheese was an interesting book.A.thatB.howC.whatD.if思路解析：注意本句中斜體部分是一

22、本書(shū)的名字誰(shuí)動(dòng)了我的奶酪，本句含義是“一個(gè)讀者問(wèn)書(shū)店管理員這本書(shū)是不是有趣”。所以答案是D項(xiàng)。答案：D黑色陷阱：本題的主要陷阱是書(shū)名Who Moved My Cheese， 它本身含有一個(gè)who,容易給人造成誤解。綠色通道：在英語(yǔ)中，注意書(shū)名一般都是斜體的，且書(shū)名的首字母是大寫(xiě)的，注意把它看成一個(gè)獨(dú)立的完整的東西。例2I was told _ Bill Gates was thirteen he began to play with computers.A.that howB.how thatC.when thatD.that when思路解析：注意后面從句的含義是“比爾·蓋茨十三歲

23、的時(shí)候開(kāi)始玩電腦”，應(yīng)該用when表示“當(dāng)時(shí)”，本句中的that是賓語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞。所以選D項(xiàng)。答案：D黑色陷阱：本句結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜，主要陷阱設(shè)置在when 上，它在本句中起到引導(dǎo)后面的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的作用。綠色通道：做此類(lèi)題，要慢慢理順?biāo)悸?，不要鉆牛角尖，當(dāng)一種含義說(shuō)不通時(shí)，從另一個(gè)角度或另一個(gè)含義考慮。例3(2010江蘇蘇州中考)I wonder _.Zebras.A.what do they call these animals B.how they call these animalsC.what they call these animals D.how do they call these a

24、nimals思路解析：本句含義是“我想知道他們叫這些動(dòng)物什么”，排除B、D兩項(xiàng)。另外賓語(yǔ)從句要用陳述語(yǔ)序。所以選C項(xiàng)。答案：C黑色陷阱：本句容易譯成“他們?cè)鯓臃Q(chēng)呼這些動(dòng)物”而錯(cuò)選how，注意本句中隱含句型call sb. sth.含義是“稱(chēng)呼某人”。綠色通道：解答本類(lèi)題首先分析句意，確定引導(dǎo)詞，然后看好語(yǔ)序和時(shí)態(tài)。例4(2010北京中考)Im different from my twin sister.I love dancing，_ she is interested in reading.A.so B.orC.but D.and思路解析：本句是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，選擇C項(xiàng)。答案：C黑色陷阱：本句陷阱

25、在于選項(xiàng)前后都是肯定句形式，不細(xì)讀題而誤選D項(xiàng)。綠色通道：并列句主要是根據(jù)句意來(lái)判斷前后兩句的邏輯關(guān)系，所以一定要把題讀完再作判斷。例5(2010重慶中考)Work hard，_ you may catch up with your classmates soon.A.orB.butC.andD.yet思路解析：本句是“祈使句and”的句型，句意為“努力學(xué)習(xí)，你會(huì)很快趕上其他同學(xué)的”，and在句中表示承接關(guān)系，所以選C項(xiàng)。答案：C黑色陷阱：本題的陷阱是句型，本句型區(qū)別于“祈使句or”，這個(gè)句型的含義是“，不然的話(huà)/否則”。綠色通道：祈使句后面既可以加and，也可以加or，所以要全面分析句意，再

26、作決定。原創(chuàng)題There are more and bigger tree-planting programs(項(xiàng)目）than any other country in the world.Since 1979，March 12th has been Tree Planting Day in China.Between 1982 and 2004，44 billion trees have been planted on 53.4 million hectares(畝）of land.In 2004，2.5 billion trees were planted in China.There a

27、re many projects(規(guī)劃） to protect environment.Here are some examples. In 2001，Korea offered $6 million for a 5-year project to plant trees，starting with a project to prevent soil erosion（侵蝕）at the Miyun Reservoir in Beijings northern suburbs. In 2001 the Japan Bank for International Co-operation put i

28、n $ 67.5 million for tree planting projects in Jiangxi Province.They plan to plant 219000 hectares with trees by 2009. Nokia started a “Friendship Forestry” project.5000 people across Chinaemployees of Nokia，its partners and customersplanted trees covering 150000 square meters.They plan to continue

29、and extend the project.根據(jù)短文回答問(wèn)題。1.When is the Tree Planting Day?_.2.How much money did Korea offer for a 5-year project to plant trees?_.3.What is the name of Nokias project to plant trees?_.4.How many trees were planted in 2004 in China?_.思路解析：1.March 12th.從“Since 1979，March 12th has been Tree Plan

30、ting Day in China.”中可以看出答案。2.It offered $6 million for the project.由第二段第一句描述可知。3.Friendship Forestry4.In 2004，2.5 billion trees were planted in China.黑色陷阱：本題的陷阱主要是數(shù)字和一些專(zhuān)有名稱(chēng)較多，容易讓人覺(jué)得文章很難。綠色通道：做這種題，可以用“地毯式”搜索的方法，同時(shí)注意答題盡量規(guī)范和完整。巧學(xué)法園地學(xué)習(xí)賓從三注意：時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)序和連詞。時(shí)態(tài)主從要呼應(yīng)：主句若為現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句時(shí)態(tài)隨句意；主句若為過(guò)去時(shí)，從句時(shí)態(tài)變過(guò)去；語(yǔ)序要用陳述序，切莫照搬疑問(wèn)句

31、。that連接陳述句，省與不省沒(méi)關(guān)系。從句若表“是否”時(shí)，if，whether 均可替。特殊問(wèn)句作賓語(yǔ)，仍用原來(lái)疑問(wèn)詞。三個(gè)問(wèn)題須記牢，切莫丟東忘了西。Module 3On the radio語(yǔ)法·剖析·活用動(dòng)詞不定式和動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)在英語(yǔ)中，介詞賓語(yǔ)常用動(dòng)名詞，不用不定式。而動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)，有用動(dòng)名詞，有時(shí)用不定式，用動(dòng)名詞和不定式意義變化不大，有時(shí)意義卻相差甚遠(yuǎn)。有的動(dòng)詞后面只能接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，如：enjoy，mind，miss，finish，practice，suggest，feel like等。I enjoy playing basketball with you.我喜歡和

32、你打籃球。有的動(dòng)詞后面只能接不定式作賓語(yǔ)，如：ask，agree，decide，happen，hope，plan，promise，would like，want等。She promised to return in an hour.她答應(yīng)一小時(shí)后回來(lái)。有的動(dòng)詞后面可以接兩種形式作賓語(yǔ)，表達(dá)的意思有的差別不大，有的差別很大，要根據(jù)具體情況區(qū)別對(duì)待。We should continue learning(to learn).我們應(yīng)當(dāng)繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)。（差別不大）I remember telling him the news.我記得告訴過(guò)他這個(gè)消息了。(已告訴)Please remember to tell

33、 him the news.記得告訴他這個(gè)消息。（未告訴）常見(jiàn)的意義差別較大的詞：1）remember，forget，regret等接動(dòng)名詞表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生，接不定式表示動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生。2）stop doing 表示“停止做某事”，stop to do表示“停止(某事)開(kāi)始做另一件事”。3）try doing 試著做，try to do 設(shè)法、盡力做某事。4）like，hate，prefer等詞后，如果表示一般傾向，多用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)；如指特定的或具體某次行動(dòng)，用不定式時(shí)多?！净顚W(xué)活用】 翻譯句子1）他停止吸煙了。_答案：He stopped smoking.2）我想要去長(zhǎng)城。_答案：I want

34、 to go to the Great Wall.3）我許諾要幫他。_答案：I promised to help him.4）讓我試著讀讀它吧。_答案：Let me try reading it.5）我記得把信都寄出去了。_答案：I remember posting the letters.典題精講經(jīng)典例題假設(shè)你所在的學(xué)校要出一期英語(yǔ)壁報(bào)，你準(zhǔn)備就自己經(jīng)歷的一件事寫(xiě)一篇英語(yǔ)短文向壁報(bào)投稿。下面五幅圖記錄了你上個(gè)星期六與老師和同學(xué)們到南河邊參加植樹(shù)活動(dòng)的全過(guò)程，請(qǐng)你就以下五幅圖寫(xiě)一篇英文短文。注意：1.短文內(nèi)容要包括所有圖畫(huà)中的主要內(nèi)容。2.詞數(shù)：70903.生詞提示：桶bucket；鋤頭hoe

35、參考答案：Last Friday，our teacher told us that we would go to plant trees by the South River the next day.On Saturday morning I got up at six thirty and went to school with a bucket.My classmates were waiting at the school gate with buckets and hoes.When we got to the South River，we began to plant trees

36、on the river bank.On the river bank some students were digging holes，and the others were planting or watering the young trees.After we finished our work，we were happy to see the young trees we planted on the river bank.思路解析：看圖要首先確定內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)：上星期五老師告訴我們“明天去南河邊植樹(shù)”；上星期六（第二天）早上六點(diǎn)半我就起床了；我?guī)е叭W(xué)校，同學(xué)們帶著桶、鋤頭在校門(mén)口等待

37、；到南河邊，我們開(kāi)始植樹(shù)（也可描寫(xiě)勞動(dòng)場(chǎng)面）；看著新種下的樹(shù)，我們都很高興。黑色陷阱：注意本文讓描述經(jīng)歷過(guò)的一件事，所以要用過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)來(lái)陳述整個(gè)事件。綠色通道：做看圖作文，注意一定要分析好題意，不要跑題，然后確定時(shí)態(tài)，最后再落筆成文。注意書(shū)寫(xiě)過(guò)程中要力求規(guī)范，不要涂抹。原創(chuàng)題閱讀理解The first newspaper in the USA came out in 1690，and was made in Boston and called Public Occurrences Both Foreign and Domestic.It was stopped after a short tim

38、e.The first lasting newspaper also came from Boston，and was called simply Boston Newsletter.It was published(出版）from 1704 to 1722.The first real newspaper was the New England Courant which started in 1721.By 1783 there were 43 newspapers in the USA and by 1801，about 200.In 1835，James Gordon Bennet s

39、tarted The New York Herald which was Americas first modern newspaper.This was followed six years later by Horace Greeleys New York Tribune, which was the first American newspaper with national influence rather than just local.The New Times followed in 1851.1.Whats the name of Americas first modern n

40、ewspaper?A.Boston Newsletter.B.The New Times.C.The New York Herald.D.Public Occurrences Both Foreign and Domestic.2.When was the first real newspaper start?A.1690.B.1835.C.1721.D.1851.3.Which newspaper has national influence rather than just local?A.Boston Newsletter.B.New York Tribune.C.The New Yor

41、k Herald.D. Public Occurrences Both Foreign and Domestic.4.When was New York Tribune published?A.1783.B.1801.C.1835.D.1841.5.How many newspapers were there by 1801?A.43.B.200.C.6.D.18.思路解析：1.C由第二段第一句話(huà)可以看出答案是The New York Herald。2.C從“The first real newspaper was the New England Courant which started i

42、n 1721”可以看出第一份真正意義上的報(bào)紙出版于1721。3.B從倒數(shù)第二句可以看出在全國(guó)有影響的是New York Tribune。4.D從文中可以看出New York Tribune在The New York Herald出版六年后出版的，所以應(yīng)該是1835 年加上六年，答案是D。5.B從第一段末句“By 1783 there were 43 newspapers in the USA and by 1801，about 200.”可以看出，在美國(guó)到1783年只有43種報(bào)紙，到1801 年，大約有200 種了。黑色陷阱：本題陷阱有兩個(gè)，一是第4題，問(wèn)New York Tribune出版的

43、時(shí)間，要計(jì)算才能得出結(jié)果；二是第5題，要真正讀懂句意，才能得出答案。綠色通道：做閱讀理解時(shí)，故事性的要通讀全文，找出主旨。說(shuō)明性的則可以用跳讀的方法，查找有用信息，為己所用。巧學(xué)法園地巧記跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞英語(yǔ)中有一些動(dòng)詞后面常跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，初中階段常見(jiàn)的有：finish,enjoy,mind,miss,be worth,practice等。這些詞句可按下面的順口溜記憶：完成實(shí)踐值得忙（finish,practice,be worth,be busy）繼續(xù)習(xí)慣別放棄（keep on,be used to,give up）考慮建議不禁想（consider,suggest,cant help,

44、feel like)喜歡思念要介意（enjoy,miss,mind）舉例：Would you mind opening the door?你介意把門(mén)打開(kāi)嗎？When we heard news,we couldnt help laughing.當(dāng)我們聽(tīng)到這個(gè)消息時(shí)，忍不住大笑起來(lái)。Module 4New technology語(yǔ)法·剖析·活用If 從句（1）在英語(yǔ)中，表達(dá)“如果”要用if 引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句。首先看一下它的結(jié)構(gòu)：“if 從句祈使句”或“祈使句if 從句”。if引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)完整的句子，一定要有主語(yǔ)。如：If you need help，please call m

45、e.如果你需要幫助，請(qǐng)給我打電話(huà)。We will go out for a picnic if it is sunny tomorrow.如果明天陽(yáng)光明媚，我們就外出野餐?！净顚W(xué)活用】 用if連接下面的句子1）She didnt know the way to the station.Ask someone around.答案：If she didnt know the way to the station，ask someone around.2）You are hungry.Go to the KFC.答案：If you are hungry，go to the KFC.3）You don

46、t understand the article.Ask your teacher.答案：If you dont understand the article，ask your teacher.4）You dont know the word.Look it up in the dictionary.答案：If you dont know the word，look it up in the dictionary.5）We get lost.Ask the policeman for help.答案：If we get lost，ask the policeman for help.典題精講經(jīng)

47、典例題(2010遼寧十一市中考)Do you believe there are aliens(外星人)? Well，make a phone call and you will know.A group of Americans can help.They made a device(裝置）to “talk” to aliens.If you want to talk to an alien，you only need to visit，call 1-900-226-0300 and say:“Hello aliens，this is Earth calling.Can you hear m

48、e?” you can say anything you want.But now，they only take phone calls from people in the US.The call is $3.99 every minute.After the hotline began in February，www.TalkToA has got hundreds of calls.There is one call every three minutes.They are also trying to send peoples e-mails，photos and videos int

49、o space.1.If you live in America and you want to know whether there are any aliens，_.A.you can make a phone call B.you can go to America for helpC.you can ask any scientist for help D.you can talk to aliens2.www.TalkToA is a place where _.A.you can get some knowledge about aliens B.you can talk to a

50、liensC.the aliens live D.you can make a set of device to talk to aliens3.Which is NOT right?A.Only from the USA can call 1-900-226-0300. B.People from any country can call 1-900-226-0300 now.C.If you call the hotline for two minutes，you should pay $7.98.D.Every three minutes there is someone calling

51、 1-900-226-0300.4.From this article(文章）we know _.A.there is only one call after the hotline began in February B.there are some aliens in the worldC.some Americans are trying to send information about humans into spaceD.if you pay $2.99 for a minute，you can talk to aliens思路解析：1.A文章第一句話(huà)以自問(wèn)自答的方式，告訴了我們?nèi)?/p>

52、果想要知道有沒(méi)有外星人的辦法打電話(huà)。2.B從“If you want to talk to an alien，you only need to visit www.TalkToA”中可以看出，這是一個(gè)可以和外星人講話(huà)的地方。3.B從“But now，they only take phone calls from people in the US.”可以看出，不是任何國(guó)家的人都可以打這個(gè)電話(huà)。4.C文章的最后一句話(huà)，告訴了我們科學(xué)家正盡力把郵件、照片和錄像等送入太空。黑色陷阱：第2題中的網(wǎng)址并非我們習(xí)慣上的理解查找信息或是資料，而是一個(gè)可以與外星人講話(huà)的地方。第3題要注意是選擇不對(duì)的答案，要審好

53、題。綠色通道：這種科普類(lèi)的文章，相對(duì)來(lái)說(shuō)比較難懂，所以并不需要每句都理解，只要通過(guò)跳讀的方式找出有用信息，可以帶著問(wèn)題去讀文章，例如最后一題，也可以采用排除法把絕對(duì)不對(duì)的答案排除掉，縮小信息范圍。原創(chuàng)題短文改錯(cuò)：(每行有一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤)It is important working at your computer correctly.1._You should sit in the front of the computer for too long.2._Make sure you take a rest for your eyes or your body.3._You shouldnt sit bad，either.Make sure that4._your chair，desk and computer is in the correct place.5._Dont hurt you hands-you shoul