牛津高一必修一知識點(diǎn)

1、 Language points()1. Going to a British high school for one year was a very enjoyable and exciting experience for me.(1)句中g(shù)oing to a British high school for one year為動名詞短語，在句中作主語。動詞­ing形式作主語時，常表示經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動作，謂語動詞用單數(shù)；有時用it作為形式主語，把動名詞（真實(shí)的主語）置于句尾作后置主語，多見于某些adj. / n. 之后。常用動名詞作主語的句型： It is a waste of

2、time/ money doing 做是浪費(fèi)時間/金錢的 It is no use/ no good doing 做是沒用/ 沒有好處的類似的還有：better, wonderful, enjoyable, interesting, foolish, difficult等。Doing morning exercises is good for your health.It's no use talking to Bill because he will never change his mind.1. (climb)mountains is interesting.2. It'

3、s a waste of time (advise)such a person to join us.(2) experience v. 體驗(yàn)，經(jīng)歷 n. 經(jīng)歷（C）； 經(jīng)驗(yàn)（U） adj. experienced 有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的，經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富的 have experienced in/ of (doing sth.) 在方面有經(jīng)驗(yàn)= be experienced in (doing sth.) get/ gain experience 獲得經(jīng)驗(yàn) lack of experience 缺乏經(jīng)驗(yàn)e.g. I am an outgoing girl who has rich experience in or

4、ganizing school activities.1. Young as she is，she is an (experience)employee.He had many interesting (experience)while traveling in Africa.«這位有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的登山運(yùn)動員經(jīng)歷了許多冒險，從他自己的冒險經(jīng)歷中他收獲了許多經(jīng)驗(yàn)。The mountain climber a lot of adventures, and he gained much from his own adventurous .2. This means I could get up a

5、n hour later than usual. (1)mean mean+從句 意味著 過去式meant be meant for mean doing sth. 意味著做某事 mean to do sth. 打算做某事，本想要做某事 【拓展】stop to do和stop doing sth. 有類似用法的動詞還有：continue、regret、try、forget (2)as usual 和平常一樣 【辨析】common、ordinary、usual和normal ordinary“平常的，普通的，不特殊的”強(qiáng)調(diào)平常，在一個群體中看不出區(qū)別 反specialan ordinary da

6、ys work 日常工作 ordinary people/ family/ clothes/ meal common “常見的，共同的，庸俗的” 反 rare/ uncommon common sense Colds are common in winter. 感冒在冬天很常見。 normal “正常的，正規(guī)的；常態(tài)的” 反abnormal normal behavior the normal temperature of the human body 人的正常體溫 usual “通常的；慣常的；平常的” usual practice 慣例 反unusual 【練習(xí)】Letterboxes a

7、re much more in the UK than in the US, where most people have a mailbox instead. A. common B. normal C. ordinary D. usual3. On the first day, all of the new students attended an assembly in the school hall. attend vt. 出席，參加；照料 vi. 致力于 n. attendance 出席；到場；出席人數(shù) attend school/ a lecture/ a meeting/ one

8、s wedding attend (on) sb. 照料某人 【辨析】join， join in， take part in，participate和attend join 指加入某個黨派、團(tuán)體組織等，成為其成員之一 “參軍、入團(tuán)、入黨” When did your brother join the army? 和某人一道做某事 join sb. in (doing) sth. 根據(jù)上下文， in (doing) sth. 可以省去 Will you join us in the discussion? Hell join us in singing the song. join in 多指參

9、加小規(guī)模的活動如“球賽、游戲”等，常用于日?？谡Z。 Why didnt you join in the talk last night? Come along, and join in the ball game. take part in 指參加會議或群眾性活動等，著重說明句子主語參加該項(xiàng)活動并在活動中發(fā)揮積極作用 Well take part in social practice during the summer vacation. take part in前一般不用冠詞，但part前面有adj.修飾時，要用不定冠詞。 Lincoln took an active part in pol

10、ities and was strongly against slavery. attend 是正式用語 及物動詞 指參加會議、婚禮、葬禮、典禮；去上課/上學(xué)/聽報告等。 句子的主語只是去聽、去看，自己不一定起積極作用。 participate 正式用詞 特指參加團(tuán)體活動，暗示以一個積極的角色參加Thank you all for coming and our camp. I shall be the meeting. A. attend B. join C. participate D. take part in4. He also told us that the best way to

11、earn respect was to devote ourselves to study and achieve high grades. (1) earn vt.獲得；賺，掙得 earn sb. sth. 某人得到（名聲reputation、地位等） e.g. Her remark earned a laugh from her husband. At last，he earned the students' respect.earn sth. a place 贏得一席之地make/ earn ones living 自食其力 by/ as 靠謀生 e.g. He makes hi

12、s living by selling vegetables.【辨析】win、earn、gainwin 指在競爭、戰(zhàn)爭、比賽中通過努力獲勝，并可能由此得到獎賞earn 指為錢/其他報酬而工作，含有“報酬是應(yīng)得的”含義gain 指獲得有用的/需要的東西，常用于與錢沒關(guān)系的場合He wanted to take part in a competition, but he had no money. Fortunately, he a lot of money by working for the newspaper and much experience. At last he the compe

13、tition and realized his dream. (2) respect n.&v. 尊敬，敬重U n. 方面C have/ show respect for 對表示尊重 He is greatly respected for his kindness. win/ earn/ gain the respect of sb. 贏得的尊敬 respect sb. for 因?yàn)闉樽鹁茨橙?respect sb. as 尊敬某人為 We respect him as a great leader. in respect of = with respect to 關(guān)于；就來說In r

14、espect of age，I am his senior. 論年紀(jì)，我比他大。 (3)devote vt.致力于；獻(xiàn)身à adj. devoted 摯愛的；忠誠的àn. devotion 摯愛；獻(xiàn)身；奉獻(xiàn) devote oneself to doing獻(xiàn)身于；致力于 Few people are able to devote themselves fully to their careers. I'm devoting all my time and energy to educating(educate) children. devote time/ atten

15、tion/ money/ energyto為某事付出（時間/注意力/金錢/精力等） be devoted to (doing) sth. 表專注于的其他短語：apply oneself to; be adsorbed in; bury oneself in/ be buried in; be involved in; occupy oneself in doing/ with sth.; focus on; concentrate on; fix ones attention on【注意】短語devote.to.中，to為介詞，所以后面跟名詞、動名詞形式，類似短語還有object to，pay

16、 attention to，get down to，lead to，look forward to，stick to，be used to等。 Some of them were (devote)to the study of natural science.5. This is about the average size for British schools.average n平均數(shù) adj.平均的；一般的 vt.計算出的平均數(shù)the average of 的平均數(shù) on (the) average 平均，一般地說above/ below average 高于/低于平均水平Could y

17、ou average 3，4 and 8?你能算出3、4和8的平均數(shù)嗎？We fail one student per year on average.我們平均每年有一個學(xué)生不及格。6. We also had different students in some classes，so it was a struggle for me to remember all the faces and names.(1)struggle n難事；斗爭；努力 vi.奮斗，努力；掙扎struggle with/ against 與作斗爭；和搏斗Man has been struggling with/ag

18、ainst nature.struggle for 為而斗爭/奮斗 struggle to do sth. 艱難地做某事，掙扎著做某事；努力做struggle to ones feet 掙扎著站起來 We Chinese are struggling together (build)a harmonious society.Workers are struggling a clean canteen and healthy food.(2) It is/ was+ adj. + for sb.+ to do sth. 在英語表達(dá)中，為了保持句子的平衡或結(jié)構(gòu)的需要，常用it作形式主語，而真正的主

19、語（不定式）放在句后。句中to remember all the faces and names是真正主語，it形主。e.g. It was an enjoyable experience for him to attend the Rio Olympic Games.It is a pity to give up the job.It is important for us (have)breakfast every day. It is kind you to invite me to the party.7. I felt lucky，as all my teachers gave me

20、 much encouragement.encouragement n鼓勵 vt. encourage 鼓勵；鼓舞encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓勵某人做某事A good public transport will encourage people (leave)their cars at home.8. Cooking was really fun as I learnt how to buy, prepare and cook food. (1) Prepare v. 準(zhǔn)備，為做準(zhǔn)備 n. preparation 準(zhǔn)備；籌備 prepare sth. （sth. 必須是

21、“準(zhǔn)備”的直接承受者） prepare (sb.) for 為做好準(zhǔn)備 （for表準(zhǔn)備的目的，強(qiáng)調(diào)動作） be prepared for 為做好準(zhǔn)備 （表有所準(zhǔn)備，強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)） make preparation for sth./ to do sth. 為做準(zhǔn)備 (2) 句中的fun視為adj. funny 有趣的?！耙蓡栐~+to do”作learn的賓語9. I look back on my time in the UK with satisfaction，and I really hope to go back and study in Manchester again.(1) look

22、back on回憶，回顧 (2) satisfaction n滿意 v. satisfy 使?jié)M意（過去分詞satisfied） satisfactory adj. 滿意的；符合要求的 With (great) satisfaction 感到（很）滿意 He is looking at the picture on the wall with satisfaction. to sb.s satisfaction= to the satisfaction of sb. 令某人滿意的是 To his satisfaction，he found a job in the big company. sa

23、tisfy ones needs 滿足某人的需求 be satisfied with 滿足某人的需求 The boss was satisfied with the new plan.10. I did not realize schools in the UK are so different from schools in China until I read your article.not.until.表示“直到才”，until引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，not否定的是主句的謂語。(1)not.until.“直到才”，表示直到某一時間，某一行為才發(fā)生，之前該行為并沒有發(fā)生。用在否定句中，主句中的

24、謂語動詞是短暫性動詞。(2)not until還可以用于倒裝句和強(qiáng)調(diào)句中：倒裝句結(jié)構(gòu)：Not until狀語(副詞、介詞短語、從句)部分倒裝；強(qiáng)調(diào)句結(jié)構(gòu)：It is/wasnot until.that.Book reports weren't written until the final threat.He didn't go to bed last night until his mother came back.Not until he saw his father lying in bed，dying，did he realize how much he loved h

25、im.11. Next year，I plan on attending a high school in China on a student exchange programme，and I found your article a great encouragement to me.exchange n&vt.交換；交流 in exchange (for) 作為交換；交流Would you like my old TV in exchange for this camera? make an change 交換 He brought the black jacket to mak

26、e an exchange for a blue one. exchange A for B 把A換成B He found a bank to exchange his dollars for pounds. exchange sth. with sb. May I exchange my seat with you?.語境填詞根據(jù)語境在空白處填入一個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式1Now they are seeking for an (experience)scientist to fill the post.2I sang in a club (earn)my daily bread

27、when I was young.3He struggled (succeed)in his business.4You should show greater respect your elders.5As a matter of fact he isn't really satisfied the hotel service.6I'd like to find a job which is more (challenge)7He (devote)to playing piano at one time.8Your coming to help us was a great

28、(encourage)9It is no use (talk)to him，because he never listens.10It was very foolish the boy to swim in the river alone.單句改錯(每句一處錯誤)1It was satisfied that the girl helped her mother clean up the kitchen. 2When I said I was a good swimmer，she challenged to me to a race.3 Mr.Johnson has to work very h

29、ard to earn living.5Her life was devoted to care for the sick and needy.6A language exchange is a great way to learn a language with free.完成句子1在太空行走對他來說是一次愉快而興奮的經(jīng)歷。Walking in space was an enjoyable and exciting experience for him.2直到五年級我才成為一個熱衷于攀爬的人。I didn't become a serious climber until the fi

30、fth grade.3保持健康最好的方法就是經(jīng)常鍛煉和合理飲食。The best way to keep healthy is to take regular exercise and eat properly.4沒有你的幫助，我做好那項(xiàng)工作不容易。It was not easy for me to do the job well without your help.5生活在大城市不如生活在小城鎮(zhèn)省錢。Living in big cities is not as cheap as living in small towns.12. Whether students want to exerci

31、se or just want some fun，they can use our gym.句中whether.or.“不管還是”，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，強(qiáng)調(diào)任意選擇，此時不能把whether換成if。whether.or.用法歸納：(1)作“不管還是”解，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，用于表示在從句所提供的兩種選擇之下，主句所表示的結(jié)果都一樣(2)作“是還是”解，引導(dǎo)主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句、同位語從句，用于提供兩種選擇。(3)連接平行結(jié)構(gòu)名詞、代詞、非謂語動詞、介賓短語或句子，用于提供兩種選擇。Whether I do the dishes or you do them，they still need

32、 to be cleaned.It has nothing to do with me whether you will leave or stay.Whether it rains or not，we are playing football on Saturday.13. After graduating from university, he went to China to study Chinese at Beijing Language and Culture University.graduate vi.畢業(yè) n畢業(yè)生 n. graduation 畢業(yè) graduate from

33、 畢業(yè)于學(xué)校 graduate in 畢業(yè)于專業(yè) after graduation 畢業(yè)后We have some university graduates in our factory.He'll graduate from college with a degree in law next year.What are you going to do after graduation(graduate)?14. Upon finishing his studies，he started travelling in China.upon finishing相當(dāng)于as soon as h

34、e finished，在句中作狀語，upon也可替換為on。(1)on或upon后也可接名詞，意義和on/upon doing一樣都表示“一就”。(2)表示“一就”的其他詞語或結(jié)構(gòu)：immediately，directly；the instant/moment/minute；no sooner.than，hardly/scarcely.when.。Upon seeing her child take his first step，she was joyful.Upon his return to his hometown，he went to work in the fields.Upon a

35、rriving(arrive)we checked in at the hotel.She burst into laughter the instant she read the letter from her sister.15. He donated most of them to our school library.donate v捐獻(xiàn)，捐贈 n. donation 捐贈，捐獻(xiàn) n. donator 捐贈者donate sth. to 把某物捐贈給make a donation/ donations (of sth. to sb.) 捐贈（某物給某人）e.g. Our school

36、will donate 500 copies of different valuable books to your class.She made a donation of $ 5，000 to the Children's Hospital.The businessman donated a lot of money to the hospital.16. The rest of the time which they spend at school is used for independent study.independent adj.獨(dú)立的 n. independence

37、獨(dú)立 be independent of 不依賴于，獨(dú)立于 depend on be dependent on 依靠；依賴；取決于He is old enough to be independent of his parents.At the age of twelve，I began to live a life of independence(independent)Whether we can go for a picnic depends on the weather.17. With so much free time，students who do not make good us

38、e of their time may not pass their exams.make use of利用；使用 make full/ good use of 充分/好好利用 make no/ little use of 沒有利用 come into use 開始使用 bring/ put to use 對加以使用 its no use doing 做沒用We should make full use of time to study.When did telephone first come into use?It's no use (cry)over spilt milk.18.

39、 However，somehow I can't remember the title.somehow adv.不知為什么；不知怎么地；以某種方式，用某種方法anyhow adv. =anyway 無論如何somewhat adv. 稍微，有點(diǎn)Let's forget about that for the moment anyhow.無論如何，讓我們暫時忘了那件事。Somehow he made the same mistake again.不知怎么地，他又犯了同樣的錯誤。The cake we made was somewhat of a failure.我們做的蛋糕不大成功

40、。19. We regret to inform you that our library will be closed next Wednesday，Thursday and Friday for the sports rm vt.通知，告知 inform sb. of/ about sth. 通知某人某事（inform不可直接帶雙賓語） inform sb. that/ how/ when. Etc 通知/告知sb. keep sb. informed (of) 隨時向sb.報告/ 使某人被通知 n information 信息，情報，資料U a piece of

41、information 一則消息He informed me that he would be on a business trip the next week.Please inform me of your arrival time beforehand.Please keep me (inform)when you change your phone number.語境填詞根據(jù)語境在空白處填入一個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式1At the news，many people all over the world donated their money the quake­hi

42、t areas.2After graduating a university，he became a teacher.3Upon (arrive)at the airport，he was arrested by the police.4The government had handed out all the (donate)food and clothes to the victims.5Tom aimed to his parents by the time he was twenty.6If better use (make)of your spare time，you'll

43、make great progress in your study.7It's known to us all that the (deep)you dive，the more difficult you can breathe.8Thank you for keeping me (inform)of everything that's happening.完成句子1他們正在談?wù)撘恍┪腋静恢赖淖骷液妥髌?。They are talking about some writers and works that are unknown to me at all2他是我認(rèn)識的最勤奮的

44、學(xué)生。He is the most diligent student (that)I have known3確保在做實(shí)驗(yàn)之前你已經(jīng)懂了原理。Make sure that you have understood the theory before you do the experiment.4我們是出去還是待在寢室取決于天氣。Whether we will go out or stay in the dorm depends on the weather.5一下飛機(jī)，他就被守候的警察逮捕了。Upon/On getting off the plan e，he got arrested by the

45、 waiting police.20. It is great because it is run by the students for the school.run vt.管理，經(jīng)營；操作；組織run after 追趕 run away (from) 逃跑，走掉；躲避；逃離run out 被用完，被耗盡（主語為物） run out of 用完，耗盡（主語為人）in the long run 從長遠(yuǎn)角度看They have all learned to run modern farm machines.She is always running out of money before pay

46、day.21. He approved the idea，and two years later I am in charge of the radio club as the oldest student member.(1)approve vi.&vt.批準(zhǔn)，通過；贊成，同意 vt. approve sth. 批準(zhǔn)/通過某事 vi. approve of sb. sth. / doing sth. 贊成某人做某事 n. give approval to sth. 同意，批準(zhǔn)Her father will never approve of her marriage to you.Th

47、e plan will be submitted to the committee for official approval(approve)(2)charge n負(fù)責(zé)，掌管；收費(fèi) vt.使承擔(dān)責(zé)任；收費(fèi)；控告 be in charge of/ take charge of 負(fù)責(zé)，掌管表主動，主語由人充當(dāng) under/ in the charge of 由負(fù)責(zé)，被掌控表被動，主語由物充當(dāng) charge sb. money for sth. 因sth.向sb.收費(fèi) free of charge 免費(fèi) charge sb. with sth. 指控/控告sb.Reading in a libra

48、ry is usually free of charge.He was in charge of the shop while the manager was away.The hotel charged me $ 100 for a room for the night.He was charged with purposely creating difficulties.22. event n(重要)事件；社交活動；比賽項(xiàng)目The conference was an important social event.The 800 meters is the fourth event of t

49、he afternoon.23. In the club meetings，we first select poems that we love，and then read them aloud. select vt. 選擇，挑選select sb. as 選拔sb.作為/ 擔(dān)任select sb. to do sth. 選中某人做某事select sth. for 為挑選禮物We select him as our football coach.I selected a toy train for my son as his Christmas present. 【辨析】select、cho

50、ose、pick、pick outselect 指從同類的許多東西中仔細(xì)辨別后選擇，挑選最合適的，從而淘汰一部分。 We selected some for seeds.choose 用法最廣 側(cè)重于在所給的對象中通過意志或判斷進(jìn)行選擇 You can choose a book from these.pick “挑選，挑揀” 是仔細(xì)挑剔和苛刻地選擇，多指挑選有形的東西。 Will you help me pick strawberries? Pick and choose 挑三揀四pick sb./ sth. out 挑選出某人/某物 分辨出某人/某物 She was picked out

51、from thousands of applicants for the job. It was just possible to pick out the hut(小舍) on the side of the mountain.1. Finally he the job that we offered.2. Why didnt you a better subject for your composition?24. I was a little nervous at first，but everyone was so nice and friendly that I soon stoppe

52、d worrying.該句是一個并列復(fù)合句，并列連詞but連接兩個分句；而第二個分句又是一個主從復(fù)合句，so.that.表示“如此以至于”，引導(dǎo)一個結(jié)果狀語從句。(1)在so.that.句型中，so后接形容詞或副詞：soadj.a/ann.(C)that.so many/few/much/little(表示數(shù)量)n.(C/U)that.(2)在such.that.句型中，such后接可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞：such+a/ an+adj.+n(C)+that such+adj.+n.(U/pL)+thatThe magazine was so boring that I gave up readi

53、ng it halfway through.He earned so little money that it was hard for him to support his family.He has made such great progress that we all admire him.25. You should also come up with your own ideas. Come up with 想出；提出相關(guān)短語：come up 出現(xiàn)；升起；過來；被提出 come across （偶然）遇見，碰見 come about 產(chǎn)生，發(fā)生 come out 出版；出現(xiàn)；開花I came across children sleeping under bridges.They didn't know how the change had come aboutYou