選修八unit1知識(shí)點(diǎn)

1、選修八Unit 1 A land of diversity單元要點(diǎn)預(yù)覽（旨在讓同學(xué)整體了解本單元要點(diǎn)）詞 匯 部 分詞語(yǔ) 辨析1. means / way / method2. perce nt / perce ntage3. obvious / appare nt/ evide nt / clear4. hire / employ / rent詞形變化1. elect vt.選舉，推舉；選 擇vi.進(jìn)行選舉，作出選擇electio n n.選舉，推舉，當(dāng)選elective adj.可 任意選 擇的n.選修科目2. immigrate vi. 移入immigrati on n.移民入 境imm

2、igrant n.移民，僑民3. race n.賽跑；競(jìng)爭(zhēng)；人種V.參賽racial adj.人種的，種 族的racism n.種族歧視，種 族偏見；種族主義4. appare nt adj.顯然的，明白的，表面上的apparently adv.顯然， 表面上地5. punishment n.罰，刑罰punish vt.懲罰，處罰重點(diǎn) 單詞1. majority n.大多數(shù)；大半2. applicant n.申請(qǐng)人3. occur vi.發(fā)生；出現(xiàn)；存在4. indicate vt.指出；標(biāo)示；表明5. slip vi.滑動(dòng)；滑行；滑跤n.滑倒；小過(guò)失；失誤6. insert vt.插入，嵌入

3、重點(diǎn) 詞組1. live on繼續(xù)生活或存在2. make a life習(xí)慣于新的生活方式、工作等3. keep up堅(jiān)持；維持；沿襲古老的風(fēng)俗、傳統(tǒng)等；使某人不能去睡覺(jué)4. team up with （與某人）一起工作（尤指為一共同目標(biāo)）；合作5. mark out劃線標(biāo)出界線6. take in包括；吸收；接納；欺騙7. a great/good many 相當(dāng)多，彳艮多重點(diǎn)句子1. Califor nia is the third largest state in the USA but has the largest populati on.2. Exactly when the fi

4、rst people arrived in what we now know as California, no one really kno ws.重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法名詞性從句（見語(yǔ)法部分）語(yǔ)言要點(diǎn)（模塊）I.詞語(yǔ)辨析（旨在提供完形填空所需材料 ）1. means / way / method【解釋】means方法、方式、工具”，著重于具體的手段。（單復(fù)數(shù)相同）way 一般的方法、方式或個(gè)人的特殊方法方式”，與技巧或效果的好壞無(wú)關(guān)。method有系統(tǒng)的、有效率的精心擬定的方法”，也可以指抽象概念條理”。短語(yǔ)搭配：做 的方法：a way to do sth./ a way of doing sth. /

5、 a method of doing sth.；用這種/些方法：in this way / with the method / by this means;用方法，借助 :bymeans of.無(wú)論如何：by all means;點(diǎn)也不，決不（用于句首句子需倒裝 ）:by no means;by the way 順便問(wèn)一下； on one ' s way t在去的路上；in the way 擋住路【練習(xí)】用 means, way, method填空。1) . These vegetables can be cooked in differe nt.2) . Only in thisca

6、n you find out the truth.3) . By thisI get in touch with him.4) . We express our thoughts byof words.5) .shall I lend him mon ey!6) . The methods of(teach) n eed(improve).Keys: 1). ways 2). way 3). means 4). means 5). By no means6). teach ing; improvi ng / to be improved2. perce nt / perce ntage【解釋】

7、percent表示百分之”相當(dāng)于 ”其前面往往是一個(gè)具體的數(shù)字。percentage 表示 百分比；百分率 ”前面不能是具體數(shù)字，只能被high , low 等修飾?！揪毩?xí)】 用 percent，percentage填空。1) . I am a hun dredin agreeme nt with you.2) . This compa ny only supply 30of what we n eed.3) . The nu mbers are small, interms, but sig ni fica nt.4) . There used to be a highof babies t

8、hat diet scarlet fever every year.Keys: 1). perce nt2). perce nt 3). perce ntage4). perce ntage what perce ntage3. obvious / appare nt/ evide nt / clear【解釋】obvious意為 某東西具有顯著特點(diǎn)，不需費(fèi)力就可覺(jué)察到，常用于一目了然的事物”apparent意為表面看起來(lái)很明顯，而實(shí)際情況未必如此”evident意為有證據(jù)作出合理判斷，考慮到各種事實(shí)、條件后而顯得明顯”。clear意為不存在使人迷惑或使問(wèn)題復(fù)雜化的因素”【練習(xí)】用 obviou

9、s， apparent，evident， clear 填空。1) . It was anmistake for him to have gone alone.2) . The situatio n isto every one.3) . It was beco ming in creas in glythat he disliked me.4) . The applause made itthat the play was a hit.Keys: 1). obvious 2). clear 3). appare nt4). evide nt4. hire / employ / rent【解釋】

10、hire是日常用語(yǔ)，指按工作量或時(shí)間雇用人或租借東西，有花錢使用某物”和 把某物使用權(quán)出讓給別人以收取費(fèi)用"之意；多指臨時(shí)租用某物。女如： hire a boat, a car, a camera,a bicycle，an evening dress, a hall for a meeting 等，指人時(shí)，有 雇用” 受雇"兩種含 義。employ較正式，多指商店或公司長(zhǎng)期雇用人手；受雇人員較廣，甚至包括社會(huì)地位較高 的職業(yè)人員，有 聘請(qǐng)"之義；也可以解釋為忙于，從事"常用于be employed in sth. /doing sth.短語(yǔ)中。注：要弄清

11、 employ幾個(gè)名詞的用法：employee (雇工，雇員)，employer (戶主，東家)，employment (就業(yè)，雇用 )。rent 般指租借房屋、地產(chǎn)(租借出去)；也有花錢使用某物”和把某物使用權(quán)出讓給別人 以收取費(fèi)用"之意；多指用于長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的場(chǎng)合。如：rent a house，a flat， a TV等。rent還可作名詞，意為 租金； 租費(fèi) ”【練習(xí)】用hire， employ， rent填空。1) . Our house has bee n by a n ewly-married couple.2) . Its rtapOtoproper words in wri

12、t ing poem.3) . Theyin writi ng whe n I came.4) . Theyout boats by the hour.5) . Wea driver to take us on a tour of the city.Keys: 1). ren ted 2). employ 3). were employed 4). hire 5). hired n .詞性變化(旨在提供語(yǔ)法填空所需材料)1. elect vt.選舉，推舉；選 擇vi.進(jìn)行選舉，作出選擇electio n n.選舉，推舉，當(dāng)選elective adj.可任意選擇的 n. 選修科目2. immig

13、rate vi. 移入immigration n.移民入境immigrant n.移民，僑民3. race n賽跑；競(jìng)爭(zhēng)；人種v.參賽racial adj.人種的，種族的racism n.種族歧視，種族偏見；種族主義4. apparent adj.顯然的，明 白的，表面上的appare ntly adv.顯然，表面上 地5. punishment n. 罰，刑罰punish vt.懲罰，處罰【練習(xí)】用括號(hào)內(nèi)所提供詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1) . I n America, preside ntial(elect) are held every four years.2) . They deserve

14、to(puni sh) for putt ing passe ngers at risk.3) . She had to tidy the classroom as(puni sh) for being late.4) . She was the daughter of Chin ese(immigrate) to America.5) . There was a sudde n in crease(immigrate) in from Eastern Europe.6) . He is a victim of(race) discrim in ati on.7) . She turned t

15、o face him, her an ger(appare nt) gone.8) . Their motives, as will soon become(appare ntly), are completely selfish.Keys: 1). elect ions2). be puni shed3). puni shme nt4). immigra nts5). immigratio n 6). racial7). appare ntly8). appare nt川.重點(diǎn)詞匯(旨在提供詞匯綜合運(yùn)用所需材料)1. majority n.大多數(shù)；大半 major adj.&n.較大

16、的，主要的；主修，專攻(反義詞minority少數(shù)；少數(shù)民族)典例1) . A / The majority of doctors agree that smoking is extremely harmful to health.大多數(shù)醫(yī)生認(rèn)為吸煙對(duì)健康極為有害。2) . The majority was/were in favour of the proposal.多數(shù)人贊成這個(gè)建議。重點(diǎn)用法be in the/a majority 構(gòu)成大部分/大多數(shù) a majority over sb超過(guò)對(duì)方的票數(shù)2. applicant n.申請(qǐng)人 application n.申請(qǐng)(書)；應(yīng)用；用途

17、 apply v.申請(qǐng)；運(yùn)用，適用典例1) . We had 250 即plicants for the job.有 250 人申請(qǐng)這份工作。2) . As the wages were low, there were few applicants for the job.因?yàn)楣べY低 ,沒(méi)有什麼人申請(qǐng)這份工作。重點(diǎn)用法apply for. 申請(qǐng)apply to. 適用fill in the applicati on form for sth. 填寫申請(qǐng)表練習(xí)根據(jù)句子的要求在括號(hào)里填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~或翻譯。1) . Successful(apply) will receive no tificatio

18、 n within the week.2) . This rule can ' t be applied(介詞)every case.3) . You should(申請(qǐng))the job immediately, in person or by letter.4) . The question in the second half of the form( 適用)married men only.Keys: 1). applica nts 2). to 3). apply for 4). apply to3. occur vi.發(fā)生；出現(xiàn)；存在典例1) . The tragedy oc

19、curred only mi nu tes after take-off. 這一悲劇在起飛后幾分鐘內(nèi)就發(fā)生了。2) . Did n' t it occur to you that he might be late你當(dāng)時(shí)沒(méi)有想到他可能會(huì)遲到嗎？重點(diǎn)用法occur to.(主意)浮現(xiàn)于腦海中；被想到；被想起；(某人)想到 4. indicate vt.指出；標(biāo)示；表明indication n.指出；表明indicative adj.指示的；暗示的典例1) . I asked him where my sister was and he in dicated the shop opposit

20、e.我問(wèn)他握姐姐在哪，他指指對(duì)面的商店。2) . Research in dicates that men find it easier to give up smok ing tha n wome n.研究表明男人感到比女人更容易戒煙。重點(diǎn)用法indicate sth (to sb) 指示； 指出； 標(biāo)示indicate that/wh- 表示 ; 示意練習(xí)根據(jù)句子的意思，在括號(hào)里填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~。1) . The government has(表明)that it intends to cut taxes.2) . A flashing red light( 標(biāo)示)that a stretch

21、 of road was undergoing repairs.3) . There is every(in dicate) of a cha nge in the weather.Keys: 1). i ndicated2). i ndicated3). i ndicatio n5. slip vi.滑動(dòng)；滑行；滑跤 n.滑倒；小過(guò)失；失誤 slippery adj.滑溜的典例1) . My foot slipped and I nearly fell.我的腳一滑，差點(diǎn)跌到。2) . She slipped into the room whe n no one was look in g.她

22、趁無(wú)人注意的時(shí)候溜進(jìn)了房間。重點(diǎn)用法let slip.錯(cuò)過(guò)；無(wú)意中說(shuō)出let sth. slip through your fin gers 錯(cuò)過(guò)(機(jī)會(huì))，失去(機(jī)會(huì))a slip of the tongue 口誤練習(xí)根據(jù)句子的要求在括號(hào)里填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~或翻譯。1) . She(無(wú)意中說(shuō)出 )that she was intending to leave the company.2) . As the yearsby, I thought more and more about him.3) . Drive very carefully; the roads are wet and(slip).

23、Keys: 1). let slip 2). slipped 3). slippery6. i nsert vt.插入，嵌入典例He inserted a key into a lock.他把鑰匙插進(jìn)鎖中。重點(diǎn)用法insert sth (in/into/between sth) 插入、放入、置入或嵌於某物或某兩物間IV.重點(diǎn)詞組（旨在提供綜合運(yùn)用所需材料）1. live on繼續(xù)生活或存在丈夫死後她繼續(xù)活了多年。live by doing sth 靠做某事物為生live through sth 經(jīng)歷某事物而幸存live a. life 過(guò)著的生活典例She lived on for many

24、years after her husba nd died.短語(yǔ)歸納live短語(yǔ)：live on sth以某物為食；靠某種經(jīng)濟(jì)來(lái)源生活live for sth以某事物為生活目標(biāo)live together 在一起生活；同live with sth接受或容忍某現(xiàn)象live to be. = live to the age of. 活至 U歲live up to sth依照某事物行事；表現(xiàn)出符合某事物的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)練習(xí)根據(jù)句子的意思在括號(hào)里填入適當(dāng)?shù)膌ive短語(yǔ)。1) . The Ion ely old mancharity.2) . Mozart is dead but his music.3) . My

25、 gra ndfatherboth world wars.4) . We should work hard and try toou r parents ' expectations.5) . The brave girl is lear ning toher disability.Keys: 1). live on 2). lives on 3). lived through 4). live up to 5). live with2. make a life習(xí)慣于新的生活方式、工作等典例They settled dow n in Can ada and made a life fo

26、r themselves.他們?cè)诩幽么蠖ň酉聛?lái)，習(xí)慣新的生活方式。短語(yǔ)歸納life短語(yǔ)：bring sb/sth （back） to life 給某人/事物的活力；使復(fù)活 lay dow n one ' s life （for sb/st為） 獻(xiàn)身；犧牲生命lead a dog ' s過(guò)f狗一般的生活（長(zhǎng)期憂慮、痛苦或悲傷）make one ' s way in lif在生活中有所成就take one ' s （own） life: commiti&Ue 自殺put an end to one ' s life: kill on 自殺ftake

27、sb ' s life: kill 取某人性命a/sb ' s way of life某人的或某些人的）生活方式end one ' s days/life （in sth處?kù)赌碃顩r下或在某處）度過(guò)余生練習(xí)根據(jù)句子的意思在括號(hào)里填入適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~或翻譯。1）. He laid dow n his lifethe cause of freedom.2）. They in terview people from（ 各行各業(yè)的人 ）.3）. She adapted easily to the French（生活方式 ）.Keys: 1）. for 2）. all walks of

28、life 3）. way of life3. keep up堅(jiān)持；維持；沿襲古老的風(fēng)俗、傳統(tǒng)等；使某人不能去睡覺(jué)典例1）. You' re all doing a splendid job; keep up the good work!你們干得都很出色,要堅(jiān)持下去！2）. I do hope we ' re n ot keepi ng you我希望我們沒(méi)有耽誤你睡覺(jué)。短語(yǔ)歸納keep短語(yǔ)：keep up with sb/sth.跟上（某人/某事物）；、跟上（形勢(shì)）keep （on） doing sth.繼續(xù)做某事物；重復(fù)做某事物keep away from （使某人/事物）不靠

29、近某人 /事物keep sb back from sb/sth （使某人）與某人 /事物保持距離keep sth. back阻止某事物keep oneself/sb from sth/doing sth 使自己/某人不能做某事物keep sth from sb 不將某事告訴某人keep off （sb/sth）不接近或不接觸某人 /事物keep sb/sth out （of sth）不讓某人/物進(jìn)入（某處）keep in touch with保持與某人的聯(lián)系keep fit保持健康練習(xí)根據(jù)句子的要求在括號(hào)里填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~。1）. The high cost of raw materials is

30、 keeping prices（畐U詞）.2）. She likes to keep up（介詞）the latest fashi ons.3）. The house is becoming too expensive for them to（ 維修）.4）. We should try to（沿襲）our old customs.5）. Police warned bystanders to（不靠近）the blazing building.6）. I think we ought to（不把實(shí)情告訴他 ）until he ' sbetter.Keys: 1). up 2). wit

31、h the truth from him3) . keep up 4). keep up 5). keep away from 6). keep4. team up with (與某人)一起工作(尤指為一共同目標(biāo))；合作典例The two compa nies have teamed up to develop a new racing car. 那兩個(gè)公司已合作研制新型賽 車。5. mark out劃線標(biāo)出 界線典例Please mark out the sentences that you don ' t understand with a red pen請(qǐng)用紅筆標(biāo)出你不懂的 句子

32、。重點(diǎn)用法be marked with. 標(biāo)記著 練習(xí)根據(jù)句子的要求在括號(hào)里填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~。1) .1' ve lost a case(標(biāo)記著)"IX ” on its back2) . She carefully(戈 U線標(biāo)出 )the importa nt phrases and sentence patter ns.Keys: 1）. marked with 2）. marked out6. take in包括；吸收；接納；欺騙典例1）. The stude nts find it easy to take in what you teach.學(xué)生發(fā)現(xiàn)你的課很好懂。2）.

33、 He had nowhere to sleep so we offered to take him in. 他沒(méi)地方可以睡，我們于是就提出讓他留宿。短語(yǔ)歸納take短語(yǔ)：take apart拆開；剖析，抨擊（論點(diǎn)等）take down拿下，取下；拆卸；記下take back取回，帶回；收回說(shuō)過(guò)的話；使回憶起昔日take care of照料，保管take up開始從事；占用（時(shí)間或空間）；著手處理take medicine 服藥take it easy別緊張，慢慢來(lái)take over繼承，接收，接管take off脫下（衣服等）；起飛take on承擔(dān)，從事；呈現(xiàn)take one '

34、s pla入座；代替某人的位置take one ' s t不急，慢慢干7. a great/good many 相當(dāng)多，彳艮多典例It all happened a good many years ago. 這發(fā)生在很多年前。重點(diǎn)用法a great/good many a large nu mber of scores of dozens of many/few修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)many a修飾可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)a good/great deal of a large/great amount of large amounts of much / little / a little修飾不可數(shù)名詞a lot of = lots ofple nty ofa large/great qua ntity of = qua ntities of可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞a supply of = supplies of練習(xí)根據(jù)句子的要求翻譯。1）. I' ve known her _or（很多）years.2）. I imagine if one day I had（很