雅思七分作文整理

1、感受一：7分并非可望而不可及，甚至有點(diǎn)得來全不費(fèi)工夫7分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)task response:addresses all parts of the task presents a clear position throughout the reponse presents, extend and supports main ideas, but there may be a tendency to over-generalise and/or supporting ideas may lack focus. 用中文最簡單的理解是：首尾都要回答問題，允許泛泛而談。這就是說，我們沒必要花太多的精力去考慮

2、觀點(diǎn)是否絕對嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)是否意義深刻，關(guān)鍵是要告訴考官你的思考邏輯。這就是劍橋雅思的魅力，它要考你的不是你的思維能力，而是你的語言表達(dá)能力。哪怕在ridiculous的觀點(diǎn)，只要你能用最恰當(dāng)?shù)恼Z言去表達(dá)，你也可以同樣得7分（當(dāng)然，如果你的目標(biāo)是8分，你就當(dāng)我癡人說話吧）。還有就是說，很多題目本身包含很廣泛的概念，很多大學(xué)教授用十幾萬字都解釋不清的關(guān)系，怎么就能讓我們這些門外漢用三言兩語就解釋好呢。說了這么多，我想說的是，如果你從一開始就習(xí)慣背誦滿分作文，習(xí)慣復(fù)制別人的觀點(diǎn)，這樣的復(fù)習(xí)方法會很吃力（我不敢說是錯的，那是確實(shí)低效，甚至有賭博成分），事倍功半。畢竟我們都是正常人，我們都有自己的思考能力和理解

3、能力，我們說的每一個觀點(diǎn)都是make sense，不make sense的是我們沒把那個觀點(diǎn)說清楚。coherence and cohesionlogically organises information and ideas, there is clear progression throughout lises a range of cohesive devices appropriately although there may be some under-or over use presents a clear topic within each paragragh 用中文最簡單的意思

4、是：分段分點(diǎn)，每點(diǎn)之前必須有連接詞。這一點(diǎn)非常非常容易達(dá)到（我總結(jié)了大量這樣的詞匯，明天或者后天上傳上來）。然后那個考官最為推介的范式（以argumentation的題目為例，因?yàn)閞eport類的文章更死板了）：開頭段+主體段（讓步一段，支持（反對）兩段）+結(jié)尾段。其實(shí)說白了，就是我們最熟悉不過的模版。 也就是說，模版是非常有用的，之所以變成沒用（serve no helpful purpose）是因?yàn)橛媚７兜哪莻€人沒有用（想起粵語里面的一句歇后語，叫“太監(jiān)撒尿”）。至于怎么用模版才能變得不落于俗套，下文回答問題7的時候會有詳細(xì)分析。以下為英語寫作(雅思寫作，學(xué)術(shù)論文等)必備的連詞匯總。以下的

5、內(nèi)容參考了悉尼大學(xué)本科學(xué)生orientation handbook里面關(guān)于如何preparing for essays的總結(jié)，再加上本人的積累。有些連詞與下面的句型匯總重合，請以句型匯總為重點(diǎn)。對于應(yīng)該雅思寫作和大學(xué)學(xué)術(shù)論文絕對綽綽有余，希望能幫助大家。 為了更好地分享我的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，我將以下的詞語劃分成三組 用下劃線highlight的是適用那些總感覺雅思寫作寫不長、寫不滿250字、需要灌水的同學(xué) 用粗體highlight的是適用于那些每次都寫得太長、寫爆格，務(wù)實(shí)的同學(xué) 用斜體highlight的是適用于那些有強(qiáng)烈大詞欲，渴望用大詞整死考官的同學(xué) To signal sequence or add

6、ition Accordingly, actually, additionally, afterwards, again, also, and, another, as was previously stated, as well as, at the same time, besides this, consistent with this, correspondingly, equally important, finally, further, furthermore, in addition, in a like manner, in the first place, in the s

7、ame way, including, initially, last, likewise, more importantly, moreover, next, originally, overall, primarily, similarly, to begin with, too, what is more.To signal timeAfter, afterward, as long as, at first, at last, at length, at the same time, before, concurrently, currently, during, finally, f

8、ollowing, immediately, in the future, in the meantime, last but not least, later, meanwhile, next, once, presently, rarely, simultaneously, sometimes, subsequently, then, this time, until, until then, whenever, while.To show resultsAccordingly, as a result, consequently, for this reason, hence, in o

9、ther words, in that case, it follows that, it is evident that, otherwise, owing to, resulting from this, so it can be seen that, that being the case, therefore this implies, this suggests that, thus, under these circumstances.To introduce evidence/support/reasonsContradictory to this, contrarily, in

10、 support of this, it follows, this is clear because, the evidence for···is, the reasons for···are, this is supported by, to affirm this, to attest to this, to corroborate, to explain, to further confirm, to further verify, to list, to substantiate this, in substantiatio

11、n.To signal repetition, summary, or conclusionAccordingly, all in all, all together, as a final point, as a result, as I have noted, as indicated earlier, as mentioned, as previously stated, as we have seen, briefly, by and large, consequently, finally, given these facts, hence, in brief, in conclus

12、ion, in other words, in short, in summary, to sum up, in summation, on the whole, overall, since, so, summing up, then, therefore, thus, thus we can see that, to conclude, to recapitulate, to repeat, to review.To introduce causes or effectsAccordingly, as a result, because, consequently, due to, for

13、 as much as, for that reason, hence, in as much as, in that, in view of, on account of, owing, since, then, therefore, thus, to narrow the focus, after all, from this perspective, from this point of view, given this context, in fact, in order to, in other words, in particular, in this case, in this

14、context, indeed, particularly, put another way, specifically, that is, this is particularly true when, under certain, circumstances, up to a point, with this in mind.To contrastAfter all, although, alternately, and yet, at the same time, be that as it may, bu, contrastingly, conversely, despite, dis

15、similarly, even though, for all that, however, in contrast, in contrast to this, in opposition to this, in reality, in spite of this, inconsistent with this is that, instead, meanwhile, nevertheless, nonetheless, notwithstanding, on the contrary, on the one hand, on the other hand, otherwise, parado

16、xically, rather than, regardless of, still, though, whereas, when in fact, yet.To compareAlso, analogous to, another similar issue is, at the same time, by the same token, equally, in comparison, in like manner, in similar fashion, in the same way, likewise, similarly.To clarifyIn other words, that

17、is, that is to say, this means that, to clarify, to elaborate, to explain, to paraphrase, to put it another way.To show purposeIn order to, in the hope that, for the purpose, with this end, to the end that, with this objectiveTo dismissAll the same, at any rate, either way, in any event, in either c

18、ase, whatever happens.To signal concessionAdmittedly, albeit, although it is true that certainly, even so, granted, it may appear that, knowing this, naturally, of course, this is only the case when, while this is true, while it may seem that.To signify a conditionGranting that, in the event of, on

19、the condition that, providing that, so long asTo prove examplesAs an illustration, by way of example, for example, for instance, in particular, in support of this, notably, to demonstrate, to elaborate, to exemplify, to highlight, to illustrate, specifically, that is.To referenceConcerning this, con

20、sidering this, with respect to, with regards toTo emphasisAbove all, as a matter of fact, certainly, chiefly, especially, importantly, in any case, in particular, indeed, it must be emphasised, that, mainly, mostly, notably, obviously, of course, particularly, primarily, specifically, truly, undoubt

21、edly.lexcial resourceuses a sufficient range of vocabulary to allow some flexibility and precision uses less common lexical items with some awareness of style and collocation may produce occasional erros in word choice, spelling and/or word formation 用中文最簡單的意思是：足夠就好，不需要多；一兩個大詞就夠，不需要濫。一說到單詞，相信我們并不陌生，

22、甚至認(rèn)為學(xué)英語就是背單詞，寫作就是單詞的選美與堆砌。盡管我們都知道這是不對的，但是依舊默默地堅(jiān)持著，比如說背誦一大堆同義詞代換，一大堆除了莎士比亞見過之外其他人都沒見過的大詞。這樣的復(fù)習(xí)會很累而且會逐漸把雅思寫作從邏輯表述變成詞匯大雜燴。至于何謂是足夠的單詞，何謂是less common lexical items，這就是問題6的范疇了。經(jīng)過我寫了大概30篇雅思作文，我覺得我們需要的詞匯其實(shí)真的不多（我的詞匯表一定會upload上來，估計(jì)在明天或者后天）。我想說的是，記單詞最好的方法是，把單詞放到句型或者例句上面來，然后句型或者例句一定要與雅思寫作topic 相關(guān)。如果不相關(guān)，證明那個詞就算記

23、住了，也不會用。Grammatical range and accuracyuses a variety of complex structures produces frequent error-free sentences has good control of grammar and punctuation but may make a few mistake 用中文最簡單的意思是：句子結(jié)構(gòu)多樣性和允許語法錯誤的存在。對于句子結(jié)構(gòu)多樣性，這一點(diǎn)，我覺得我們中國學(xué)生肯定沒問題的，什么定語從句，什么名詞性從句，什么狀語從句，倒裝句，虛擬語態(tài)，被動語態(tài)等，我們只會過猶不及。從我的個人經(jīng)驗(yàn)來看，

24、我有時候會把定語從句和同位語從句搞亂（并不是我們不知道有什么不同，而是一緊張就很容易忽視了）。說到語法錯誤，我可以說，我們中國學(xué)生最最最常犯的語法錯誤都是非常低級常犯的語法錯誤（低級）(1) 冠詞a, an, the的亂用，少用，多用。（對于這個問題，考官說了，this mistake is insignificant and it takes time for people to avoid it）。結(jié)合自身經(jīng)驗(yàn)，就算我自己真的看了語法書，我們也同樣會繼續(xù)犯錯，但這個錯誤不影響我們拿7分（當(dāng)然也不能每句話都錯一兩次）(2)名詞單復(fù)數(shù)。這個問題很普遍，特別要搞清楚哪些名詞是可數(shù)的，哪些名詞是不

25、可數(shù)的，哪些名詞是既可數(shù)又不可數(shù)（可數(shù)與不可數(shù)表達(dá)不一樣的意思），哪些名詞是單復(fù)數(shù)同形，以及哪些詞可以修飾可數(shù)，哪些只能修飾不可數(shù)。這就需要積累。特別是平時寫作的時候，刻意留意這個問題，在有疑問的單詞打圈，然后寫完之后馬上查詞典。以下是從網(wǎng)絡(luò)上找來的，很管用的總結(jié)。單數(shù)名詞不能單獨(dú)存在，一般前面應(yīng)該有限定詞修飾。 不定冠詞a/an永遠(yuǎn)只能修飾單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞。 every和each永遠(yuǎn)只能修飾單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞。但every+數(shù)詞+復(fù)數(shù)名詞是正確的，如：every ten years 序數(shù)詞后面一般使用單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞。 anther永遠(yuǎn)只修飾單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞。但another+數(shù)詞/few+復(fù)數(shù)名詞是正確的，

26、如：another eight years;another few books other通常修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞，也可修飾不可數(shù)名詞。，如Henry Smith is taller than any other student in his class. 下列詞和短語只能修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞 these,those,many,various,several,numerous,diverse,few,a few,both,a (good/large/great) number of,numbers of,one of 大于1的詞數(shù)只能修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞 ！牢記的結(jié)構(gòu)：one/two/many+of+限定詞+復(fù)數(shù)名詞

27、！ 只能修飾單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞的詞：one,anther,a/an,this,that,each,every,either,such a,many a ！注意！many student以及many a student 只能修飾復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞的詞：>1的數(shù)字(two,six.),hundred,thousand,million,both,several,many,few,a few,these,those,a (good/large/great) number of, numbers of,the numberof,numbers of,numerous,various,diverse,a ser

28、ies of,a wide range of,a collevtion of 只修飾不可數(shù)名詞的詞：much,little,a litter,a great deal of,a great amount of,a piece of,an article of 既可修飾不可數(shù)又能修飾可數(shù)的詞： all (of) a lot of some (of) lots of any (of) plenty of most (of) half (of) a wealth of (a) part of enough (of) the rest of other one third of such no a v

29、ariety of (3). 主謂一致：這個語法最好上百度百科，那里的分析非常詳細(xì)。我發(fā)現(xiàn)經(jīng)常犯主謂一致的錯誤是當(dāng)主語后面有as well as, with, along with, together with, but, like, rather than, except等引導(dǎo)的短語時,謂語動詞要與最前面的主語保持一致. "half of, the rest of, most of, all of及百分?jǐn)?shù)或分?jǐn)?shù)+of 等后接名詞"作主語時,謂語動詞形式根據(jù)of后的名詞而定. (4) . 動詞的時態(tài)問題，現(xiàn)在時，過去式，過去分詞的問題。感受二，雅思考官是不太在乎你是有讓步段

30、還是直接一面倒的。記得在悉尼海外東方學(xué)院的J老師說過，現(xiàn)在“一面倒”已經(jīng)很難甚至不能拿7分了。我問了一下考官，他給我的答復(fù)非常的straightforward，無論讓步還是一面倒，都是可以拿7分，關(guān)鍵是reasonably explain and extend your idea.感受三，只要是問opinion的題目，開頭結(jié)尾都一樣記得還是悉尼海外東方學(xué)院，還是那個“名師”J，他說在寫”discuss both view and give your opinion”和” to what extent do you agree and disagree”的開頭是不要一樣的。前者不用一開始就表明你

31、自己的opinion，后者才需要。但是雅思考官給我的回答是：“you should preview the question and give you opinion immediate so that the examiners can easily understand what you are going to argue”.這就是說慎小嶷十天里面最喜歡的開頭了，“介紹背景+分析雙方觀點(diǎn)+表明自己態(tài)度”；也就是說用模版。感受四，分析自己的觀點(diǎn)的時候，記住這三個英文單詞“explain”,“extend”or“example”你或我總會那么一個時候，想到了一個觀點(diǎn)但是不知道怎么論證，或者不

32、知從哪一個點(diǎn)開始論證。其實(shí)很簡單，要么你就說為什么這個觀點(diǎn)會產(chǎn)生，要么你就說這一觀點(diǎn)所產(chǎn)生的影響（積極或消極），要么就舉例子說明觀點(diǎn)的存在性。無非就是這么三種思考方向。假如一篇文章你有4個觀點(diǎn)，只要上述三項(xiàng)各用一兩次，文章看起來更加有可信度，句型就自然而然變得有多樣性的。說到這，我就分享一下怎么才能讓模版看起來不像模版。最立竿見影的方法是總結(jié)和歸類句型。經(jīng)過我三個月的復(fù)習(xí)和總結(jié)，我發(fā)現(xiàn)雅思作文無非就是以下幾種關(guān)系：開頭句型，插入語和連詞，中立關(guān)系，積極關(guān)系，消極關(guān)系，因果關(guān)系，建議關(guān)系和結(jié)尾句型。我總結(jié)超過160個句型，而且我所有文體（report類，argumentation類，綜合類），幾

33、乎所有領(lǐng)域（教育類，社會類，發(fā)展類，環(huán)保類，犯罪類，科技類等）都寫過了，而且所寫的文章經(jīng)過考官批改都是至少7分，有幾篇8分。我這就是歸功于我平時積累的這些句型。而且在上次2月26日的考試（題目應(yīng)該算是比較難的，小作文地圖題+社會類糧食方面的大作文）中，我用了36分鐘去寫地圖題，只剩下24分鐘寫大作文，我當(dāng)時都很害怕，害怕寫不完。但是我總結(jié)的句型幫了我一大忙。我用了20分就寫完了，最后得了7.5分。并不是我在吹牛，我只是想說，學(xué)會用以下句型，既可以保證你有穩(wěn)定的發(fā)揮，又可以有效的避免語法錯誤，而且還能把大詞很自然而然地就寫出來了，一點(diǎn)都不造作。還有，我想說的是，這里沒有所謂的7分句型或者什么6分

34、句型。我覺得這樣劃分只會導(dǎo)致我們盲目地背誦高分句型而忽略它實(shí)際的用法和語境。什么是高手？高手就是用最簡單方式表達(dá)最準(zhǔn)確的意思。你們可以根據(jù)自己的喜好和習(xí)慣，自己選擇。還有，再好的句型，如果不能很隨心所欲地從自己筆下寫出來，那只能證明那個句型還不是屬于自己。這就需要平時刻意的運(yùn)用，每寫完一篇之后再回過頭來看看，有哪些更恰當(dāng)?shù)木湫蜎]有用上。經(jīng)過多次的trial and error，這些句型就會變成你以后show off的資本了。我怎么變得這么啰嗦啊，說了這么多還沒有上貨。對了，還有一點(diǎn)，對于以下所有句型和單詞，我都查過牛津高階詞典和柯林斯大詞典，語境和用法基本是正確。很多都配上例子，如果發(fā)現(xiàn)有錯的

35、，希望大家提個醒，我會馬上糾正。如果覺得要記上這160+的句型很吃力的話，或者覺得下周就要考試了，來不及熟悉用法的話，我用紅色highlight了我最最最常用的，最最最喜歡的而且最最最萬金油的句型 開頭句型適合discussion問題的開頭The issue/ discussion/ topic/ problem/ subject about/ of (whether 從句 or how + 不定式) is of great interest/ concern/ importance/ significance to/ for···has triggered/sp

36、arked off an intense controversy in the realm of···The issue of···is of great interest to··· e.g. The issue of whether the practice of requiring students to wear school uniforms will affect their personality and individuality is of great interest to many

37、people.The topic of···is of great concern for··· e.g. The topic of whether it is appropriate and effective to use corporal punishment on young children is of great concern for many people.The subject of···is of great importance to··· e.g. T

38、he subject of how to resolve the problems caused by the rapid development of technology nowadays is of great importance to many scientists.The discussion about···is of great significance to··· e.g. The discussion about the most effective way to provide financial and tec

39、hnological supports to third-world countries is of great significance to both industrialized and developing countries.The question of···is a matter of much contention among The problem···has been widely debated in the world of··· The inquiry into·

40、83;has triggered/sparked off an intense controversy in the realm of··· e.g. The inquiry into the morality of conducting various researches and experiments on human cloning has triggered an intense controversy in the realm of science對于人類克隆研究與實(shí)驗(yàn)的道德性所作的研究已經(jīng)引起了科學(xué)界的激烈爭議適合agree/disagree問題的開

41、頭Although it is commonly believed that···, this is actually not the case e.g. Although it is commonly believed that conventional views about a healthy lifestyle and proper conduct are no longer relevant to young peoples needs today, this is actually not the case.Although it is widely

42、accepted that···, this is simply untrue in our day-to-day experiences Although it is generally acknowledged that···, this can hardly be held true in many real-life situations. Although conventional wisdom has it that···, the reality of the situation is of

43、ten far more complicated than that. 雖然傳統(tǒng)大眾觀念認(rèn)為···，但是現(xiàn)狀卻遠(yuǎn)比這種觀念要復(fù)雜得多Although the received opinion is that···, the harsh realities usually turn out to be a completely different picture 雖然大眾普遍接受的觀點(diǎn)是···，但是無情的現(xiàn)實(shí)往往顯現(xiàn)出不同的圖景e.g. Although the received opinion is th

44、at schoolchildren generally benefit from watching television and using other high-tech media in their learning process, the harsh realities usually turn out to be a completely different picture.Although many people subscribe to the belief that···, this is in fact a common misconceptio

45、n that we need to clear up 雖然許多人認(rèn)同這樣的觀點(diǎn)：···，但是事實(shí)上這卻是一種我們需要澄清的普遍錯誤觀念e.g. Although many people subscribe to the belief that providing public library facilities and services is a waster of taxpayers money, this is in fact a common misconception that we need to clear up.Although most indi

46、viduals are convinced that···, this is actually a popular myth that must be exploded. 雖然大多數(shù)人堅(jiān)信···，但這卻是一種我們必須揭穿的普遍錯誤觀點(diǎn)e.g. Although most individuals are convinced that their happiness is closely linked with the level of their financial success, this is actually a popular

47、 myth that must be exploded.表示趨勢的句型There has been a growing trend that···an interesting tendency that/of···a common practice of/that··· a widespread phenomenon that···e.g. There has been a widespread phenomenon that students from rural area

48、s find it increasingly difficult to have access to college or university education.Recent decades have seen an increased awareness of··· Recent decades have witnessed a major transformation in··· e.g. Recent decades have witnessed a major transformation in agricultural

49、development, where industrial technologies are being employed and new varieties of crops are being created, yet, opponents of this development have raised a number of difficult questions. From my point of view, this is a really complicated matter, and we need further investigations to understand the

50、 whole picture.中立關(guān)系It is worth mentioning that··· 值得一提的是 It is by no means certain that··· 完全不能確定的是 It is far too soon that··· 為時過早的是 It is not uncommon that··· 不足為奇的是 It is undeniable that··· 不可否認(rèn)的是 It is unavoidable that 不可

51、回避的是 It is obvious/ evident/ manifest that 明顯的是 It is gradually borne in on sb that 逐漸被某人認(rèn)識到 It is of great interest that··· 廣為興趣的是 It is of paramount importance that··· 首要的是 It is of great urgency that··· 刻不容緩的是 It is + 副詞 + suggested/argued/advised/beli

52、eved that 普遍認(rèn)為 It is widely accepted that It is generally/commonly believed that 普遍相信的是 It is universally acknowledged that 眾所周知的是 It is strongly/commonly suggested recommended/ advised that 強(qiáng)烈建議的是 It is sometimes argued that 有時候爭論的是 There is/was little/no substance that ···幾乎毫無/沒有根據(jù)

53、It is no without substance that ···并非沒有根據(jù) 表達(dá)觀點(diǎn)的句式Advocates of······的支持者 Opponents of······的反對者 Point out/ argue/ claim聲稱/believe / assert斷言/ declare宣稱/ conceive設(shè)想 that表示趨勢的句型There has been a growing trend that··

54、3; an interesting tendency that/of···a common practice of/that···a widespread phenomenon that···Recent decades have seen an increased awareness ofwitnessed a major transformation in表示“強(qiáng)調(diào)某種狀態(tài)在特定明顯或不明顯”的句型This is especially true if/when we consider the fact

55、 that/when it comes to/in terms of 當(dāng)我們考慮··的時候，這一點(diǎn)尤為正確It is not even always true that··· ···并不是總是正確的Incline to = tend to 傾向于Gain/get/have(direct/free/ready/unlimited/unrestricted/restricted/equal) access to 獲得/得到直接/自由/容易/方便/不受限制/受限制/平等/接近的機(jī)會e.g. Men and wowen s

56、hould have equal access to education and employment.Be accompanied by B 伴隨 A Be entitled to = be eligible to = be authorised to 使享有權(quán)利，使符合資格 e.g. the privately insured are entitled to special benfits such as having the choice pf their own doctors, and being able to avoide long waiting lists for hospi

57、tal beds.Have and will continue to 現(xiàn)在是并且將來也會繼續(xù)··· e.g. Education has been and will continue to be central to the countrys economic performance in the 21st century.Give rise to = bring about = create = generate = provoke(負(fù)面的) = evoke 引起，造成 e.g. Computers have brought about many changes

58、 in the workplace.Have/exert an influence/impact/effect on sb/sth 起···作用 Play a role in sth 扮演···角色 正面:Considerable/enormous/dominant/profound/crucial/beneficial(favourable)/ stablizing/pervasive/substantial/lasting/formative 相當(dāng)大的/巨大的/起支配作用的/深遠(yuǎn)的/有利的/穩(wěn)定的/廣泛的/實(shí)際的/(對成長或發(fā)展)

59、 重大作用負(fù)面:adverse(unfavourable)/corrupting /destructive (devastating/disruptive)不利的/腐蝕的/破壞的Have inherent advantages/disadvantages 有內(nèi)在的優(yōu)點(diǎn)/缺點(diǎn) e.g. In terms of environmental protection, exporting agricultural products by means of air transportation has its inherent disadvantages.Be in a position to do 有條

60、件去做e.g. Because of the existence of express transport such as air freight, people in frigid zone are in a position to acquire more nutritious food and vegetable from the tropical zone.Be a double-edged sword ···是一把雙刃劍Equip sb with sth = furnish sb with sth 裝備，使有能力，向···提

61、供Turn on = hinge on 取決于e.g The environmental protection hinges on the actual action by the civilians.A is a key determinant of B A是B的決定因素e.g. In an individuals career, tenacity is a key determinant of success.Be an underlying factor in··· 是···潛在/隱含力量e.g. Human curiosity is an underlying factor in the growing popularity of newspapersRely (almost