大學(xué)生英語(yǔ)四級(jí)復(fù)習(xí)知識(shí)點(diǎn)綜合技能訓(xùn)練

1、大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)復(fù)習(xí)知識(shí)點(diǎn)綜合技能訓(xùn)練倒裝句一、倒裝句1. So + 形容詞 + be + 主詞 + that + 句子（如此以至于）【例】So precious is time that we can not afford to waste it.時(shí)間是如此珍貴，我們經(jīng)不起浪費(fèi)它。這是四級(jí)考試作文部分經(jīng)常用到的一個(gè)套句，也是我們?cè)诘谝徊糠忠獙W(xué)習(xí)的第一種句型倒裝句。我們注意到這個(gè)句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞“be”放到的了主語(yǔ)的前面，這種句子成分順序和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)句型不一致的句型就是倒裝句。倒裝（The Inversion），一般來(lái)說(shuō)是一種較正式的句型，能考查考生的英文寫(xiě)作水平。在文章的開(kāi)頭用倒裝句你的文章會(huì)因此而添色

2、不少，也是寫(xiě)應(yīng)試作文獲取高分的亮點(diǎn)之一，所以我們一定要學(xué)會(huì)正確地使用它，恰當(dāng)?shù)赜脕?lái)闡述自己的觀點(diǎn)。2、adj. + as + Subject（主詞）+ be, S. + V. + （雖然）【例】Rich as our country is, our quality of life is by no means satisfactory.雖然我們的國(guó)家富有，我們的生活品質(zhì)卻不是令人滿意的。v by no means = in no way = on no account一點(diǎn)也不3. On no account can we + V. + （我們絕對(duì)不能）【例】On no account can

3、we ignore the value of knowledge.我們絕對(duì)不能忽略知識(shí)的價(jià)值。4、倒裝有兩種。將主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)完全顛倒過(guò)來(lái)，叫做完全倒裝（complete inversion）?！纠縏hen began a bitter war between the two countries. 于是兩國(guó)之間開(kāi)始了惡戰(zhàn)。只將助動(dòng)詞（包括情態(tài)動(dòng)詞）移至主語(yǔ)之前，叫做部分倒裝（partial inversion）。At no time can the entrance be left unguarded. 入口需要隨時(shí)有人把守。 二、四級(jí)必考句型(1) Among the disadvantage

4、s that may bring to are that + S. + V., making + n. + adj.【分析】有時(shí)候，為了強(qiáng)調(diào)“介詞 + 賓語(yǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)，我們把它置于句首，此時(shí)句子需要全部倒裝，在本句中我們把謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞“are”放在了主語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)“that”的前面。Among the disadvantages that cars may bring to our lives are that we could spend more time in traffic jams and we would likely spend more money on operation and main

5、tenance fees, making our schedules tighter and our pockets lighter!(2) With these steps, we can change our society into one out of which comes the possibility that 【分析】句中的定語(yǔ)從句“out of which comes the possibility”是完全倒裝句。With these steps, we can change our society into one out of which comes the possib

6、ility that natural resources will be fully cherished.(3) There is a real possibility that , should there be a .【分析】Should there be a是省略if并部分倒裝的將來(lái)時(shí)虛擬條件句。還原后為：If there should be a There is a real possibility that we can solve this problem completely, should there be cooperation among all parties invol

7、ved.(4) never, hardly, seldom, rarely, not, until，scarcely, in no case（不管怎樣也不），in no way（不管怎么也不），by no means（決不），on no account（不論什么原因也不），at no time（無(wú)論什么時(shí)候也不）等否定詞放在句首時(shí)，句子要倒裝。By no means shall we cease to protect our environment. (5) It was very late. Exhausted though she was, there was no hope of her

8、 being able to fall asleep. 【分析】從屬連詞as和though也可以用于讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中。這種從句必須以形容詞（或形容詞化的分詞）、名詞或動(dòng)詞原形開(kāi)頭，主句必須位于從句之后。 1) Small as a bicycle is, it can bring a lot of convenience to our lives. 2) Foolish though he looks, he always seems to make the wisest proposals. （他看起來(lái)樣子傻傻的，可似乎總是能提出最聰明的建議。） 3) Try as you may, you

9、will never succeed. （你盡管可以試，但決不會(huì)成功）。 三、練習(xí)A、翻譯1. 至于計(jì)算機(jī)化的影響，沒(méi)有什么地方比銀行能更清楚地看到其成果。2. 要不是來(lái)自政府的及時(shí)投資，我們的公司不會(huì)像現(xiàn)在這樣繁榮昌盛。3. 只是過(guò)了一年，我就開(kāi)始看到我工作的成績(jī)。4. 該組織沒(méi)有違反規(guī)章，但是它也沒(méi)有負(fù)責(zé)任地認(rèn)真工作。5. 幾乎每個(gè)月都有消息報(bào)道調(diào)查中國(guó)公民中科學(xué)教育文盲問(wèn)題的嚴(yán)重性。6. 打算離婚的父母沒(méi)有很好地培養(yǎng)孩子應(yīng)對(duì)將要到來(lái)的危機(jī)的能力，他們也沒(méi)有向孩子們作出很有必要的保證：會(huì)有人照顧你們的。7. 雖然他聰明機(jī)智，也覺(jué)得解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題很難。8. 她不僅學(xué)習(xí)刻苦，而且很有禮貌。9.

10、樹(shù)下坐著的人，是我見(jiàn)過(guò)的最高大的人之一。10. 只有當(dāng)研究者獲得充分的數(shù)據(jù)，他們才能得出一個(gè)正確的結(jié)論?！緟⒖即鸢浮?. As for the influence of computerization, nowhere have we seen the results more clearly than in the bank.2. Had it not been for the timely investment from the government, our company would not be thriving as it is. 3. Only after a year did

11、I begin to see the results of my work. 4. The organization had broken no rules, but neither had it acted responsibly. 5. Hardly a month goes by without word of another survey revealing new depths of scientific illiteracy among Chinese citizens.6. Parents planning to divorce do not sufficiently prepa

12、re their children for the coming crisis, nor do they provide them with the necessary assurances that they will be cared for in the aftermath. 7. Clever and resourceful though he was, he found more than a little difficulty solving the problem.8. Not only was she a hard worker, but she was also very p

13、olite.9. Under a tree was sitting one of the biggest men I had ever seen.10. Only when the researchers have obtained sufficient data can they come to a sound conclusion.B. 改錯(cuò)1. Scarcely they had settled themselves in their seats in the theatre when the curtain went up.2. Under no circumstances we sh

14、ould do anything that will benefit ourselves but harm the interests of the state.3. Not until an infant hedgehog（刺猬）opens its eyes it leaves its nest to follow its mother about.4. Down jumped was the burglar from the tenth floor when the policeman pointed his pistol at him.5. Most of his classmates

15、agree with the opinion that bad as he is,but he has his good points.6. Not until have I passed the examination will I be able to go out to parties.7. Not only the student disturb the authority of the older generation he can threaten the social system as a whole.8. No fewer than one thousand people d

16、id come here to attend the competition.9. We had hardly arrived when does she started crying to go home.10. No sooner had he drunk the coffee when he began to feel drowsy.【參考答案】1. they hadhad they2. we shouldshould we 3. it leavesdoes it leave 4. 去掉was5. 去掉but 6. have II have7. only后加does8. did come

17、came 9. 去掉does 10. whenthan四、偉人偉招1. 英勇無(wú)畏式Nothing in life is to be feared. It is only to be understood. (Marie Curie)生活中沒(méi)有什么可怕的東西，只有需要理解的東西。（居里夫人）【點(diǎn)評(píng)】這句話可用于提出問(wèn)題的解決方法，比如說(shuō)關(guān)于“global shortage of fresh water”，在提到如何應(yīng)對(duì)時(shí)，不妨說(shuō)：Famous scientist Marie Curie once said, “Nothing in life is to be feared; it is only

18、 to be understood.” In the same ways, once we understand the causes of this phenomenon, we can confidently believe that we will solve the problem with the following means. 2. 熱情無(wú)限式A man can succeed at almost anything for which he has unlimited enthusiasm.(C. M. Schwab)只要有無(wú)限的熱情，一個(gè)人幾乎可以在任何事情上取得成功。（施瓦布

19、）【點(diǎn)評(píng)】用法和上句類(lèi)似。3. 理想遠(yuǎn)大式The important thing in life is to have a great aim, and also the determination to attain it. (Goethe)人生重要的在于確立一個(gè)偉大的目標(biāo)，并有決心使其實(shí)現(xiàn)。（歌德） 【點(diǎn)評(píng)】我們可以從歌德的話語(yǔ)里面，學(xué)到一個(gè)很好的句型：The important thing is to, 不妨進(jìn)一步學(xué)一個(gè)四級(jí)里面另兩個(gè)更受歡迎的句型：(1) Nothing is + (adj).er than to + V. + Nothing is + more + 形容詞 + tha

20、n to + V. + 【例】Nothing is more important than to receive education. 沒(méi)有比接受教育更重要的事。(2) What a + adj. + n. + S. + V.!= How + adj. + a + n. + V.!（多么?。?What an important thing it is to keep our promise! How important a thing it is to keep our promise!遵守諾言是多么重要的事！五、實(shí)踐與提高用下列給出的句型造句：1. The narrator may be r

21、ight about, but he neglects to mention he fact that 2. As opposed to widely held beliefs, I believ that 3. Although many people believe that, I doubt whether the argument holds up to much analysis . 4. The advantages of B outweigh any benefit we could gain from A. 5. Although it is commonly held tha

22、t, it is unlikely that 6. There is an element of truth in this argument , but it ignores a deeper and more basic fact that 7. It is true that , but that is not to say that 8. The main problem with this argument is that it is ignorant of the basic fact that 9. It would be natural to think that, but i

23、t would be absurd to claim that 10. In all the discussion and debate over, one important fact is generally overlooked 強(qiáng)調(diào)句一、強(qiáng)調(diào)句精彩套句展示 It is universally acknowledged that + 句子（全世界都知道） 是一個(gè)在四級(jí)作文里面用來(lái)闡述觀點(diǎn)的經(jīng)典句型，用詞也很出色。 It is universally acknowledged that trees are indispensable to us. 全世界都知道樹(shù)木對(duì)我們是不可或缺的。 It

24、 isthat + 句子構(gòu)成強(qiáng)調(diào)句型（The Emphatic Pattern） 英語(yǔ)常用的強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)是“It is/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分（主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)）+ who（that）”。一般說(shuō)來(lái)，被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分指人時(shí)，用who；指事物時(shí)，用that；在美國(guó)英語(yǔ)中指事物時(shí)常用which來(lái)代替that。 與之類(lèi)似的常用句型還有： It is conceivable that + 句子（可想而知的） It is obvious that + 句子（明顯的） It is apparent that + 句子（顯然的） It is conceivable that knowledge plays an impor

25、tant role in our life. 可想而知，知識(shí)在我們的一生中扮演一個(gè)重要的角色。 二、語(yǔ)法精講1. 簡(jiǎn)介(1) 一般情況用It is (was)that (who)，指人時(shí)，用who；指物時(shí)，用that。 我們分別可以強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)和地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)等。如： He read three books in the library yesterday.（正常句子） It was he who read three books in the library yesterday.（強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)） It was three books that he read in the libra

26、ry yesterday.（強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語(yǔ)） It was in the library that he read three books yesterday.（強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)） (2) 強(qiáng)調(diào)狀語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)時(shí)，只用that，不用when、where，如： It is at 5 oclock that the train will arrive. (3) 被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分是主語(yǔ)時(shí)，注意句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和被強(qiáng)調(diào)的主語(yǔ)保持一致。如： It is he who is late. It is they who were late. (4) 一般疑問(wèn)句的強(qiáng)調(diào)句為“Is (was) it + that?”；特殊疑問(wèn)句為：“特

27、殊疑問(wèn)詞+ is (was) +it +that?”結(jié)構(gòu)。如： Was it ten years ago that his father died?（他的父親是十年前去世的嗎？） When is it that you will set off?（你到底什么時(shí)候出發(fā)？） (5)“notuntil”句型的強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)為“It is not untilthat”應(yīng)注意把否定詞not轉(zhuǎn)移到until前面。如： I didnt go home until the rain stopped.（直到雨停了我才回家）。 強(qiáng)調(diào)句為：It was not until the rain stopped that I

28、went home. I didnt know the news until yesterday.（直到昨天我才知道那個(gè)消息） 強(qiáng)調(diào)句為：It was not until yesterday that I knew the news. 2. 四級(jí)必考套句學(xué)習(xí) (1) It is the responsibility of to do sth. 【分析】注意，從形式上看該句子很像強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，而實(shí)際上并非如此，因?yàn)榫渲衖t是形式主語(yǔ)，動(dòng)詞不定式作實(shí)際主語(yǔ)。 It is the responsibility of every citizen in our society to do his utmos

29、t to protect the environment. (2) It is the , I suppose, that havehas given rise to . 【分析】該強(qiáng)調(diào)句型強(qiáng)調(diào)句子主語(yǔ)，I suppose作為插入語(yǔ)。這是一個(gè)很好掌握的四級(jí)長(zhǎng)句，在作文中需要分析原因時(shí)，可以用它闡述自己的看法。 It is the tighter job market, I suppose, that has given rise to the increase in the number of unemployed college students in China. (3) It is on

30、ly when that . 【分析】強(qiáng)調(diào)句型強(qiáng)調(diào)when引導(dǎo)時(shí)間從句。 It is only when you nearly lose someone that you become fully conscious of how much you value him. 三、練習(xí)與進(jìn)步 A. 翻譯 1. 直到最后一刻，我才得知事情的傳聞。 2. 他是否接受我的觀點(diǎn)，我并不在乎。 3. 我不應(yīng)干預(yù)此類(lèi)事。 4. 在擁擠的公交車(chē)上抽煙，是不禮貌的行為。 5. 愛(ài)迪生是位真正的天才，這是不容置疑的。 6. 直到他走進(jìn)教室，才意識(shí)到忘了做家庭作業(yè)。 7. 在我們家，飯前洗手是每個(gè)人的習(xí)慣。 8. 一個(gè)

31、人應(yīng)該精讀一門(mén)，博覽各科。 9. 她覺(jué)得回復(fù)這封信，是她應(yīng)盡的責(zé)任。 10. 大多數(shù)年輕人都認(rèn)為過(guò)輕松不用努力的生活是最好的，這是令人遺憾的事。 【參考答案】 1. It was at the eleventh hour that I got wind of what was going on. 2. It does not matter whether he accepts my opinions or not. 3. It is not my place to interfere in such affairs. 4. It is impolite behavior to smoke in

32、 a crowded bus. 5. It is undeniable that Edison was a genius in the truest sense of the word. 6. It was not until he entered the classroom that he realized he had forgotten to do the homework. 7. In our home it is a rigid rule for each person to wash his hands before eating. 8. It is wise to read ev

33、erything about something and something about everything. 9. She felt it incumbent upon her to answer the letter at once. 10. It is to be regretted that the majority of young people should look upon an effortless life as the highest good. B. 改錯(cuò) 1. It is she which I think is the most beautiful girl I

34、have ever seen. 2. There is an old saying which says, “Great oaks from little acorns grow.” 3. It is in the park which theyll take a picnic. 4. It is believed which the earliest feature of chronic bronchitis is excessive secretion from the mucous glands and goblet call. 5. It is one of his peculiari

35、ties that no incident ever happens to him that without teaching him some valuable lesson. 6. It is an error to suppose which the public is indifferent or unable to understand the problems of religion and philosophy. 7. It is wrong to accuse a person of a crime that you have evidence that he may be g

36、uilty. 8. It be reasonable to receive extra pay for extra work. 9. It is very difficult that you havent sufficient data to solve the problem. 【參考答案】 1. whichwho2. whichthat3. whichwhere4. whichthat 5. 去掉him后面的that6. whichthat7. thatunless 8. beis9. thatwhen 四、偉人偉招 1. 百折不撓式 We must accept finite disa

37、ppointment, but we must never lose infinite hope. (Martin Luther King, Jr.) 我們必須接受失望，因?yàn)樗怯邢薜模f(wàn)不可失去希望，因?yàn)樗菬o(wú)窮的。（馬丁·路德·金） 【點(diǎn)評(píng)】該句為馬丁·路德·金生命的體驗(yàn)，我們?cè)谧魑闹姓劦侥撤N麻煩的解決方法時(shí)，借用過(guò)來(lái)妙不可言。另外We must do, but we must never用于觀點(diǎn)的轉(zhuǎn)折或者遞進(jìn)效果很好。 2. 深入生活式 Genius is formed in quiet, character in the stream of

38、life. (Goethe ) 天才形成于平靜中，性格來(lái)自于生活的激流。（歌德） 【點(diǎn)評(píng)】歌德之才，恐非我輩能及，但大師的語(yǔ)言卻給我們無(wú)窮的靈感。表示“形成”記著用“is formed in”，簡(jiǎn)單之處見(jiàn)真章。 五、實(shí)踐與進(jìn)步 用下列給出的句型造句： 1. There is absolutely no reason for us to believe that 2. Logical as this argument is, and I whole-heartedly agree with it, it appears insignificant when is taken into consi

39、deration . 3. To assume that is far from infallible . 4. A close inspection of this argument would reveal how flimsy it is. 5. On the surface , it may seem a sound suggestion , but with careful consideration , we find that 6. Too much emphasis placed on may obscure other facts, including that 7. The

40、 danger is that 8. What the narrator fails to understand is that 9. We dont have to look very far to see the truth of this argument . 10. However just this argument may be, it only skims the surface of the problem 省 略 句 一、四級(jí)精彩套句展示 It is necessary that effective actions be taken to prevent this probl

41、em. 省略，在語(yǔ)言中，尤其在對(duì)話中是一種常見(jiàn)的現(xiàn)象，它可以使語(yǔ)氣明了。英語(yǔ)里被省略部分一般可以在句子中補(bǔ)上。本句是省略should的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，完整句為It is necessary that effective actions should be taken to prevent this problem. 這種對(duì)虛擬語(yǔ)氣的省略在四級(jí)作文句子里面廣為存在， 又如：It is hoped that great efforts should be directed to (expended on / focused on) finding (developing / improving)中的sh

42、ould也可省略。 二、語(yǔ)法精講 1. 簡(jiǎn)介 句子中的某一成分省略的現(xiàn)象，在語(yǔ)言當(dāng)中廣泛存在，漢語(yǔ)當(dāng)中也有。比如：一班的學(xué)生比二班的多。本句中在“二班的”后面就省略了“學(xué)生”一詞，因?yàn)楦鶕?jù)語(yǔ)境，該詞我們已經(jīng)可以推理得知，在語(yǔ)言中為了避免麻煩，將其省略。 大家可能會(huì)說(shuō)：“四級(jí)考試中我就擔(dān)心字?jǐn)?shù)湊不夠，為什么還要學(xué)習(xí)省略呢？”字?jǐn)?shù)的問(wèn)題確實(shí)是我們必須面對(duì)的問(wèn)題，但并不是四級(jí)考核的惟一標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。省略句的合理利用，會(huì)起到事半功倍的效果。首先，啟用省略句雖然在字?jǐn)?shù)上吃了點(diǎn)小虧，但是可以讓句子更精煉流暢，可謂舍一而得十；另外，很多考生為了湊字?jǐn)?shù)，啰里啰嗦，讓評(píng)卷老師味同嚼蠟，這時(shí)你的省略句就可能會(huì)如一縷春風(fēng)，

43、好處自不用多言。 2. 四級(jí)必考句型 (1) Although many have tried, few have succeeded in attempts to . 【分析】本句中tried后的賓語(yǔ)可根據(jù)后半句的語(yǔ)義推測(cè)得知，所以可以省略，避免重復(fù)。 Although many have tried, few have succeeded in attempts to find perfect solutions. (2) , be it , will bring a lot of happiness into our lives. 【分析】本句是一個(gè)超難句型，中間一節(jié)省略了whether

44、和might，并進(jìn)行了倒裝，將“be it”恢復(fù)后應(yīng)為whether it might be。Be it，可譯為“比方說(shuō)”，用來(lái)給出更多細(xì)節(jié)。 The application of electric power, be it to light our rooms or to listen to music, will bring a lot of happiness to our lives. (3) Christie stared angrily at her boss and turned away, as though to go out of the office. 【分析】as th

45、ough引導(dǎo)方式狀語(yǔ)從句，謂語(yǔ)常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，本句中主句的主語(yǔ)與從句的主語(yǔ)相同，故從句中的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)省略，即省略了she wanted；如果補(bǔ)全，即為：as though she wanted to go out of the office. 三、練習(xí)與進(jìn)步 A. 翻譯 1. 因?yàn)轫?xiàng)目任務(wù)十分艱巨，這個(gè)項(xiàng)目需要的勞動(dòng)力比我們已經(jīng)投入的要多。 2. 雖然Dave Mitchell在舊金山長(zhǎng)大，但他總是更喜歡記錄小鎮(zhèn)生活的平淡事實(shí)。 3. 就像土壤是地球的一部分一樣，大氣也是地球的一部分。 4. 沒(méi)有人會(huì)有時(shí)間去讀或聽(tīng)講述世界發(fā)生的每一件事情。 5. 他的衣服很寬大，好像是為比他個(gè)子大一倍的人裁剪的

46、。 6. 海豚與狗同樣都是聰明的動(dòng)物。 7. 每個(gè)人能夠走鋼絲而沒(méi)有一絲畏懼的，除非他從小就訓(xùn)練過(guò)。 8. 不管付出多大的代價(jià)，他都會(huì)堅(jiān)持他認(rèn)為正確的。 9. 他經(jīng)常坐在一間小酒吧里喝酒，喝得太多了，不利于他的身體。 10. 盡管相對(duì)貴一些，但是這個(gè)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)效率更高，而且不需要經(jīng)常維修。 【參考答案】 1. The project requires more labor than has been put in because it is extremely difficult. 2. Though raised in San Francisco, Dave Mitchell had alway

47、s preferred to record the plain facts of small-town life. 3. Just as the soil is a part of the earth, so too is the atmosphere. 4. No one would have time to read or listen to an account of everything that is going on in the world. 5. His suit hung loosely as if tailored for someone twice his size. 6

48、. A dolphin is no less a clever animal than a dog. 7. No one can walk the wire without a bit of fear unless trained very young. 8. He stands up for what he thinks right, whatever the personal cost. 9. He often sat in a small bar drinking considerably more wine than was good for his health. 10. Even

49、though relatively costly, the engine is highly efficient and infrequently needs servicing. B. 改錯(cuò) 1. A programmed computer begins to show on its screen the figures you need when is switched on. 2. No one, at any rate no English writer, has written about childhood life in a way more poignant than Dick

50、ens was. 3. Careful surveys have indicated that as many as 50 percent of patients do not taken drugs as directed, lowering the effectiveness of the drugs significantly. 4. Layer upon layer of deep snow means that, when it melted, the snow-water would be pure, not salty as sea -ice would be. 5. All t

51、hese projects require continuous spending on new equipment and new development if they are to serve properly, and require more money than is raised through taxes alone today. 6. You spent more money than was intended to spend. 7. To understand the situation completely require more thought that has been given thus far. 8. We can observe small things clearly under a microscope because it makes them appear larger as they really are. 9. In debating, one must correct the opponents falsehoods, deny t