江蘇牛津版高一英語模塊一Units1-3知識(shí)點(diǎn)及語法復(fù)習(xí)1

1、1. enjoy v.-adj. enjoyableenjoy doing sth. 喜歡做某事=be fond of sth./doing sth.enjoy oneself(=have a good/great/wonderful time=have fun)(in) doing sth.2. experience n.-v. experience體驗(yàn)，經(jīng)歷-adj. experienced 有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的experience 不可數(shù)名詞-經(jīng)驗(yàn)（后面常接介詞in 或of短語）可數(shù)名詞經(jīng)歷 an experience /an exciting experience3. earn vt. 賺錢，謀生

2、；博得，得到earn ones living/earn ones bread 謀生，維持生計(jì)4. respect vt. 尊敬；重視；注意 n. （不可數(shù)）尊重，尊敬；（可數(shù)）點(diǎn)；方面 -adj. respectable正派的，受人尊敬的；好的，令人滿意的 -adj. respected 受尊敬的，受敬重的 -adj. respectful 有禮貌的，恭敬的 (of+N/to sb.) 反義disrespectful-adj. respective 各自的（僅用于名詞前） respected多用于修飾人，它與respectable的區(qū)別在于respectable表示受人尊敬的可能性，但未必被r

3、espected搭配用法： respect sb. for sth. 因某事而尊敬某人 in respect of sth. 關(guān)于，就而言 show respect for sb. 尊敬某人 lose the respect of 失去對(duì).的尊敬earn/win respect 贏得尊重5. devote vt.致力于；獻(xiàn)身-adj. devoted摯愛的（be devoted to sb.-n. devotion摯愛，深愛；忠心devote oneself to致力于，獻(xiàn)身于；專心于sb. devote sth. to doing sth. 把獻(xiàn)給；把專用于sb. devote sth. t

4、o sth. 用于be devoted to sth/doing sth. 把時(shí)間(錢、精力等)獻(xiàn)給(做)某事6. average n.平均數(shù)；平均水平；一般標(biāo)準(zhǔn)adj.中等的；普通的；平常的LV.平均為on (an / the) average 平均，按平均計(jì)算；一般說來；通常above/below average 平均水平之上/下7. challenge n. 挑戰(zhàn)；懷疑, 質(zhì)問；艱巨的任務(wù);難題-vt. 挑戰(zhàn)；質(zhì)疑 ；邀請(qǐng)某人比賽-adj. challenging 具有挑戰(zhàn)性的-n. challenger挑戰(zhàn)者the challenge of doing sth.的挑戰(zhàn)face/acce

5、pt/take on a challenge面對(duì)/接受挑戰(zhàn)meet/rise to a challenge迎接挑戰(zhàn)challenge for sth. 挑戰(zhàn)某物challenge sb. to do sth.質(zhì)疑某人做某事8. encouragement n.鼓勵(lì)，促進(jìn)-v. encourage 鼓勵(lì)，激勵(lì)反義：discourage v.使泄氣；勸阻-n. courage 勇氣；膽量；勇敢-adj. encouraging 令人鼓舞的，振奮人心的encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓勵(lì)某人做某事discourage sb. from doing sth. 勸某人不要做某事/勸阻某

6、人做某事have courage to do sth. 有勇氣做某事9. for free免費(fèi)的free from不受的影響；沒有的；擺脫free of charge/tax/duty/rent 免費(fèi)/免稅/免稅/免租金free to do 自由地做某事free adj.免費(fèi)的；自由的-v.釋放；使自由；解脫，使擺脫；解救；解除-adv. freely自由地，不受限制地；暢通地 -n. freedom 自由；自主10. look back on/upon sth. 回憶，回顧look back on/upon the past回首過去look back on/upon those years回

7、首那些年 look into 調(diào)查；觀察 look on旁觀；認(rèn)為，視為 look out注意，小心；注意看 look up查找；好轉(zhuǎn)；向上看；尊敬；拜訪 look down on/upon輕視，看不起 look through瀏覽；仔細(xì)查看；視而不見 look after 照顧；照看 look for 尋找 look forward to (doing sth.) 期待，盼望 look about 四處查看；考察事態(tài)（1）As look back upon those years，I am struck by Annie's wisdom.<回顧，回想>（2）I'

8、ve been looking into this matter this afternoon.<調(diào)查>（3）Two men were fighting. The rest were looking on.<旁觀>（4）When you're eating fish，look out for bones.<當(dāng)心，小心>（5）We've been looking out for a new house，but the ones we've seen are all too expensive.<留心找某物>（6）Look u

9、p the word in the dictionary<查尋，查找>（7）I want to look my uncle up sometime.<看望，拜訪>（8）She looked through her notes before the examination.<瀏覽>11. satisfaction n.滿意v. satisfy使某人滿意；滿足要求等；符合標(biāo)準(zhǔn)等 -adj. satisfied滿意的，滿足的 反義: dissatisfied-adj. satisfying 令人高興的，令人滿意的 反義: unsatisfying，物體，做主語，一

10、般很少用-adj. satisfactory滿意的，夠好的，反義: unsatisfactory，常用，表示事物本身具有的特點(diǎn)等be satisfied with sb./sth.對(duì)感到滿意with/in satisfaction 滿足地，滿意地to sb.s satisfaction 使某人滿意express satisfaction with/at sth.對(duì)表示滿意give sb. the satisfaction of doing sth. 使某人得到做某事的滿足感g(shù)et/gain satisfaction from sth.從某事物中得到滿足感12.exchange v.交換，交流，

11、兌換，更換 exchange sth. for sth.用某物換某物exchange sth. with sb. 同某人交換/交流某物in exchange for 交換13. What islike?用于提問某人或某物的情況怎么樣。其中l(wèi)ike為介詞既可以用于提問某人的長(zhǎng)相怎么樣，又可以提問某人的性情、品質(zhì)等。What does sb. look like? 僅用于提問某人的長(zhǎng)相怎么樣。What does sb. like? 用于提問某人喜歡什么。其中l(wèi)ike為動(dòng)詞What do you think of sb.?問的是一個(gè)人的品行。What do you think of sth.?=Ho

12、w do you find/like sth.?詢問看法，表示“覺得怎么樣？”14. 動(dòng)名詞作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。有時(shí)用it作形式主語，把動(dòng)名詞置于句末。常用的句型有：It is a waste doing sth.做是浪費(fèi)It is no good/use doing sth.做沒好處/用途It is worthwhile doing sth.做是值得的There is no sense in doing sth.做沒道理There is no point in doing sth.做沒有意義There is no use/good in doing sth. 做沒好處/用途There i

13、s nothing worse than doing sth.沒有比更糟的15. attend vt.出席，參加；上學(xué)；到場(chǎng)；（醫(yī)生、護(hù)士等）照料，關(guān)心-n. attendance出席人數(shù)，出席，參加-n. attendant服務(wù)員，隨從-n. attention注意，留心；照顧 attend class上課 attend school上學(xué) attend a meeting參加會(huì)議 attend to處理(生意或個(gè)人事務(wù))；照料；注意傾聽；專心于attend to the matter處理事情attend，take part in, join, join in辨析四者均有“參加”之意。Atte

14、nd指出席或參加會(huì)議、音樂會(huì)、婚禮、宴會(huì)等，也可指聽課、聽報(bào)告等。Take part in多指帶著責(zé)任心參加大型活動(dòng)，并在其中起一定的作用，如體育、比賽、游戲、討論、戰(zhàn)斗等Join 指加入團(tuán)體、組織等，并成為其中的一員，如參軍、入團(tuán)、入黨等Join in 強(qiáng)調(diào)參加正在進(jìn)行的活動(dòng)，如比賽、娛樂、談話等Join sb. in sth. 和某人一起做某事16. the best way to do sth. the way to do sth.做某事的方法 the way of doing sth. 做某事的方法 all the way一路上；從頭至尾 by the way 在路旁；順便說 by w

15、ay of 經(jīng)由；通過的方法 in a way在某種程度上；有幾分，稍微 in no way一點(diǎn)也不，決不 no way 絕不可能 in the way 擋道；妨礙某人 on the way to (doing sth.) 在去往的路上；正在走向；快要成為17. used to do sth. 過去常常做某事 be/get used to sth/doing sth. 習(xí)慣于（做）某事 be used to do sth. 被用來做某事be used for doing sth. 被用來做某事be used as sth.用作18. fun n.（不可數(shù)）娛樂，玩笑，有趣,有趣的人或事-adj

16、. funny for fun 開玩笑地；為了好玩 have fun (doing sth.) 玩得開心 what fun多么開心 make fun of 嘲笑；取笑 it is fun to do sth. 做什么事有趣的 sth. is fun.19. 疑問詞+動(dòng)詞不定式 結(jié)構(gòu)常跟在動(dòng)詞ask, know, consider, explain, decide, wonder, understand, learn 等后面作賓語 I dont not what to do next.=I dont know what I shall do next.20. prepare v.準(zhǔn)備；籌備；把.

17、準(zhǔn)備好adj. prepared有準(zhǔn)備的，準(zhǔn)備好的（不放在名詞前） -n. preparation 預(yù)備，準(zhǔn)備 復(fù)數(shù)：準(zhǔn)備工作，籌備工作 -adj. prepared 有準(zhǔn)備的 反義：unprepared 無準(zhǔn)備的prepare sth.準(zhǔn)備某事 prepare to do sth.準(zhǔn)備做某事 prepare sb. to do sth.為某人做某事做好準(zhǔn)備 prepare for sth.為某事做準(zhǔn)備 prepare sth. for sth.為某事準(zhǔn)備某物 sb. be prepared to do sth.某人有能力且愿意做某事 do sth. in preparation for st

18、h.為準(zhǔn)備某事而做某事make preparations for sth.為做準(zhǔn)備工作in preparation在準(zhǔn)備中21. though/although連詞，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，主句不能與but連用，但可與yet, still等連用 though還可作副詞，一般放在句末，而且前面多用逗號(hào)隔開，although無此用法。 Our team lost. We did a good job, though. 盡管我們表現(xiàn)不錯(cuò)，但我們隊(duì)還是輸了。22. miss vt. 思念，懷念；逃過，避開；沒趕上; 未擊中，未抓??；遺漏 miss 是非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，沒有進(jìn)行時(shí)-adj. missing 丟失的

19、；缺少的miss doing sth. 沒能做成某事 miss out漏掉，省略 miss the chance錯(cuò)過機(jī)會(huì)23. former adj./n. 以前的(放在名詞前) /前者 反義：latter adj./n. 后者的/兩者中的后者 previous adj. 以前的；先前的 指的是按時(shí)間和次序在某事物之前 the previous day前一天 previous to在某事物以前24. donate vt. 捐贈(zèng)，贈(zèng)送-n. donation捐贈(zèng)物 donate sth. to sb./sth. 贈(zèng)送，捐贈(zèng)給某人/某組織 donate blood獻(xiàn)血25. kindness n.

20、 善意，友好，和藹，好意，體貼 -adj. kind 善良的，友好的 反義詞：unkind 不仁慈的，不和善的、26. need的用法歸納： A用作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，主要用于疑問句、條件句或否定句中，沒有時(shí)態(tài)變化，后接動(dòng)詞原形 B用作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞， need to do sth/need sb. to do sth. C. 及物動(dòng)詞，sth. needs doing=need to be done( 主動(dòng)表被動(dòng))27. more than A.用于比較級(jí)，比更（多、大等） B. 表示超過，多于，相當(dāng)于over C. 表示 豈止是，不僅是；非常，十分 D表示 非能力所及，其后跟從句，從句中用can/coul

21、d This is more than I can understand. 這是我所不能理解的。 28. whetheror引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句whether conj. 是否；不管還是.(用于引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句)whether與if類別說明只能用whether, 不能用ifA.句中有or not時(shí)I wonder whether Ill catch the last bus or not.B.引導(dǎo)主語、表語、同位語從句時(shí)Whether it is true remains a question.C.作介詞賓語時(shí)It depends on whether hes ready or not.D.放在不

22、定式之前，與不定式組成詞組時(shí)Please tell us whether to go or stay.只能用if, 不能用whetherA. 若有“假如”之意，引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句時(shí)If it rains tomorrow, the meeting will be put off.B. 當(dāng)引導(dǎo)一個(gè)否定的賓語從句時(shí)I dont care if she is ten years older than me.whether與if可互換用作“是否”講，引導(dǎo)絕大部分賓語從句時(shí)They asked if/whether we would like to go.29. Upon finishing his st

23、udies,一完成學(xué)業(yè) upon是介詞作狀語 A. Upon/On doing 一就 =as soon as/immediately/the moment/the second/the minute/directly/instantly/hardlywhen/no soonerthanB. Upon/On+名詞，表示動(dòng)作剛發(fā)生或完成Upon/On his arrival, he went straight to the headmaster. 他一到達(dá)就直接到校長(zhǎng)那兒去了。30. develop v.培養(yǎng)，養(yǎng)成，產(chǎn)生；發(fā)展；開發(fā)；沖洗（交卷） -adj. developing 發(fā)展中的 -ad

24、j. developed 發(fā)達(dá)的 反義：undeveloped 不發(fā)達(dá)的，落后的；（土地）未開發(fā)的 -n. development 發(fā)展 with the development of 隨著的發(fā)展31. inform vt.告訴，通知 -n. information 消息，情報(bào)，資料（不可數(shù)） -adj. informal 非正式的 反義：fomal-adj. informed 消息靈通的，見多識(shí)廣的keep sb. informed 告知某人Inform sb.+疑問詞(how) +to do sth.通知某人如何做某事inform sb. of sth. 告知某人某事32. run v.

25、管理；經(jīng)營(yíng)；開動(dòng)機(jī)器等；跑； run a school辦學(xué)校 run after 追逐；追求 run into 陷入；碰見 run across 無意間碰到 (sb.) run out of 用完，結(jié)束 (sth run out無被動(dòng)) run away 逃走，離家 run away from 逃避；攜而逃走33. approve v. 贊同，贊許；批準(zhǔn)，核準(zhǔn)，認(rèn)可 反義：disapprove不贊同，反對(duì) -n. approval贊同，贊許, 同意；批準(zhǔn)，認(rèn)可 反義：disapproval 不贊同，反對(duì) -adj. approved (用于名詞前)認(rèn)可的，核準(zhǔn)的-adj. approving

26、贊許的，贊同的 反義：disapprovingapprove of sth.贊成/同意某事approve of sb. doing sth.同意某人做某事be approved for 被批準(zhǔn)用于34. charge n.負(fù)責(zé)，掌管 v. 充電；收費(fèi)，要價(jià)；指控，控告 -adj. chargeable可以控訴的;可充電的 -adj. charged充滿感情的;(氣氛)緊張的take charge接管take charge of接管chargefor 收費(fèi)，要價(jià)charge $ 10 for a cup of coffee 一杯咖啡要價(jià)十美元(sth.) be in/under the char

27、ge of 在某人的掌管下，由某人經(jīng)營(yíng)/照顧，表被動(dòng)sb. be in charge of 掌管，管理，照顧, 表主動(dòng)charge sb. with sth 指控某人某事charge sth. with 使某事物充滿（情感）be charged with 充滿charge sth. 將充電 charge sb with doing sth 命令某人做某事for free = free of charge = without payment 免費(fèi)at ones own charge / expense 自費(fèi)35. event n.（重要）事件；社交活動(dòng)；比賽項(xiàng)目 in any event不管怎樣

28、，無論如何 at all events 不管怎樣，無論如何 in the event到頭來，結(jié)果in that event 如果那樣的話 in the event of 萬一發(fā)生的話event, matter, affair辨析A. event 通常指具有很大影響、意義重大的事件或運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)的比賽項(xiàng)目 B. matter 意為“麻煩、毛病、問題”，通常指要注意的事情，也可以表示“物質(zhì)”C. affair 是一個(gè)比較正式的詞，指已經(jīng)發(fā)生或必須去做的事情，通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式，指“事務(wù)，事態(tài)”如 the world affairs36. present v. 贈(zèng)送；提交，交出；出席，出現(xiàn) n. 禮物=gif

29、t adj.出席的，到場(chǎng)的（作定語時(shí)必須后置）反義：absent 缺席的，不在場(chǎng)的-adv. presently 不久，馬上，很快，一會(huì)兒=soon; (美)現(xiàn)在，目前=now-n. presence 出席，到場(chǎng)，出現(xiàn) 反義：absence 缺席, 缺乏，沒有-adj. presentable 像樣的，體面的，拿得出手的-n. presentation 授予，頒發(fā)；報(bào)告，（新產(chǎn)品的）介紹；（觀點(diǎn)的）陳述，說明；呈現(xiàn)at present 現(xiàn)在，目前for the present 就目前來說，暫時(shí)up to the present 直到現(xiàn)在，至今make a present of sth. to

30、sb. 把某物贈(zèng)送給某人37. compare v. 比較，對(duì)比 -n. comparison 比較 -adj. comparable（在數(shù)量、大小、質(zhì)量等方面）類似的,相當(dāng)?shù)?可比較的-adj. comparative相比之下的, 相比而言的, 相對(duì)的 n. 比較級(jí)形式compareto把比作comparewith把與進(jìn)行比較compared with/to和比較，常用于句首或句尾，且作狀語beyond/without comparison無與倫比by comparison比較起來in comparison與比較38. the+比較級(jí)，the+比較級(jí) 越，越39. choose v. (ch

31、ose, chosen)挑選，選擇 -n. choice 選擇，選擇權(quán) choose to do sth. 選擇/決定/寧愿/愿意做某事choose sb./sth. to do sth. 選擇某人/某事做某事choose sb./sth. as sth.選擇作為choose from sth.從選擇cant choose but do不得不做某事have no choice but to do sth.別無選擇做某事do nothing but do sth. 除做之外什么也不做40. order n.次序，順序；訂購(gòu)；點(diǎn)菜；命令，指示 v. 命令，指示；訂購(gòu)；點(diǎn)菜 in order整齊，有

32、條理 out of order 出了故障；次序紊亂，不按順序 in order to/that 為了，目的在于 order sb. to do sth.命令某人做某事 order that (should) do 賓語從句+(should) do類似用法：當(dāng)某些表示建議、請(qǐng)求、命令等主觀意向的名詞作主語時(shí)，其后的表語從句或同位語從句需用虛擬語氣，其表達(dá)形式為should 動(dòng)詞原形或直接用動(dòng)詞原形。這類名詞常見的有：advice，insist , suggest/suggestion，propose /proposal，order， demand，desire，request，require/r

33、equirement，recommend /recommendation , aim , wish , necessity , preference , motion , plan，idea，resolution等。如: I demand that he (should) answer me immediately. 我要求他立刻答復(fù)我。He insisted that he (should) be sent there.他要求被派到那兒去。注意：如suggest, insist不表示"建議" 或"堅(jiān)持要某人做某事時(shí)"，即它們用于其本意"暗示、

34、表明"、"堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為"時(shí)，賓語從句用陳述語氣。判斷：  （錯(cuò)） You pale face suggests that you（should）be ill.（對(duì)） Your pale face suggests that you are ill.（錯(cuò)） I insisted that you（should）be wrong.（對(duì)） I insisted that you were wrong.41. regret v. （regretted, regretting）遺憾；后悔做了某事；對(duì)感到遺憾-adj. regretful 后悔的，遺憾的-adj. re

35、grettable 令人懊惱的，可惜的，令人遺憾的regret to say/to tell you/ to inform you/that 表示所后悔、遺憾的事情還沒有發(fā)生regret +n./doing sth./that從句 后悔，因做某事而遺憾、惋惜等regret not doing sth 不后悔做過的事情regret not having done sth類似結(jié)構(gòu)： remember/forget to do sth.記得/忘了去做某事 remember/forget doing sth. 記得/忘了做過某事mean to do sth.打算做某事mean doing sth.意味

36、著try to do sth.努力做某事try doing sth. 試試做某事stop to do sth.停下來去做某事stop doing sth.停止做某事go on to do sth. 繼續(xù)做另外一件事go on doing sth.繼續(xù)做同一件事cant help to do sth.不能幫忙做某事cant help doing sth.忍不住做某事42. require v. 要求，需要 -n. requirement要求，需要的事物（一般復(fù)數(shù)） require sth. 需要 require doing sth.=require to be done(主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)含義) 某

37、物需要被做(類似的詞：need,want) be required to do sth. 規(guī)定做某事require sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事 require that sb. (should) do sth. require sth. of sb. 要求某人做某事43. sothat引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句，“如此以至于”即so+adj./adv. that從句so that 引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句，表示“為了，以便”，從句常使用can, could, may, might, will, would, should等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞; 引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句，從句中一般不用can, may等詞

38、。 sothat 與suchthat區(qū)別: 意思相同但固定搭配不同so+adj./adv.+that 從句such a/an+adj.+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+that 從句= so+adj.+ a/an+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+that 從句such +adj.+不可數(shù)名詞/可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)+that 從句The play was so interesting that I went to see it several times.= This was such an interesting that I went to see it several times.= This was so interesting

39、a play that I went to see it several times.這個(gè)話劇十分有趣，所以我去看過好多次。注意：名詞由many, much, few, little修飾時(shí)，只能用sothat結(jié)構(gòu)。44. act n. （戲?。┠?；行為，舉動(dòng) vt. 行為，表現(xiàn) -n. action行動(dòng), 活動(dòng)-n. actor演員(尤指男演員)-n. actress . 女演員-adj. active活潑的, 活躍的; 積極的;主動(dòng)的 反義：inactiveact as擔(dān)任職務(wù)act for代理act on對(duì)起作用，對(duì)有效take action to do sth.采取行動(dòng)做某事take a

40、n active part in積極參與be active in doing sth.積極做某事45. be supposed to(to do sth.)理應(yīng)/應(yīng)該做某事；被認(rèn)為，被看做是46. tolerate vt. 忍受；默許；允許=stand/bear -n. toleration 容忍精神，寬容態(tài)度 -adj. tolerant 寬容的，容忍的 反義：intolerant -n. tolerance 容忍，寬容tolerate doing sth. 允許做某事47. frightened adj. 受驚的；害怕的=scared -v. frighten 使害怕，使驚嚇=scare-

41、adj. frightening令人害怕的，嚇人的 =scary be frightened to do sth.害怕做某事 be frightened of sth./doing sth.frighten sb. to death 把某人嚇的要死 frighten sb away嚇走某人 frighten sb/sth. off 嚇走，嚇跑 frighten sb into doing sth.把某人嚇得做某事48. starve v. 挨餓；渴望 -n. starvation 挨餓，饑餓，餓死 -adj. starving 挨餓的starve for 渴望；急需starve to deat

42、h 餓死 49. be at fault 有錯(cuò)，要對(duì)錯(cuò)誤負(fù)責(zé) find fault with 挑剔；找茬，吹毛求疵 Its your fault to make such a mistake. 犯這樣的錯(cuò)誤是你的過失。50. defend v. 辯護(hù)，辯解；防衛(wèi)，保護(hù) -n. defence 保護(hù)，防護(hù)-n. defender 保護(hù)者；防守隊(duì)員，后衛(wèi)-n. defendant 被告defend against 防衛(wèi)；抵抗defend with 用防衛(wèi)defend from 防衛(wèi)以免于 defend sb. against/from sb/sth.針對(duì)為辯解; 保護(hù)某人/物免受傷害51. des

43、erve v. 值得；應(yīng)得；應(yīng)受 -adj. deserved應(yīng)得的，理所當(dāng)然的 -adj. deserving 應(yīng)得的，值得的（尤指經(jīng)濟(jì)上的支持）deserve to sth. 理應(yīng)做某事 deserve+名詞 deserve doing sth.= deserve to be done He deserves punishment.=He deserves punishing.=He deserves to be punished. deserve well/ill of應(yīng)/不應(yīng)受到 deservefor為值得做某事 deservefrom應(yīng)從受到52. upset adj.感到不適的；心

44、煩意亂的 v. (upset, upsetting) 打翻；傾覆；使心煩意亂 be upset with sb 對(duì)某人不快 be upset by/at/about 對(duì)某事感到煩惱upset stomach腸胃不適53. emergency n.(可數(shù)) 突發(fā)事件；緊急情況 - n. emergence 出現(xiàn)，顯現(xiàn)；發(fā)生；露頭（of） - adj. emergent 緊急的,浮現(xiàn)的,突然出現(xiàn)的；新出現(xiàn)的（僅用于名詞前） - vi. emerge出現(xiàn); 顯出; 暴露(問題. 意見等) emerge from ( =appear, become known ) 54. explanation n.

45、(可數(shù)) 解釋，說明 - v. explain 解釋，說明 explain sth. to sb.= explain sb. sth. 向某人解釋某事的理由55. be hard on sb./sth.=be strict with sb. in sth.對(duì)某人某人嚴(yán)厲56. now that既然，由于，引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句=because of the fact that=since57. turn短語turn ones back on sb. (=turn away from sb. in an impolite way) 不理睬(某人),背棄,拋棄by turns 輪換地in turn (=

46、successively; in order) 依次do sth in turn / by turns = take turns to do sth / in doing sth 輪流做某事turn against 轉(zhuǎn)而反對(duì)，背叛turn around / round 轉(zhuǎn)身，轉(zhuǎn)過來turn on 打開（燈，氣，水，電器等）turn off 關(guān)掉（燈，氣，水，電器等） turn up 把音量開大，卷起，翻起，發(fā)生，出現(xiàn)，到達(dá)turn down 關(guān)小/調(diào)低（音量熱度），拒絕turn over 把翻過來，翻動(dòng)，犁翻（土地），細(xì)想turn in 交進(jìn)，上繳，歸還turn into 變成turninto

47、 把變成，轉(zhuǎn)變成turn to 轉(zhuǎn)向，向求助，查閱turn out 結(jié)果是，生產(chǎn) turn out to be 被證明是, 結(jié)果是turn right / left 向右/向左拐turn writer = become a writer 成為作家58. take a vacation休假 （vacation無復(fù)數(shù)形式） the summer/winter vacation暑/寒假 on vacation/holiday 在度假59. expect vt. 認(rèn)為；期待 -n. expectation 預(yù)料，預(yù)期，期待 -n. expectancy 期待，期望-adj. expectant 期待的

48、（一般用于名詞前） expect to do sth. 預(yù)計(jì)做某事expect sb. to do sth. 期待某人做某事 expect that+從句 I expect/think/believe/suppose so. I dont expect/think/believe/suppose so.(否定轉(zhuǎn)移)60. cant wait to do sth. 迫不及待地要做某事61. surprise vt. 使驚奇 n. 意想不到的事 -adj. surprised 感到奇怪的（人之情感） -adj. surprising 令人吃驚的（物之性質(zhì)） to ones surprise讓人吃驚

49、的是 in surprise 吃驚地 be surprised at/to do sth. 對(duì)感到吃驚62. do with 處理 用于特殊疑問句時(shí)，do with多與what連用 deal with 處理 用于特殊疑問句時(shí)，deal with多與how連用63. in a mess 混亂；一團(tuán)糟 make a mess of 把搞得一塌糊涂 mess up弄壞；毀壞；弄臟64. leave+賓語+補(bǔ)足語（現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞、名詞、形容詞、介詞短語） 使處于某種狀態(tài)；聽任，讓 leave alone讓處于某種狀態(tài)，聽任 leave behind 不帶，忘了帶；遺留，留下 leave off 停

50、止，中斷 leave out 遺漏，省略；把 排除在外 on leave 在休假 take ones leave of向某人告辭=take leave of sb.65. go短語：go abroad 出國(guó) go about 四處走走，開始做，著手干 ，走到，傳開go against 違反，違背 go after追求；設(shè)法得到go ahead 說吧，干吧，領(lǐng)先，走在前面 go along進(jìn)行，進(jìn)展go away 走開，離去go back 回去go beyond 超越 go by 走過，經(jīng)過，（時(shí)間）消逝，過去go down 下來，落下，倒下go down on ones knees 跪下go

51、for 為去，努力獲取，主張，適用于go for a hike = go hiking 去徒步旅行 go for a walk / walks 散步go for sb 對(duì)某人也一樣 go in for 參加，喜歡 go into 詳細(xì)調(diào)查 go off 走開，離去，（鬧鐘）鬧響；動(dòng)身；發(fā)射，爆炸go off to = be off to = leave for 動(dòng)身去go off the air 停止廣播（比較：go on the air 開始廣播） go on 發(fā)生，進(jìn)行，繼續(xù) go / be on diet 在節(jié)食go on (a) holiday 去度假= go for a holida

52、y go on a visit to 去訪問（參觀）go on doing sth 繼續(xù)做某事（同一事）比較：go on to do sth 繼續(xù)做某事（另一事）go on with sth 繼續(xù)某事go out 熄滅，出去 ，外出go over 復(fù)習(xí)，過一遍，仔細(xì)檢查，審閱go past 從的旁邊過去go up 上升，上漲，增長(zhǎng)，攀登go with 與相配go without 忍受沒有之苦，沒有也行，沒有也能勉強(qiáng)應(yīng)付go shopping / fishing / sailing / camping / skating 去購(gòu)物/釣魚/駕船航行/宿營(yíng)/滑冰 go straight along 沿

53、著一直往前走go through 通過，經(jīng)受，瀏覽，仔細(xì)檢查go through with 完成 go to bed （上床）睡覺 go to sleep 入睡go to school / work 上學(xué)/上班go to a movie 去看電影 go to the country(side) 下鄉(xiāng) go home / there 回家/去那兒go to see a doctor 去看病，去看醫(yī)生 go bad 變壞 go wrong 出毛病，不對(duì)頭，做錯(cuò)事，誤入歧途go Dutch 各付各的帳，平攤費(fèi)用go into effect 生效. ( 近: come into effect; tak

54、e effect;  be brought into effect)66. have +sth.（賓語）+過去分詞（賓語補(bǔ)足語）表示請(qǐng)某人做某事/使某事被做I have my watch repaired.我讓人修了我的表。have +sb./sth.（賓語）+現(xiàn)在分詞（賓語補(bǔ)足語）叫/讓/使某人做某事或讓某種情況發(fā)生 Youd better have your car running slowly.你最好把車開慢點(diǎn)。have +sb.（賓語）+do sth.（賓語補(bǔ)足語）叫/讓/使某人做某事The boss often has them work for 14 hours a da

55、y. 老板經(jīng)常要他們一天工作14個(gè)小時(shí)。 have sth. to do 要做某事（主語來做）I have lots of things to do this afternoon. 今天下午我有許多事情要做。have sth. to be done 有事要做（不是主語來做）Do you have any clothes to be washed?你有衣服要我洗嗎？67. by chance 偶然；意外地 by any chance萬一；碰巧 on the chance of懷著的希望 take a chance/chances 冒險(xiǎn)；碰運(yùn)氣have the chance/opportunity of doing sth.