復(fù)合句知識(shí)點(diǎn)講解及練習(xí)

1、賓語(yǔ)從句中考考點(diǎn)賓語(yǔ)從句即在復(fù)合句中作主句的賓語(yǔ)的句子。它屬于名詞性從句。它既可以作主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)，也可作介詞的賓語(yǔ)。賓語(yǔ)從句以從句的句式來(lái)決定連接詞。中考對(duì)賓語(yǔ)從句考查的重點(diǎn)是引導(dǎo)詞、時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)序?？枷?qū)Ш礁哳l考向一賓語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞賓語(yǔ)從句是陳述句，引導(dǎo)詞用that，在口語(yǔ)中that可以省略。如：We believe (that) he is honest.我們相信他是誠(chéng)實(shí)的。如果賓語(yǔ)從句由一般疑問(wèn)句轉(zhuǎn)換而來(lái)，其引導(dǎo)詞用if或whether。一般情況下，二者可以通用，但從句中有or not或從句充當(dāng)介詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，只能用whether。如：I don't know if/whether

2、 she will come here.我不知道她是否將來(lái)這兒。Sorry，I don't know whether he will come or not.對(duì)不起，我不知道他是否會(huì)來(lái)。賓語(yǔ)從句是特殊疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，引導(dǎo)詞就是特殊疑問(wèn)詞。如：Could you tell me where the post office is？你能告訴我郵局在哪里嗎？The teacher asked the students what they were doing.老師問(wèn)學(xué)生他們正在做什么。高頻考向二賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)賓語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)是由主句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)來(lái)決定的，一般有下面幾種情況：主句的時(shí)態(tài)為

3、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般將來(lái)時(shí)或祈使句時(shí)，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)要根據(jù)具體的情況用相應(yīng)的任何時(shí)態(tài)。如：He says he will ask Mr. Hu to give Jim some work.他說(shuō)他將讓胡先生給吉姆一些工作。主句的時(shí)態(tài)為過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)要用相應(yīng)的過(guò)去的某一時(shí)態(tài)。如：She said she missed us very much.她說(shuō)她非常想念我們。從句表示的是客觀真理、普遍真理、自然現(xiàn)象時(shí)，從句的時(shí)態(tài)一律使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如：He said that the sun is bigger than the earth.他說(shuō)太陽(yáng)比地球大。高頻考向三賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序1在含

4、有賓語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句中，賓語(yǔ)從句要使用陳述語(yǔ)序，即“引導(dǎo)詞主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)其他”。如：I want to know when the train left.我想知道火車是什么時(shí)候離開(kāi)的。2do you think后接賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，特殊疑問(wèn)詞即引導(dǎo)詞要前置，do you think作為插入語(yǔ)。如：Who do you think he is talking with？你認(rèn)為他正在和誰(shuí)交談？【注意】由do，does，did構(gòu)成的疑問(wèn)句，在轉(zhuǎn)換成賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，要去掉do，does，did，且從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要根據(jù)主句時(shí)態(tài)作出相應(yīng)的變化。如：“Does he sing well？”The music teacher

5、 asked him.The music teacher asked him if/whether he sang well.這個(gè)音樂(lè)老師想知道他唱得是否很好。 如果是will，be，have，can組成的疑問(wèn)句，在變?yōu)橘e語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，要把這些詞還原到句中原來(lái)的謂語(yǔ)位置上，并根據(jù)主句的時(shí)態(tài)作相應(yīng)的變化。如：“Will you be free tomorrow？”She asked me.She asked me if/whether I would be free tomorrow.她問(wèn)我明天是否是空閑的。當(dāng)主句的主語(yǔ)為第一人稱，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是think, guess, believe等動(dòng)詞且接有否定

6、的that賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，常將否定詞提前到主句中。如：I don't think that Alice is an American.我認(rèn)為艾麗絲不是美國(guó)人。高頻考向四賓語(yǔ)從句的轉(zhuǎn)化當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)和主句的主語(yǔ)相同，且謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是hope，wish，decide等時(shí)，從句可轉(zhuǎn)化為不定式結(jié)構(gòu)。如：I hope that I can see you again.I hope to see you again.我希望能再次見(jiàn)到你。當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)和主句的主語(yǔ)相同，且謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是know，remember，forget，learn等時(shí)，從句可轉(zhuǎn)化為“疑問(wèn)詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。如：I don't kn

7、ow what I should say.I don't know what to say.我不知道該說(shuō)什么。當(dāng)主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是ask，tell，show，teach等，且賓語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)和主句的間接賓語(yǔ)一致時(shí)，從句可轉(zhuǎn)化為“不定式結(jié)構(gòu)”或“疑問(wèn)詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。如：Mr. Hu tells us that we shouldn't draw on the wall.Mr. Hu tells us not to draw on the wall.胡老師告訴我們不應(yīng)該在墻上畫(huà)畫(huà)。Will you please tell me where I can buy stamps?Will y

8、ou please tell me where to buy stamps？你能告訴我在哪兒能買到郵票嗎？狀語(yǔ)從句中考考點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句即在復(fù)合句中作狀語(yǔ)的句子。根據(jù)其用途可分為九類。中考對(duì)狀語(yǔ)從句考查的重點(diǎn)是引導(dǎo)詞和時(shí)態(tài)。考向?qū)Ш礁哳l考向一狀語(yǔ)從句的種類如：I'll let you know as soon as she comes.她一來(lái)，我就會(huì)讓你知道。(時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句)I won't go with you because I am busy doing my homework now.我不會(huì)跟你去，因?yàn)楝F(xiàn)在我正忙著做作業(yè)。(原因狀語(yǔ)從句)If it rains tomorro

9、w，we'll stay at home.如果明天下雨，我們會(huì)待在家里。(條件狀語(yǔ)從句)Although he is not rich，he lives happily.盡管他不富有，但是他生活得很幸福。(讓步狀語(yǔ)從句)He got up very early this morning in order that he could catch the first bus.為了能趕上第一班公交車，他早上起得很早。(目的狀語(yǔ)從句)It was such a cold day that nobody wanted to go out.天氣那么冷，沒(méi)人想出去。(結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句)wherever

10、he goes, he always brings his pet dog.無(wú)論他哪里，他總是帶著他的寵物狗。(地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句)Carol speaks English as well as you do.卡羅爾英語(yǔ)說(shuō)得和你一樣好。(比較狀語(yǔ)從句)The child talked to us as if he were a grown­up.那個(gè)孩子和我們談起話來(lái)像個(gè)成年人似的。(方式狀語(yǔ)從句)【注意】so與because, though/although與but不能在句中同時(shí)出現(xiàn)。高頻考向二狀語(yǔ)從句與主句時(shí)態(tài)的一致性1主句為祈使句、一般將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)或由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作時(shí)，if引導(dǎo)的

11、條件狀語(yǔ)從句、because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)從句及when, as soon as, until等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來(lái)時(shí)。如：Don't go and play football if you don't finish your homework.如果你不完成家庭作業(yè)，你就不要去踢足球。He won't leave until you agree with him.直到你同意他，他才會(huì)離開(kāi)。2since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，主句則用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)(“It has been. since從句結(jié)構(gòu)”)。如：Uncle Wang has wor

12、ked in the factory since it opened in 1995.自從1995年那家工廠開(kāi)辦以來(lái)，王叔叔便在那里工作了。It is (has been) ten years since we left that city.我們離開(kāi)那個(gè)城市已經(jīng)十年了。3主句為過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，狀語(yǔ)從句也應(yīng)用過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)的某一種形式。如：Yesterday Meimei didn't come to school because her mother was ill.昨天梅梅沒(méi)來(lái)上學(xué)是因?yàn)樗龐寢尣×?。When I was a child, father had told me that stor

13、y.我還是小孩子的時(shí)候爸爸便已給我講過(guò)那個(gè)故事了。4當(dāng)主從句的動(dòng)作均發(fā)生在過(guò)去時(shí)，注意含when, while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的主從句時(shí)態(tài)的一致性：主從復(fù)合句中，主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作在從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生，且進(jìn)行的時(shí)間較長(zhǎng)時(shí)，主句用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。如：Mother was cooking dinner when I got home yesterday.昨天我到家時(shí)媽媽正在做飯。從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作先于主句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作發(fā)生，且進(jìn)行的時(shí)間較長(zhǎng)時(shí)，從句用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，主句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。如：When the students were having a meeting, the teach

14、er came in.學(xué)生們正在開(kāi)會(huì)時(shí)，老師進(jìn)來(lái)了。若主從句動(dòng)作開(kāi)始時(shí)間不存在先后關(guān)系(即同時(shí)發(fā)生)或無(wú)所謂先后時(shí)，主從句可同時(shí)使用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。如：While Han Meimei was sweeping the floor, Lucy was carrying water.韓梅梅在掃地，而露西在挑水。主句動(dòng)作和從句動(dòng)作都已完成，則先發(fā)生的動(dòng)作可用過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)，后發(fā)生的動(dòng)作用一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。如：When they got to the cinema, the film had been on for five minutes.他們到電影院時(shí)，電影已放映了五分鐘。定語(yǔ)從句中考考點(diǎn)定語(yǔ)從句在句中作

15、定語(yǔ)，修飾一個(gè)名詞或代詞，被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞。定語(yǔ)從句通常出現(xiàn)在先行詞之后，由關(guān)系代詞who，whom，that，which，whose或關(guān)系副詞when，where，why等引出。中考對(duì)定語(yǔ)從句考查的重點(diǎn)是定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞?？枷?qū)Ш礁哳l考向一定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞1who，whom，that代替的先行詞是指人的名詞或代詞，在從句中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)等。如：Is he the man who/that wants to see you？他是想見(jiàn)你的那個(gè)人嗎？He is the man (who/whom/that) I saw yesterday.他是昨天我看到的那個(gè)人。2which，that代

16、替的先行詞是指代事物的名詞或代詞，在從句中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)等。如：Mary likes music that/which is quiet and gentle.瑪麗喜歡輕柔的音樂(lè)。The coat (that/which) I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的外套是藍(lán)色的。3whose用來(lái)指人或物，在句中只用作定語(yǔ)。如：Please pass me the book whose cover is green.請(qǐng)把封面是綠色的那本書(shū)遞給我。4關(guān)系副詞有when，where，why，它們?cè)诰渲凶鳡钫Z(yǔ)。如：I'll never forget the days w

17、hen we studied together.我永遠(yuǎn)忘不了我們一起學(xué)習(xí)的那些日子。This is the city where my father worked ten years ago.這是我爸十年前工作的城市。高頻考向二關(guān)系詞只能用that而不用which的情況1當(dāng)先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)。如：This is one of the most exciting football games that I have ever seen.這是我所看過(guò)的最激烈的一場(chǎng)足球賽。2當(dāng)先行詞被序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)。如：The first thing that you could do was to turn

18、 off the light.你首先要做的就是關(guān)燈。3當(dāng)先行詞為all，everything，nothing，something，anything，little，much，none等不定代詞時(shí)(something后也可用which)。如：All that we have to do for our students is to tell them how to speak English in class.我們要為學(xué)生做的所有的事情就是告訴他們?nèi)绾卧谡n上說(shuō)英語(yǔ)。I'm going to buy everything that I need.我要去買我所需要的一切東西。4當(dāng)先行詞前面有o

19、nly，just，very，any，no等詞修飾時(shí)。如：That's the only thing that we can do now.那是我們現(xiàn)在唯一能做的事情。5當(dāng)先行詞指代的既含有人又含有物時(shí)。如：They are talking about things and persons that they remembered.他們正在談?wù)撍麄兯芑貞浧饋?lái)的人或事。高頻考向三關(guān)系詞只能用who(whom)而不用that的情況1當(dāng)先行詞為all，any或其合成詞或a few且指人時(shí)。如：Anyone who breaks the law will be punished.任何違法的人都

20、會(huì)受到懲罰。2當(dāng)先行詞為that，this，those或these且指人時(shí)。如：Those who hadn't bought the tickets for the train crowded in the waiting hall.那些還沒(méi)買著票的人擠在候車廳里。3當(dāng)先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)時(shí)，在口語(yǔ)中用who或whom引導(dǎo)均可，但如直接位于介詞后作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，只能用whom。如：The guest (who/whom) I'll first introduce to you is a little girl.我首先要介紹給你們的客人是一位小姑娘。I met a few

21、friends of mine，among whom was my old classmate.我遇見(jiàn)幾位朋友，其中一位是我的老同學(xué)。一、用括號(hào)中所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。(原創(chuàng))1This morning my mother asked me where Julia _(go) last weekend.2Will Tony go skiing with us this Saturday?Sorry, I don't know if he _(go). But I know he has no interest in sports.3I don't know where she

22、 _(come) from.4What are you doing under the desk?I'm looking for the pen that I _(buy) yesterday.5Qian Xuesen passed away on October 31, 2009, at the age of 98，but he is a man who still _(encourage) Chinese youth.6The stories that _(write) by Mark Twain are often humorous.二、用適當(dāng)?shù)倪B詞填空。7I'd lik

23、e to know _we will go camping.Maybe in the forest.8Excuse me, Miss Chen, could you tell me _the Belt and Road means?It is short for the Silk Road Economic Belt and 21st Century Maritime Silk Road.9Mr. Green, do you know _our summer camp begins?July 10th. It will last a month.10_ he had failed many t

24、imes, he didn't give up and succeeded in the end.11I will be very happy _ you come to my party.12Dad, when did you come back from the farmland yesterday?Well, I didn't come back _the rain stopped.13Mike, what were your parents doing at 8：00 last night?My mother was reading _my father was pla

25、ying computer games.14The sky is dark and red _the sun is rising behind the cloud.15They were too late, _they got to the fashion show, it had been over.三、用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系代詞填空。16I want to visit a place _is famous for its scenery.17Please show me the book _cover is red.18This is the very book _tells many Englis

26、h stories.19Confucius was a famous philosopher (哲學(xué)家) _has influenced the world greatly.20Everyone _has been to Shanghai says it is a modern city.考點(diǎn)跟蹤突破復(fù)合句賓語(yǔ)從句一、把下列各句改為賓語(yǔ)從句。1The teacher asked me，“Will you be a volunteer？”The teacher asked me if be a volunteer.2“Who is responsible for the food safety

27、problem？”asked the reporter.The reporter asked responsible for the food safety problem.3John asked，“Can you look after my pet dog？”John asked I look after his pet dog.4Does the earth go around the sun? Susan wanted to know. Suan wanted to know the earth around the sun.5Does her daughter take an umbr

28、ella with her? Mrs. Brown wanted to know.Mrs. Brown wanted to know her daughter an umbrella with her or not.二、用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。6He asked if the light (travel) faster than sound.7Our teacher told us that the sun (rise) in the east and (set) in the west.8I will take back what I (say)9We didn't know th

29、at Lucy (be) an American girl.10Anna said that she (make) Chinese friends in China soon.11Jack wants to know how much the car (cost) him.12I hope that I (visit) Beijing soon.13Can you find out that our city (change) a lot in recent years?三、用適當(dāng)?shù)囊龑?dǎo)詞填空。14The police wondered handbag it was. 15I'm th

30、inking of we should go to see the film.16Do you know positive energy means.17Could you tell me people eat yuanxiao in China?At the Lantern Festival.18Ms. Petty, can you tell me the baby giraffe comes from?Africa.19I wonder I may have a word with you.Yes, of course.20Can you tell me you plan to do wi

31、th the problem?21Could you tell me you'll go to Paris?Next month.22Excuse me, could you tell me bus I should take to get to the zoo?The No. 32 bus can take you there.23The math problem is so hard. I really don't know to do it.24Could you tell me the Winter Olympic Games are held?Every four y

32、ears.25Wang Hai told me he didn't go cycling yesterday afternoon.四、語(yǔ)法填空。閱讀下面的短文，在空白處填入一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)脑~，或填入括號(hào)中所給單詞的正確形式。Nirmala Toppo, a 14­year­old girl from India, can talk to elephants! And she has saved the city of Rourkela in India with this ability (能力)One day, 12 wild elephants ran into Ro

33、urkela from a nearby forest. They were very huge. Local people tried their 26. (good) to drive the elephants into a gym. But they didn't know 27. to drive them back to the forest.“It was a difficult task. The elephants became violent (暴力的) and started to destroy the gym area, ” a local forest of

34、ficial 28. (tell) the BBC.Then they thought of Nirmala Toppo, a tribal (部落的) girl 29. lives in the neighboring state of Jharkhand. She is famous for being able to talk to elephants. She has 30. (success) driven back elephants many times before in her hometown.When Toppo arrived, she came close to th

35、e elephants. She wasn't afraid at all. “I told them the gym was not their home. They should return where they belong. They understood 31. I said，” said Toppo.The elephants started to leave the gym. Toppo walked many miles with them 32. they arrived back at the forest. Her 33. (foot) were badly h

36、urt because of the long distance.How did she learn to talk to elephants ? Toppo said she learned that after a few elephants killed her mother. But 34. (other) think that's because tribal people 35. (live) with wild animals for so many years, and they know how to deal with them.狀語(yǔ)從句一、句型轉(zhuǎn)換。1Jack i

37、s so short that he can't reach the book on the shelf.(改為同義句)Jack is short reach the book on the shelf.2The teacher began his class. All the students were seated.(用until合并為一句)The teacher _ his class all the students were seated.3Hurry up, or you'll miss the early bus.(改為同義句) you hurry up, you

38、 catch the early bus.4The children have to stay inside because of the hot weather.(改為狀語(yǔ)從句)The children have to stay inside hot.5Miss Gao wrote a letter to her friend at once after she had got to Shanghai.(改為同義句)Miss Gao a letter to her friend she Shanghai.二、用括號(hào)中所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。6I (not go) to bed until t

39、he programme ends.7They (not meet) each other since they left college.8Tom (argue) with his brother when I went to see him yesterday.9He (live) in the countryside when he was young.10The film (begin) when I got to the cinema, so I missed the beginning of the film.11He won't believe it he sees it

40、 with his own eyes.12Will you come and stay with us for a while when you (finish) doing your homework?13I met an old friend of mine while I (walk) in the street.14My parents are always worried about what will happen if I (fail)15I will send you an e­mail as soon as I (arrive) in London.三、用方框中所給

41、單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空，每詞限用一次。although，before，until，while，as soon as，because，when，since，whatever，so that16He is training very hard he can win a gold medal in the Olympics. 17When shall we begin our trip?We'll set out our head teacher arrives.18. he is very tired, he continued working in his office.19Zootopia

42、, the cartoon, is popular there are many lovely animals in it.20It's a good habit to wash your hands you have meals. 21He always thinks I'm wrong, I may say.22Jenny didn't go to bed her mother came home last night.23Mother was worried because her son was ill, especially father was away i

43、n France. 24Could you help me with housework you are free today?25I was about to go to school it began to rain.四、語(yǔ)法填空。(原創(chuàng))閱讀下面的短文，按照句子結(jié)構(gòu)的語(yǔ)法性和上下文連貫的要求，在空白處填入一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)脑~或填入括號(hào)中詞語(yǔ)的正確形式填空。每空不多于3個(gè)單詞。A wise man travelled in the mountains. 26. he was walking, he 27. (find) a precious stone in a river.The next da

44、y, he met another traveler who was 28. (hunger). The wise man opened his bag to share his food 29. the traveler. The traveler saw the stone and asked the wise man 30. (give) the stone to him.The wise man did so 31. hesitation.The traveler left very happy. He knew the stone was very valuable and he c

45、ould get much money by 32. (sell) it. But a few days later, he came back to return the stone 33. the wise man.“I've been thinking all these days，”he said. “I know how valuable the stone is, but I give it back to you. 34. I hope I can get something more valuable. Could you tell me what made you g

46、ive me the stone without hesitation？”35 (hear) this, the wise man smiled and said, “I think you have got what you want.”From the story we can learn that sometimes it's not the wealth you have but what's inside you is more valuable to other people.定語(yǔ)從句一、將下列簡(jiǎn)單句改為定語(yǔ)從句。1They like those books. Th

47、ose books have scary monsters.They like those books scary monsters.2We are looking for the nurse. She looked after my little sister.We are looking for the nurse my little sister.3Jane is my best friend. She can play the piano.Jane the piano my best friend.4Please pass me the dictionary. Its cover is

48、 black.Please pass me the dictionary black.5I'll never forget the farm. I visited it in 2012.I'll never forget the farm in 2012.二、用who, whom, whose, which或that填空。6The first thing you must do is to have a meal.7The woman you met in the shop lives on the second floor of our building.8This is the only Chinese book Jane can find.9Whic