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1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上Lesson1和 Lesson4Be動(dòng)詞用法口訣:Be有am,is,are 我(I)用am 你(you)用are is連著他(he)她(she)它(it)我們(we)你們(you)他們(they)要用are 單數(shù)名詞用is 復(fù)數(shù)形式要用are 變否定真容易be后not為標(biāo)記 變問(wèn)句be提前,句尾問(wèn)號(hào)要配全(?)應(yīng)用時(shí)多注意縮寫(xiě)形式要牢記:I'm=I am you're=you are he's=he is she's=she is it's=it iswe're=we are you're=you are the

2、y're=they are . .人稱(chēng)/物主/指示代詞分類(lèi): 英語(yǔ)中代詞主要分為人稱(chēng)代詞和物主代詞.具體形式如下表所示:第 一 人 稱(chēng)第 二 人稱(chēng)第 三 人 稱(chēng)單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)單 數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)人稱(chēng)代詞主 格 I we you you he she it they賓 格 me us you you him her itthem物主代詞形容詞性 my our your your his her itstheir名詞性mineoursyoursyours his hersitstheirsI. 人稱(chēng)代詞:人稱(chēng)代詞又分為主格和賓格形式.主格通常做主語(yǔ)。賓格通常做動(dòng)詞或介詞的賓語(yǔ). Eg: a. Im

3、 a nurse.b. Could you help me ? c. Mum often takes us to the park on Sunday.d. Its a cat. We call it “ Mimi.” e. Who knows him ? f. They are going to the cinema with her. II. 物主代詞又分為形容詞性的物主代詞和名詞性的物主代詞.形容詞性的物主代詞:相當(dāng)于形容詞,后面要跟名詞,指定名詞的所屬對(duì)象. 名詞性的物主代詞:相當(dāng)于一個(gè)名詞,必須單獨(dú)使用,后面不能再跟名詞.Eg: a. Your school is small, mi

4、ne is big.(=my book)b. This is not your pen. Yours is on the desk.(=your pen)c. whose book is that ? Its hers. (=her book)d. Their classroom is on the second floor. Ours is on the third floor.(=our classroom)e. Her bike is black. His is grey. Mine is blue.(=his bike, my bike)g.Those arent our books.

5、 Ours are on the floor. Those books are their.(=our /their books ) *人稱(chēng)代詞劃線,常用who (賓格可用whom)提問(wèn).物主代詞劃線常用whose提問(wèn)。 (特別提示): 并列人稱(chēng)代詞的排列順序1)單數(shù)人稱(chēng)代詞并列作主語(yǔ)時(shí),其順序?yàn)椋旱诙朔Q(chēng) -第三人稱(chēng) -第一人稱(chēng)you - he/she/it - I You,he and I should return on time.2)復(fù)數(shù)人稱(chēng)代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),其順序?yàn)椋旱谝蝗朔Q(chēng) - 第二人稱(chēng) -第三人稱(chēng)We-you-TheyLesson2數(shù)詞用法歸納 一、定義與分類(lèi)數(shù)詞是指表示數(shù)

6、目多少或順序先后的詞。表示數(shù)目多少的數(shù)詞叫基數(shù)詞,如 one, five, ten, thirty, sixty-five 等;表示順序先后的數(shù)詞叫序數(shù)詞,如 first, sixth, tenth, twenty-first 等。數(shù)詞用法相當(dāng)于名詞和形容詞,在句中可用作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)等。二、序數(shù)詞1. 許多序數(shù)詞是由相應(yīng)的基數(shù)詞后加詞尾-th構(gòu)成的,如four / fourth,six / sixth,ten / tenth,sixteen / sixteenth,但是nine變?yōu)樾驍?shù)詞是ninth,而不是nineth。2. twentieth, thirtieth, for

7、tieth 等表示整十的序數(shù)詞,由相應(yīng)的基數(shù)詞將詞尾y改為ie,再加-th 構(gòu)成。3. first, second, third 通??煽s寫(xiě)為1st, 2nd, 3rd。凡是以th結(jié)尾的序數(shù)詞可縮寫(xiě)為“基數(shù)詞+th”:4th, 5th, 9th, 11th, 60th, 128th等。4. 非整十的多位數(shù),將個(gè)位數(shù)變成序數(shù)詞即可:twenty-first(第21),thirty-sixth(第36),ninety-ninth(第99),three hundred and sixty-fifth(第365)等。5. 序數(shù)詞前通常要用定冠詞,但表示考試或比賽等的名次時(shí),通常可省略其前的定冠詞。如:

8、My room is on the second floor and his on the third. 我的房間在三樓,他的房間在四樓。 He was (the) third in the exam. 他考試得了第三名。注:有時(shí)序數(shù)詞前不用定冠詞,而用不定冠詞,表示次第在原有基礎(chǔ)上的增加。如:Well have to do it a second time. 我們得再做一次。三、表示日期1949年1949讀作nineteen forty-nine6月23日J(rèn)une 23th 讀作June (the) twenty-third或the twenty-third of June2006年10月O

9、ctober 2006 讀作October, two thousand and six1600年5月2日May 2end, 2005 讀作the second of May, sixteen hundred四、表示鐘點(diǎn)半小時(shí)用half,一刻鐘用a quarter,半小時(shí)以?xún)?nèi)用past,超過(guò)半小時(shí)用to。08:00 eight oclock或eight09:15 nine fifteen或a quarter past/after nine02:30 two thirty或half past/after two05:45 five forty-five或a quarter to sixLesson

10、3There be 句型用法歸納1. 定義:There be句型表示某處存在某物或某人。2. 結(jié)構(gòu):  (1) There is + 單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞/不可數(shù)名詞 + 地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ).  (2) There are + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞 + 地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ).     there是引導(dǎo)詞,在句中不充當(dāng)任何成分,翻譯時(shí)也不必譯出。句子的主語(yǔ)是某人或某物,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞be要與主語(yǔ)(某人或某物)的數(shù)保持一致。當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的名詞時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要與跟它最近的那個(gè)名詞一致。(就近原則)  There is a bird in t

11、he tree.   樹(shù)上有一只鳥(niǎo)。 There is a teacher and many students in our classroom.  我們教室里有一位老師和許多學(xué)生。(就近原則)  There are two boys and a girl under the tree. 樹(shù)下有兩個(gè)男孩,一個(gè)女孩。 (就近原則)3. There be句型與have的區(qū)別:  (1) There be 句型和have都表示“有”的含義。區(qū)別如下:There be表示“某處存在某物或某人”;have表示“某人擁有某物/某人”,它

12、表示所有、擁有關(guān)系。  He has two sons.他有兩個(gè)兒子。There are two men in the office.辦公室有兩個(gè)男人。4. 句型轉(zhuǎn)換一:否定句    There be句型的否定式的構(gòu)成和含有be動(dòng)詞的其它句型一樣,在be后加上not即可。not a/an/any + n.(注意在改否定句的時(shí)候如肯定句中有some要改為any,一般疑問(wèn)句變化也一樣)例如:     There are some pictures on the wall. There aren't a

13、ny pictures on the wall.     There is a bike behind the tree. There isn't a bike behind the tree.二:一般疑問(wèn)句     There be句型的一般疑問(wèn)句變化是把be動(dòng)詞調(diào)整到句首,再在句尾加上問(wèn)號(hào)即可。但同時(shí)要注意:當(dāng)肯定句中有some時(shí),要將其改為any(否定變化也一樣)。看看下面兩句是如何"改頭換面"的吧:     There is some water i

14、n the bottle. Is there any water in the bottle?     There are some cakes on the table. Are there any cakes on the table? 三:特殊疑問(wèn)句     There be句型的特殊疑問(wèn)句形式有以下三種變化:     對(duì)主語(yǔ)提問(wèn):當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是人時(shí),用"Who's+介詞短語(yǔ)?";當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是物時(shí),用"What's + 介詞

15、短語(yǔ)?"。注意:無(wú)論原句的主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù),對(duì)之提問(wèn)時(shí)一般都用be的單數(shù)形式is(回答時(shí)卻要根據(jù)實(shí)際情況來(lái)決定)。如:     There are many books over there. What's over there?     There is a little girl in the room.Who is in the room?     對(duì)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)提問(wèn):提問(wèn)地點(diǎn)用”Where is / are+主語(yǔ)”。例如:  

16、60;  There is a computer on the desk. Where is the computer?     There are four children in the classroom. Where are the four children?     對(duì)數(shù)量提問(wèn):     How many + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞 + are there + 介詞短語(yǔ) ?  How much + 不可數(shù)名詞 + is there + 介詞短語(yǔ)?如: The

17、re are twelve months in a year. How many months are there in a year?There is some money in my purse. How much money is there in your purse?Lesson5have 和 has的用法have和has與主語(yǔ)搭配:主語(yǔ)為第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)時(shí)用has,其余人稱(chēng)都用have。have / has的含義及用法:1.作“有”講。  如:I have a bag. 我有一個(gè)包。        

18、;   He has a red cup. 他有一個(gè)紅杯子。2.作“吃、喝”講。如:have breakfast (吃早飯)   have tea  (喝茶)           have a biscuit (吃塊餅干)  have a drink (喝點(diǎn)水)Lesson6名詞分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞兩大類(lèi):1、可數(shù)名詞可數(shù)名詞包括個(gè)體名詞和集體名詞,有單復(fù)數(shù)形式。關(guān)于名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式的構(gòu)成規(guī)則是:1)在名詞后面直接加s,如:books,

19、beds,computers,photos(=photographs);2)在以o,s,x,ch,sh結(jié)尾的名詞后面加es。如:tomatoes,classes,boxes,watches,fishes;但是以“元音字母+o”結(jié)尾的外來(lái)詞、縮略詞只加s。如:radios,zoos,pianos,photos;3)以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的名詞,先改y為i,再加es。如:family-families,baby-babies;4)以“f,fe”結(jié)尾的名詞,把f,fe改為ves。如leaf-leaves knife-knives life-lives shelf-shelves:,但是以下幾個(gè)以f

20、結(jié)尾的名詞只加s:roof-roofs(屋頂),belief-beliefs(信念),注:還有不少名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式是不規(guī)則變化的:1)改變單數(shù)名詞中的元音字母或其它形式。如:foot-feet    tooth-teeth      child-children   mouse-mice2)單、復(fù)數(shù)形式相同。如:a sheep- two sheep      a deer- three deer此外,還有means, fish, works(工廠),

21、 species(種類(lèi)) 以及由漢語(yǔ)音譯表示度量衡、幣制等單位的名詞,如yuan,jiao,fen,jin,mu等。3)只有復(fù)數(shù)形式。如:goods(貨物)  glasses(眼鏡)  compasses(圓規(guī)) thanks(感謝)clothes(衣服) trousers(褲子) gloves(手套)  jeans(牛仔褲)people   dumplings(餃子) noodles   doings(行為)police  congratulations(祝賀)&

22、#160; 4)表示“某國(guó)人”的名詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式因習(xí)慣不同而各異。a、單復(fù)數(shù)形式相同:Chinese, Japanese, Swiss(瑞士人), b、加s構(gòu)成:Americans, Germans, Africans, Asians, Australians, Canadians, Indians, Belgians(比利時(shí)人), Europeans(歐洲人), Greeks, Swedes(瑞典人), Arabs(阿拉伯人), Hungarians(匈牙利人).c、改man為men:an Englishman- four Englishmen   

23、  a Frenchman- three Frenchmenan Irishman- six Irishmen        Dutchman- five Dutchmen  5)復(fù)合名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式因詞而異,有下列四種變化,必須分別熟記。a、以可數(shù)名詞結(jié)尾的復(fù)合名詞,直接加-s。如:tooth-brushes,   boy-friends,  store-keepers,  film-goersb、以man和woman等為前綴的復(fù)合名詞變復(fù)數(shù)形式時(shí),則前后兩部分都要

24、變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)形式。如:a man servant- two men servants, a woman doctor- three women doctors,a man cook- four men cooks, a woman singer- seven women singerslesson7一、at, in, on在表示時(shí)間上的區(qū)別 1. at指時(shí)間表示: (1)時(shí)間的一點(diǎn)、時(shí)刻等。如: They came home at sunrise (at noon, at midnight, at ten oclock, at daybreak, at dawn) 2. in指時(shí)間表示: (1)在

25、某個(gè)較長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間(如世紀(jì)、朝代、年、月、季節(jié)以及泛指的上午、下午或傍晚等)內(nèi)。如:in 2004, in March, in spring, in the morning, in the evening, etc (2)在一段時(shí)間之后。一般情況下,用于將來(lái)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為瞬間動(dòng)詞,意為“在以后”。如: He will arrive in two hours. 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞時(shí),in意為“在以?xún)?nèi)”。如: These products will be produced in a month. 注意:after用于將來(lái)時(shí)間也指一段時(shí)間之后,但其后的時(shí)間是“一點(diǎn)”,而不是“一段”。如: He wil

26、l arrive after two oclock. 3. on指時(shí)間表示: (1)具體的時(shí)日和一個(gè)特定的時(shí)間,如某日、某節(jié)日、星期幾等。如: On Christmas Day(On May 4th), there will be a celebration. (2)在某個(gè)特定的早晨、下午或晚上。如: He arrived at 10 oclock on the night of the 5th. (3)準(zhǔn)時(shí),按時(shí)。如: If the train should be on time, I should reach home before dark. 二. at, in和on表示地點(diǎn)時(shí)的區(qū)別 1. a

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