初一英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)

1、課時(shí)一一、 重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法1. 動(dòng)詞be（am,is,are）的用法：be動(dòng)詞包括“am”, “is”, “are”三種形式。第一人稱(chēng)單數(shù)(I)配合am來(lái)用。句型解析析：I am+例句：I am Snoopy.I am ten years old. I am a student. I am a boy.第二人稱(chēng)(You)配合are使用。句型解析：You are+例句：You are my good friend. You are a good teacher.You are beautiful第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)(He or She or It)配合is使用。句型解析：She(He, It) is +例句：

2、She is a good girl.She is so tall.She is short.人稱(chēng)復(fù)數(shù) (we /you/they)配合are使用。句型解析：We (You, They) are +例句 We are in Class 5,Grade 7.They are my friends.You are good students.用法口訣：我(I)用am, 你(you)用are，is跟著他(he)，她(she)，它(it)。單數(shù)名詞用is，復(fù)數(shù)名詞全用are。變否定，更容易，be后not加上去。變疑問(wèn)，往前提，句末問(wèn)號(hào)莫丟棄。還有一條須注意，句首大寫(xiě)莫忘記。對(duì)應(yīng)練習(xí)：一. 用括號(hào)中適當(dāng)

3、的詞填空。1. I _(am, are, is) from Australia.2. She _ (am, are, is) a student.3. Jane and Tom _(am, is, are) my friends.4. My parents _ (am, is, are) very busy every day.5. _ (Are, Is, Do, Does) there a Chinese school in New York?6. _ (Be, Are, Were, Was) they excited when he heard the news?7. There _ (b

4、e) some glasses on it.8. If he _ (be) free tomorrow, he will go with us.一、用be 動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 1. I _ a boy. _ you a boy? No, I _ not. 2. The girl_ Jack's sister. 3. The dog _ tall and fat. 4. The man with big eyes _ a teacher. 5. _ your brother in the classroom? 6. Where _ your mother? She _ at home.

5、7. How _ your father? 8. Mike and Liu Tao _ at school. 9. Whose dress _ this? 10. Whose socks _ they? 11. That _ my red skirt. 12. Who _ I? 13.The jeans _ on the desk. 14.Here _ a scarf for you. 15. Here _ some sweaters for you. 16. The black gloves _ for Su Yang. 17. This pair of gloves _ for Yang

6、Ling. 18. The two cups of milk _ for me. 19. Some tea _ in the glass. 20. Gao shan's shirt _ over there. 第二課時(shí)（1）英語(yǔ)人稱(chēng)代詞和物主代詞一、人稱(chēng)代詞表示“我”、“你”、“他”、“她”、“它”、“我們”、“你們”、“他們”的詞，叫做人稱(chēng)代詞。人稱(chēng)代詞有人稱(chēng)、數(shù)和格的變化，見(jiàn)下表：人稱(chēng)單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)主格賓格主格賓格第一人稱(chēng)Imeweus第二人稱(chēng)youyouyouyou第三人稱(chēng)hehimtheythemsheheritit人稱(chēng)代詞主格：作主語(yǔ)，表示誰(shuí)怎么樣了、干什么了。I am a tea

7、cher. You are student. He is a student, too. We/You/They are students.人稱(chēng)代詞賓格作賓語(yǔ)，表示動(dòng)作行為的對(duì)象。Give it to me. Lets go (lets =let us)二、物主代詞表示所有關(guān)系的代詞叫做物主代詞，也可叫做代詞所有格。物主代詞分形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞二種，其人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的變化見(jiàn)下表。數(shù)人稱(chēng)類(lèi)別單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)第一人稱(chēng)第二人稱(chēng)第三人稱(chēng)第一人稱(chēng)第二人稱(chēng)第三人稱(chēng)形容詞性物主代詞myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名詞性物主代詞mineyourshishersitsoursyoursth

8、eirs漢語(yǔ)我的你的他的她的它的我們的你們的他（她、它）們的形容詞性物主代詞(my/your/his/her/its/our/their)+名詞而名詞性物主代詞則相當(dāng)于形容詞性物主代詞+名詞,故其后不必加名詞。如：Is this your book? No,，it isnt， its hers(her book)This pen is mine.代詞練習(xí)（一） 一、選出括號(hào)中正確的詞，在正確的詞上打勾。1. This is（my / I）mother. 2. Nice to meet （your / you）.3. （He / His）name is Mark. 4. Whats（she /

9、her）name?5. Excuse（me / my / I）. 6. Are（your / you）Miss Li?7. （I/ My）am Ben. 8. （She / Her）is my sister.9. Fine , thank （your / you）. 10. How old is （he / his）二、用所給代詞的正確形式填空。1. These are _ ( he ) brothers.2. That is _( she ) sister.3. Lily is _ ( Lucy ) sister.4. Tom, this is _ ( me ) cousin, Mary.5

10、. Now _(her parent) are in America.6. Those _ ( child ) are _ ( I ) fathers students.7. Do you know _ ( it ) name?8. Mike and Tom _ ( be ) friends.9. Thanks for helping _( I ).10. _(Ann安)mother is _(we) teacher.三、單項(xiàng)選擇。（ ）1. My family _ a big family. My family _all here.A. is, is B. are, areC. is, ar

11、eD. are, is（ ）2. This is _. A. a picture of familyB. a picture of my familyC. a familys pictureD. a family of my picture（ ）3. Lets _ good friends.A. beB. areC. isD. am（ ）4. Is she your aunt? Yes, _.A. shesB. her isC. she isD. he is（ ）5. Are _ coats yours? Yes, they are .A. theyB. theseC. thisD. ther

12、e（ ）6. Is that _ uncle? No, it isntA. heB. sheC. herD. hers（ ）7. Mrs. Green is _ grandmother. A. Jim and KateB. Jim and KatesC. Jims and KatesD. Jim and Kates（ ）8. Do you know the name _Mr. Greens son?A. inB. ofC. onD. or（ ）9. _ the great photo of your family. A. thank forB. Thanks forC. Thank forD.

13、 thanks for（ ）10. Are those your friends? _. A. Yes, theyreB. No, they areC. Yes, they areD. Yes, those are代詞練習(xí)（二）一、用適當(dāng)?shù)拇~填空1We like _ (he, his , him) very much.2Is this guitar _ (you, your, yours)?3_(She, Her, Hers) name is Li Li.4Father bought a desk for _ (I, my, me, mine).5_ (It, It's, Its)

14、is very cold today.6Is this your book, Mike?Yes ,_(we, you, they )are.7Are you and Tom classmates?Yes, _(we, you ,they )are.8Each of the students _( have, has) a pen pal.9He has a dog. I want to have _(it, one ),too.10Her parents are _ (both, all ,either )teachers.11The text is easy for you .There a

15、re _( few, a few ,little, a little) new words in it .12I want _( some, any) bananas. Give me these big _(one, ones).二、選擇正確的答案1Is this _ book?Ayou BI Cshe Dyour2It's a bird. _ name is Polly.AIts BIt's CHis DIt3What's that ?_ a jeep.Ait'sBIts CIt'sDits4What's that in English? _

16、.AIt's eggBThat's egg CIt's a eggDIt's an egg5Whose cat is this ? Is it yours? Is it a white _?Acat's Bone ConesDcats6Please give the book to _.AI Bme Cmy Dmine7_skirt is yours?AWhose BWhere CHow DWhich8_ is this pen ? It's Wang Fang's.AWho's BWhose CWhere DWhich9Kate

17、 and Mike do _ homework in the evening.Aone's Bhis Cher Dtheir10There isn't _ water in the bottle.Aany Bsome CnoDa 課時(shí)二（2）簡(jiǎn)單句一 陳述句1、 概念：說(shuō)明一個(gè)事實(shí)或是陳述說(shuō)話人的看法的句子，句末用句號(hào)。 2、 分類(lèi)：陳述句根據(jù)其語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)，可大體分為“主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)”和“主語(yǔ)+連系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)”兩種；而從語(yǔ)氣的角度分，又可分為肯定陳述句和否定陳述句（1）“主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu) 肯定陳述句I like that book.我喜歡那本書(shū)。（陳述一個(gè)事實(shí)） I really a

18、gree.我確實(shí)同意。（陳述一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)） 否定陳述句I did not buy the TV.我沒(méi)有買(mǎi)那個(gè)電視。（陳述一個(gè)事實(shí)）（2）主語(yǔ)+連系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu) 肯定陳述名The film is boring . 這部電影沒(méi)意思。（陳述觀點(diǎn)） 否定陳述句Smoking is not good for your health.抽煙對(duì)你的健康沒(méi)有好處。（陳述一個(gè)事實(shí)）3、 陳述句的否定結(jié)構(gòu)：陳述句的否定式主要用兩種結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)表達(dá)：（1）句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為be , have 或者謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，其否定結(jié)構(gòu)為：主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + not + 其他成分 I am not a tea

19、cher. 我不是老師。We have not (havent) any books on animals. 我們沒(méi)有任何有關(guān)動(dòng)物方面的書(shū)。 The children are not (arent) playing in the playground. 孩子們沒(méi)在操場(chǎng)上玩。 He will not (wont) come. 他不會(huì)來(lái)。We must not (mustnt) forget the past. 我們不能忘記過(guò)去。 It could not (couldnt) be lost. 它不可能丟的。（2） 當(dāng)句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是do (即行為動(dòng)詞)，而且沒(méi)有助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，其否定結(jié)構(gòu)為：

20、主語(yǔ)+do (does,did) + not + 動(dòng)詞原形 + 其他成分You do not (dont) come here every day . 你沒(méi)有每天都來(lái)這里。 He does not (doesnt) teach this class . 他不教這個(gè)班。They did not(didnt) watch TV last night . 昨晚他們沒(méi)看電視。注意：陳述句的語(yǔ)調(diào)一般用降調(diào)。但在表示疑問(wèn)的語(yǔ)氣時(shí)，用升調(diào)，在書(shū)面上要用問(wèn)號(hào)來(lái)表示。You really want to go to Hong Kong ? 你真的想去香港嗎？這句話表示的是一種疑問(wèn)，只不過(guò)是通過(guò)陳述的語(yǔ)序和疑問(wèn)的

21、語(yǔ)氣來(lái)表達(dá)的二 疑問(wèn)句 疑問(wèn)句是用來(lái)提出疑問(wèn)的句子，句末用問(wèn)號(hào)“？”。常考的疑問(wèn)句有四類(lèi)，即：一般疑問(wèn)句、特殊疑問(wèn)句、選擇疑問(wèn)句、反意疑問(wèn)句。第一節(jié) 一般疑問(wèn)句一般疑問(wèn)句通常需要用yes 或no 來(lái)回答，所以又叫做“是非疑問(wèn)句”。在讀這種句子時(shí)要用升調(diào)。一般疑問(wèn)句主要有以下幾種類(lèi)型： 1、“be + 主語(yǔ) + 表語(yǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu) Are you sleepy ? 你困了嗎？ Yes, I am . 是的，我困了。 3、“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + 主語(yǔ)言+ 行為動(dòng)詞（或be）”結(jié)構(gòu) May/Can I use the telephone? 我能用這部電話嗎？ Yes, you can. 是的，可以。 5、“助動(dòng)詞（

22、do, does, did）+ 主語(yǔ) + 行為動(dòng)詞”結(jié)構(gòu) Do you like swimming in summer? 你喜歡夏天游泳嗎？ No, I dont . 不，我不喜歡。難點(diǎn)提示回答否定性一般疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，要在Yes 后面用肯定結(jié)構(gòu)，表示肯定；在No 后面用否定結(jié)構(gòu)，表示否定。注意在說(shuō)法上正好與漢語(yǔ)習(xí)慣相反。訣竅是在回答的時(shí)候，只要把它當(dāng)成沒(méi)有加否定形式的普通一般疑問(wèn)句看待就可以了。注意下面例句的回答和它的意思。 Is he not your elder brother? 他不是你的哥哥嗎？ Yes, he is . 不，他是（我的哥哥）。No, he is not. 是的，他不是（我

23、的哥哥）。 Isnt she very clever? 她難道不是很聰明嗎？ Yes, she is. 不，她很聰明。 No, she is not . 是，她不聰明。第二節(jié) 特殊疑問(wèn)句一、特殊疑問(wèn)句是用來(lái)提出來(lái)特定問(wèn)題的疑問(wèn)句，要求聽(tīng)到問(wèn)題的人針對(duì)特定情況來(lái)做具體的回答，不能像一般疑問(wèn)句一樣簡(jiǎn)單地用Yes 或No 來(lái)回答，特殊疑問(wèn)句要用降調(diào)來(lái)讀。 二、特殊疑問(wèn)句的結(jié)構(gòu)：特殊疑問(wèn)詞 + 一般疑問(wèn)句Who do English homework in the evening?誰(shuí)晚上做英語(yǔ)家庭作業(yè)？ What do you do in the evening?你晚上做什么？What homewor

24、k do you do in the evening?你晚上做什么家庭作業(yè)？When do you do English homework?你什么時(shí)候做英語(yǔ)家庭作業(yè)？三、注意：對(duì)人提問(wèn)時(shí)who“誰(shuí)”對(duì)所屬（誰(shuí)的）提問(wèn)用whose“誰(shuí)的” 對(duì)哪一個(gè)提問(wèn)用which“哪一個(gè)”對(duì)時(shí)間提問(wèn)用when“什么時(shí)候”或what time“幾點(diǎn)” 對(duì)物體提問(wèn)用what“什么” 對(duì)地點(diǎn)提問(wèn)用where“哪里” 對(duì)原因提問(wèn)用why“為什么” 對(duì)方式提問(wèn)用how“怎么樣” 對(duì)數(shù)量提問(wèn)用how many“多少”（用于可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)）或how much“多少”（用于不可數(shù)名詞）四、難點(diǎn)提示1、 以why開(kāi)頭的特殊疑問(wèn)句否

25、定形式常用于表示建議、請(qǐng)求等。 Why dont you have a try? 你為什么不試試呢？2、 特殊疑問(wèn)句常用到一些縮略形式，在平時(shí)學(xué)習(xí)中要注意習(xí)慣這些用法。I dont want to go there. How about you? 我不想去那兒，你呢？ But what else? 可是還有什么呢？把下列句子變成否定句：1. I am listening to music. _ 2. Mike is a student. _3Sarah can clean the classroom. _ 4. They are in the zoo. _ 5. There are some

26、flowers in the vase._6. This is my sister. _ 7. We are sweeping the floor._8. We need some masks. _9. They like making the puppet. _ 10. Su Hai and Su Yang live in a new house._11. I put a book on my head._ 12. They sing “In the classroom” together._ 13. We play basketball on Sundays._ 14. Tom likes

27、 listening to music_肯定句改一般疑問(wèn)句的方法肯定句改一般疑問(wèn)句的方法肯定句改一般疑問(wèn)句的方法肯定句改一般疑問(wèn)句的方法三步法1. 有be動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：be動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞提到句首，其余照抄，(some改成any，my改成your）句末用問(wèn)號(hào)。2. 無(wú)be動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，在句首加Do/Does/Did，其余照抄，(some改成any，my改成your）句末用問(wèn)號(hào)。 3. 加Does、did 的句子注意，句子動(dòng)詞要變成原型。 例如： 陳述句: They are in the park. He can play the guitar. 一般疑問(wèn)句: Are they in the

28、park? Can he play the guitar? 陳述句: I like the ducks. He likes the dogs. 一般疑問(wèn)句： Do you like the ducks? Does he like the dogs? 把下列句子變成一般疑問(wèn)句 1. I am listening to music. _2. Mike is a student. _ 3. Sarah can clean the classroom._4. They are in the zoo. _ 5. There are some flowers in the vase._6. This is

29、 my sister. _7. We are sweeping the floor._8. We need some masks. _ 9. They like making the puppet. _ 10. Su Hai and Su Yang live in a new house._ 11. I put a book on my head._ 12. They sing “In the classroom” together._ 13. We play basketball on Sundays._ 14. Tom likes listening to music_關(guān)于特殊疑問(wèn)詞問(wèn)人（

30、誰(shuí)）who 地點(diǎn)（何地） where 時(shí)間（何時(shí)） when、what time 東西/職業(yè)/事物(什么) what 方式方法程序身體（怎樣） how 年齡 how old .怎么樣（提建議） How about 多少錢(qián) How much 誰(shuí)的 whose book 問(wèn)星期 what day 問(wèn)日期 what date 問(wèn)數(shù)量多少 (可數(shù)名詞) How many people 問(wèn)數(shù)量（不可數(shù)名詞） How much water 顏色what color 班級(jí) what class 年級(jí) what grade 時(shí)間 what time 哪一個(gè) which which class 1、根據(jù)劃線部分

31、確定是什么疑問(wèn)詞, 后面寫(xiě)原句變成的一般疑問(wèn)句，句末問(wèn)號(hào)。 2、how many后必須先寫(xiě)物品，再寫(xiě)一般疑問(wèn)句等。1、A: _ is the boy in blue? B:Hes Mike.2、A: _ pen is it? B:Its mine.3、A: _ is the diary? B:Its under the chair.4、A: _ is the Chirstmas Day? B: Its on the 25th of December. 5、A: _ are the earphones? B:They are 25 yuan. 6、A: _ is the cup? B:Its b

32、lue. 7、A: _ is it today? B:Its Sunday.8、A: _ was it yesterday? B: It was the 13th of October. 9、A: _ this red one? B:Its beautiful.12. A:_ is your cousin? B: Hes 15 years old. 13、A:_ do you have dinner? B: At 6 oclock 綜合練習(xí)1. The children have a good time in the park. 否定句：_ 一般疑問(wèn)句：_2. There is only on

33、e problem. 否定句：_一般疑問(wèn)句：_ 肯定/否定回答：_7.She has some bread for lunch today. 否定句：_ 一般疑問(wèn)句：_肯定/否定回答：_ . 句型轉(zhuǎn)換題1. The girl is singing in the classroom.( 改為否定句） 改為一般疑問(wèn)句5. I can speak English.(改為一般疑問(wèn)句） 6. I am writing now.(同上）7. I have a desk and a chair.(用He做主語(yǔ)改寫(xiě)句子）8. She is buying some food in the supermarket

34、.（改為否定句） 10. Does she like growing flowers? （給予否定回答） 課時(shí)三have作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞 1.表示“有”的意思     Look, I have wings, just like you. He had fair hair and blue eyes. 注1：其否定和疑問(wèn)形式變化，在美國(guó)通常用助動(dòng)詞do。     注2：在英國(guó)口語(yǔ)中常用have got代替have.     Look, cant you see I've got teeth, too,     I

35、haven't got any jewelry.    2.have和一些其他名詞連用，表示：     (1)一種活動(dòng)。     We have no classes on Sunday.（上課）    theyre going to have a volleyball match.（舉行比賽）  Are we going to have a meeting this week?（開(kāi)會(huì)）    We are going to have a talk this afternoon

36、.（聽(tīng)報(bào)告）    (2)患病。     I have got a headache.     I have a bad cold.    (3)發(fā)生的情況。     I've had so many falls that I'm black and blue all over.（跌跤）    (4)生育。     The queen ant may have tens of thousands of babies in one summe

37、r.    3.和一與動(dòng)詞同形的名詞連用，表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作（havea由動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化和名詞）     Are you going to have a swim.     I have a long talk with the teacher.    4.have on sth.或have sth. on，表示“穿著”、“戴著”(=to be wearing)    I noticed he had on bedroom slippers.    At the ball Motile

38、had a diamond necklace on.     5.表示“吃”、“喝”     I wanted to have a cup of tea and some eggs.     Does she have lunch at home?    6.組成復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)即“have賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)”     (1)不加to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)(have sb. do sth.)，表示讓、叫某人做某事。     The soldier had him stand with

39、his back to his father.     注：否定結(jié)構(gòu)表示“不能讓”或“從未有人”.     We won't have you blame it on others.     She had never had anybody speak to her that way before.     (2)現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)(have sb.(sth.)doing)，表示讓?zhuān)ㄊ梗┠橙俗瞿呈隆?    the two men had their lights burning a

40、ll night long.     (3)過(guò)去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)(have sb. (sth.)done)，表示：     使（讓?zhuān)?qǐng)）別人作某事，表示的動(dòng)作是別人做的。     Emperor Qin Shi Huang had all the walls joined up.     he should have new clothes made of this splendid cloth for the coming great procession.    遭遇到某事。  

41、  Workers in some industries have their hearing harmed by the noise of the machine.課時(shí)三英語(yǔ)名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則一、絕大多數(shù)的可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，是在該詞末尾加上后輟-s。讀音變化：結(jié)尾是清輔音讀s，結(jié)尾是濁輔音或元音讀z。例：friendfriends; catcats; stylestyles; sportsports; piecepieces二、凡是以s、z、x、ch、sh結(jié)尾的詞，在該詞末尾加上后輟-es構(gòu)成復(fù)數(shù)。讀音變化：統(tǒng)一加讀iz。例：busbuses; quizquizzes; fox

42、foxes; matchmatches; flashflashes三、以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的名詞，將y改變?yōu)閕，再加-es。讀音變化：加讀z。例：candycandies; daisydaisies; fairyfairies; ladyladies; storystories四、以-o結(jié)尾的名詞，如果不是外來(lái)詞或縮寫(xiě)，就加-es，否則加-s構(gòu)成復(fù)數(shù)。讀音變化：加讀z。例：tomatotomatoes; potatopotatoes; torpedotorpedoes; bingobingoes反例：silosilos; pianopianos（外來(lái)詞）; photophotos; macrom

43、acros（縮寫(xiě)詞）五、以-f或-fe結(jié)尾的名詞，多為將-f或-fe改變?yōu)?ves，但有例外。讀音變化：尾音f改讀vz。例：knifeknives; lifelives; leafleaves; staffstaves; scarfscarves反例：roofroofs六、以-us結(jié)尾的名詞（多為外來(lái)詞），通常將-us改變?yōu)?i構(gòu)成復(fù)數(shù)。讀音變化：尾音Es改讀ai，其中kEs要改讀為sai，gEs要改讀為dVai。例：fungusfungi; abacusabaci; focusfoci; cactuscacti; cestuscesti七、以-is結(jié)尾的名詞，通常將-is改變?yōu)?es。讀音變

44、化：尾音is改讀i:z。例：axisaxes; basisbases; narisnares; hypothesishypotheses; restisrestes八、以-ix結(jié)尾的名詞，通常將-ix改變?yōu)?ices，但有例外。讀音變化：尾音iks改讀isi:z。例：matrixmatrices; directrixdirectrices; calixcalices; appendixappendices 反例：affixaffixes九、以-um結(jié)尾的名詞，將-um改變?yōu)?a。讀音變化：去掉鼻尾音。例：forumfora; stadiumstadia; aquariumaquaria; da

45、tumdata; vacuumvacua十、以-a結(jié)尾的名詞，在該詞末尾加上后輟-e。讀音變化：尾音E改讀i:。例：larvalarvae; formulaformulae; alaalae; mediamediae; hydrahydrae十一、部分單詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式不變。讀音變化：保持原音。例：fishfish; sheepsheep; cattlecattle; deerdeer; salmonsalmon十二、極少數(shù)單詞，其復(fù)數(shù)形式?jīng)]有任何規(guī)律。讀音變化：沒(méi)有規(guī)律。例：manmen; womanwomen; childchildren; personpeople; oxoxen十三、一些單

46、數(shù)詞得加en才能變成復(fù)數(shù)詞：例：oxoxen; childchildren; brotherbrethren十四、一些單數(shù)詞得改頭換面一番,才能變成復(fù)數(shù)詞例：analysisanalyses分析; basisbases基礎(chǔ); datumdata數(shù)據(jù); footfeet;formulaformulae/formulas公式; goosegeese; louselice虱子; manmenmousemice; mediummedia/mediums媒介; memorandummemoranda/memorandums備忘錄;parenthesisparentheses 圓括號(hào); phenomeno

47、nphenomena現(xiàn)象; radiusradii 半徑toothteeth; womanwomen十五、有些名詞是單數(shù)、復(fù)數(shù)不分的例：deer; fish; cannon; sheep; salmon 鮭魚(yú); trout 鱒魚(yú)十六、一些名詞雖分單數(shù)、復(fù)數(shù)，但出現(xiàn)次數(shù)多的總是單數(shù)詞例：abscence; clothing; film; help; furniture家具; machinery機(jī)械; news; scenery風(fēng)景; sugar;traffic交通十七、另一些名詞則以復(fù)數(shù)詞出現(xiàn)的機(jī)會(huì)較多例：bellows風(fēng)箱; clothes; police; shorts短褲; scissor

48、s剪刀; spectacles眼鏡; shears大剪刀trousers長(zhǎng)褲; wages工資十八、compound nouns，這類(lèi)復(fù)數(shù)詞是以主要的名詞來(lái)表示例：daughter-in-lawdaughters-in-law 媳婦; father-in-lawfathers-in-law岳父man-of-warmen-of-war兵艦; maid-servantmaid-servantsstep-sonstep-sons晚子; son-in-lawsons-in-law十九、若表達(dá)具體數(shù)目，要借助數(shù)量詞例：pair(對(duì)，雙); suit(套); a pair of glasses; two

49、pairs of trousers二十、另外還有一些名詞，其復(fù)數(shù)形式有時(shí)可表示特別意思，例：goods貨物，waters水域，fishes（各種）魚(yú)二十一、除人民幣元、角、分外，美元、英鎊、法郎等都有復(fù)數(shù)形式。例：a dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters以O(shè)結(jié)尾的詞，許多加es構(gòu)成復(fù)數(shù)，特別是一些常用詞如：heroes,potatoes,tomatoes,echoes,tornadoes,torpedoes,dominoes,vetoes,mosquitoes,Negroes,mangoes,buffaloes,volcanoes 但下面幾類(lèi)詞只加s：1.以“元音