初中英語零基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)

1、零基礎(chǔ)英語道勤文化學(xué)校 編寫目錄第一章 詞類及基本句型3第二章 名詞3第三章 一般時(shí)態(tài)5第四章 代詞7第五章 數(shù)詞10第六章 常用其它時(shí)態(tài)14第七章 感嘆句16第八章 形容詞、副詞比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)18第九章 冠詞21第十章 反義疑問句26第十一章 主謂一致29第十二章 介詞32第十三章 定語從句36第十四章 狀語從句39第一章 詞類及基本句型 一、詞類名詞：表示人、食物或抽象概念的名稱 動(dòng)詞：表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)（及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞） 形容詞：修飾名詞、代詞。“的” 副詞：修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞。“地”二、基本句型基本句型一：主語+謂語（不及物動(dòng)詞）基本句型二：主語+謂語（及物動(dòng)詞）+ 賓語基本句型三：主

2、語+系動(dòng)詞+表語基本句型四：主語+謂語+直接賓語+間接賓語基本句型五：主語+謂語+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語基本句型六：There be 句型三、練習(xí)判斷下列句子屬于那種句型1. He made the boy laugh.2. Toms mother sounded worried.3. My father often reads newspaper after supper.4. We gave them some money.5. Mr Johnson taught us German last year.6. All of us considered him honest.7. Classes

3、begin at eight every day.8. The report sounds interesting. 9. Would you please pass me the dictionary? 10. The pain made him cry out. 11. You should study hard. 12. Her job is to look after the children in the hospital. 13. They push the door open.第二章 名詞一、名詞的分類及數(shù)（1）名詞 普通名詞 可數(shù)名詞 不可數(shù)名詞 專有名詞 表人、地方、機(jī)構(gòu)、事

4、物、組織的專用名稱（2）名詞變復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則（3）特殊的名詞變復(fù)數(shù)單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)意義單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)意義footfeet腳；英尺knifeknives刀toothteeth牙齒womanwomen婦女childchildren孩子oxoxen牛basisbases基礎(chǔ)phenomenonphenomena現(xiàn)象（4）單復(fù)數(shù)相同 fish chicken fruit deer sheep means(方式) Swiss(瑞士人) Chinese Japanese works（工廠）crossroads（十字路口）head（牲畜數(shù)量“頭”）（5）名詞形式上是單數(shù)，意義上是復(fù)數(shù)cattle 牛（總稱）、people 人

5、民、police 警察、staff 全體員工（6）學(xué)科類名詞，形式上是復(fù)數(shù)，意義上是單數(shù)politics 政治； physics 物理； maths 數(shù)學(xué)（7）不可數(shù)名詞常見易錯(cuò)：advice建議; furniture家具; equipment設(shè)備；fun樂趣；information信息；paper紙；work工作；progress進(jìn)步；traffic交通；housework家務(wù)勞動(dòng)；wealth財(cái)富。（8）有些名詞既可做可數(shù)又可做不可數(shù)名詞可數(shù)不可數(shù)名詞可數(shù)不可數(shù)glass玻璃杯玻璃danger危險(xiǎn)人物危險(xiǎn)room房間空間time次數(shù)倍數(shù)時(shí)間work工廠工程工作life生命生活二. 名詞所有

6、格（1）有生命的在詞尾加“s”；無生命的用“of +名詞”（2）雙重所有格構(gòu)成 a/an/this/that + 名詞 + of +名詞性物主代詞/名詞所有格 注意:of 前的名詞一定要有a/an/this/that等限定詞 of前的名詞不能是專有名詞 of 后的名詞必須是特定的指認(rèn)的名詞 如：these books of my friends a friend of my fathers a friend of mine三、練習(xí)1. This is _ reading-room.A. the teachers B. teachers C. teachers D. the teachers2.

7、 Nothing was found but _ broken.A. the room window B. the rooms window C. the room of the window D. the window of room3. How many_ would you like? A. paper B. bread C. pieces of papers D. pieces of bread4. Please get me a new _ when you go to town.A. clothes B. dress C. clothing D. trousers5. There

8、are 34_ doctors in the hospital.A. woman B. women C. womans D. womens6. He is old , but he has _to do every day.A. a lot of work B. much worksC. lots of homeworks D. quite a lot of homeworks7. Therere many _ in my brothers album.A. leafs B. toys C. books D. stamps8. Yesterday I went to the market an

9、d bought a lot of _.A. tomatoes B. potatos C. vegetable D. meats13.Please remember to give the horse some tree _.A leafs B leaves C leaf D leave14.The son asked his mother to buy _ glasses for him.A a type of B a pile of C a piece of D a pair of15.There is a _ of wood left on the ground.A cup B piec

10、e C box D pair16.- What do you think of the _ there? - They are very delicious.A cakes B meat C rice D milk9. Today is September 10th. Its _ Day. Lets go and buy some flowers for our teachers.A Teachers B Teachers C the Teachers D Teachers10.-Wheres your father? - At _.A Mr Greens B Mr Green C the M

11、r Greens D Mr Greens11. He found two _ in the room.A photos B heros C tomatos D potatos12.This table is made of _.A many glass B glasses C some glasses D glass第三章 一般時(shí)態(tài)一、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)用法：表示經(jīng)常性習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或常存在的狀態(tài)；客觀真理構(gòu)成：主語+be動(dòng)詞（am、is、are）+表語 主語（單三）+動(dòng)詞實(shí)義動(dòng)詞（s/es）時(shí)間狀語：often、usually、every（day、week、month）二、一般過去時(shí)用法：表示過去技經(jīng)

12、常或反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)構(gòu)成：主語+be動(dòng)詞（was、were）+表語 主語+動(dòng)詞過去式時(shí)間狀語：yesterday、at that time、last（week、month、year）三、一般將來時(shí)用法：表示將要發(fā)生的事情或存在的事情構(gòu)成：主語+will/shall（第一人稱）+動(dòng)詞原形 表示未經(jīng)事先思考的意圖，表明說話者的觀點(diǎn)、主觀意識(shí) 主語+be going to+動(dòng)詞原形 表示已經(jīng)決定或安排要做的事，客觀跡象表明必然或可能發(fā)生的事，表示自然現(xiàn)象 主語+be to+動(dòng)詞原形 表示計(jì)劃中約定的或按職責(zé)、義務(wù)必須去做或即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作 主語+ be about to+動(dòng)詞原形（常與whe

13、n連用）表示主觀要做的事，常與when連用四、時(shí)態(tài)練習(xí)題1.-Nancy is not coming to the party tonight. -But she _ me shed love to.A tells B told C will tell D is going to tell2. If I find his telephone number，I _ you. A tell B told C is telling D will tell 3.Jim _ to work in his home after he graduated from university.A goes B w

14、ent C will go D have gone4.Keep practicing and you _ your English. A improve B will improve C improving D improves5.-When _ Jim _ to New York? -Yesterday A does; get B did; get C will; get D has; got6.Teacher told us the earth _ around the sun. A travelled B travels C will travel D travelling7. -Ann

15、 is in hospital. - I _ , I _ her.A didnt know; will see B knows; will see C knows ; sees D didnt know; saw第四章 代詞一、人稱代詞的用法1.人稱代詞的人稱、數(shù)和格。 2.人稱代詞有主格和賓格之分。如：I like table tennis. （作主語） Do you know him?（作賓語）3.人稱代詞還可作表語。作表語時(shí)用賓格。 如：-Whos is knocking at the door? -Its me.4.人稱代詞在than之后與其他人或事物進(jìn)行比較時(shí)，用主格和賓格都可以。如

16、：He is older than me. He is older than I am.單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)主格賓格主格賓格第一人稱Imeweus第二人稱youyouyouyou第三人稱hesheithimherittheythem二、物主代詞的用法1.表示所有關(guān)系的代詞叫物主代詞。2. 形容詞性物主代詞的作用相當(dāng)于形容詞，可在句中作定語。例如：Our teacher is coming to see us. This is her pencil-box.注意：名詞性物主代詞的作用相當(dāng)于名詞，在句中可用作主語、賓語和表語。Our school is here, and theirs is there.（作

17、主語）- Is this English-book yours? （作表語）- No. Mine is in my bag.I've already finished my homework. Have you finished yours?（作賓語）數(shù)人稱形容詞性物主代詞名詞性物主代詞單數(shù)第一人稱mymine第二人稱youryours第三人稱hishisherhersitsits復(fù)數(shù)第一人稱ourours第二人稱youryours第三人稱theirtheirs練習(xí)題：1. This is not my pencil-box. _ ( I ) is in the bag.2. Tree

18、s are planted in _ ( we ) country every year, which makes our country more and more beautiful.3. -Is that bike Miss Gaos? -Yes, it is _(she) . Beautiful, isnt it?4. Help _ (you) to some fruit, Jack.5. -Who taught your brother to surf ? -Nobody. He learnt all by _ (he).6. Their English teacher is fro

19、m America, but _ (we) is from England.7. Marys answer is different from _ ( I ).8. -My watch keeps good time. What about _ (you)? -Mine? Oh, two minutes slow.9. Sam is my brother. Do you like to play with _ (he)?10. Did you enjoy _ (you), Mary and Kate?三、反身代詞的用法 英語中用來表示“自己”，等意義的代詞稱為反身代詞。反身代詞在句中作賓語，表

20、語，同位語。1. 作賓語，表示動(dòng)作的承受者就是動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者，主語和賓語。指同一個(gè)人或一些人。 He called himself a writer Would you please express yourself in English?2. 作表語。It doesnt matterIll be myself soonThe girl in the news is myself 3. 作主語或賓語的同位語，表示親自或本人。I myself washed the clothes=I washed the clothes myself. （作主語同位語） You should ask the te

21、acher himself（作賓語同位語）I - myself 我自己 you - yourself 你自己he - himself 他自己 she - herself 她自己it - itself 它自己 we - ourselves 我們自己you - yourselves 你們自己 they - themselves 他們自己常用短語1. by oneself 單獨(dú)的；獨(dú)自的 2. enjoy oneself 玩的愉快3. help oneself to 自用 4. dress oneself 自己穿衣服5. say to oneself 自言自語 6. teach oneself =

22、learn by oneself 自學(xué)四、指示代詞的用法 指示代詞包括：this，that，these，those。 1.this和these指在時(shí)間或空間上較近的事物或人， that和those則指時(shí)間和空間上較遠(yuǎn)的事物或人，例:This is a pen and that is a pencil We are busy these days In those days the workers had a hard time2. 有時(shí)that和those指前面講到過的事物， this 和these則是指下面將要講到的事物例:I had a cold. That's why I did

23、n't come. What I want to say is this ; Pronunciation is very important in learning English3. 有時(shí)為了避免重復(fù)提到的名詞，?？捎胻hat或those代替例:Television sets made in Beijing are just as good as those made in Shanghai4. this 在電話用語中代表自己，that 則代表對(duì)方。例:Hello! This is Mary. Is that Jack speaking?五、疑問代詞的用法 疑問代詞有who，whom

24、，whose，what和which等。疑問代詞用于特殊疑問句中，一般在句首，并在句子中作為某一句子成分。Who is going to come here tomorrow?（作主語） What is that? (作表語)Whose umbrella is this? (作定語) Whom are you waiting for? (作賓語)六、不定代詞的用法不是指明代替任何特定名詞的代詞叫做不定代詞，不定代詞有：some, any， many, much, each, neither, other, another, all, both, one, none, either在句中可作主語、

25、表語、賓語和定語。七、相互代詞的用法表示相互關(guān)系的代詞叫做相互代詞。相互代詞有each other 和one another兩種形 式。在當(dāng)代英語中，each other和one another沒有什么區(qū)別。相互代詞可在句中作賓語，定語。作定語用時(shí)，相互代詞用所有格形式。We should learn from each other / one another. （賓語）Do you often write to each other / one another? （賓語）We often borrow each other's / one another's books. 定

26、語The students corrected each other's / one another's mistakes in their homework. （作定語）八、練習(xí)題1 These are books. Yours are over there. A I B my C me D mine2 is she? She is a teacher. A What B How C Who D Where3 is wrong with my watch. It has stopped. A Something, working B Something, to work C

27、Any thing, working D Anything, to work4 Mary, help to the bananas, please. A you B your C yourself D yourselves5 do you go to school every day? By bus. A How B Why C When D Where6 My skirt is popular than. A much, her B much, hers C more, her D more, hers7 Can you speak English? Yes, but only. A few

28、 B a few C little D a little8 Mr.Smith is an old friend of. A I B me C my D mine9 “ do you hear from your parents?” “About once a month.” A How long B How many C How often D How much10 Mr Green wouldn't say at the meeting. A everything B nothing C anything D something11 “Mum, Ann's coming to

29、night. Let's give her to eat.” “Good idea!” A anything nice B nice anything C something nice D nice something12 When shall we meet, this evening or tomorrow evening? I don't mind. time is OK. A Some B Neither C Either D Both13 This is not her kite,but. A hes B him C he D his14 Don't worr

30、y, Mum! news is good news. I'm sure daddy will come back soon. A No B Many C Those D Two第五章 數(shù)詞一、分類1.基數(shù)詞：表示數(shù)目多少（1）以下是最基本的基數(shù)詞，學(xué)習(xí)者必須牢記：one(1), two(2), three(3), four(4), five(5), six(6), seven(7), eight(8), nine(9), ten(10), eleven(11), twelve(12), thirteen(13), fourteen(14), fifteen(15), sixteen(1

31、6), seventeen(17), eighteen(18), nineteen(19), twenty(20), thirty(30), forty(40), fifty(50), sixty(60), seventy(70), eighty(80), ninety(90), a hundred(100), a thousand(1000), a million(1000000), a billion (十億)（2）2199 的表示法。先說“幾十”，再說“幾”，中間加連字號(hào)：twenty-one(21), thirty-six(36), forty-five(45), ninety-nin

32、e(99)等。（3）101999的表示法。先說“幾百”，后接and，再加末尾兩位數(shù)(或末位數(shù))：one hundred and one(101), five hundred and thirty(530), seventy hundred and eighty-nine(789)（3）1000 以上的基數(shù)詞。先從右至左數(shù)，每三位數(shù)加一個(gè)逗號(hào)(即以此把數(shù)目分為若干段)。第一個(gè)逗號(hào)前的數(shù)為thousand(千)，第二個(gè)逗號(hào)前的數(shù)million(百萬)，第三個(gè)逗號(hào)前的數(shù)為billion(十億)，第四個(gè)逗號(hào)前的數(shù)為 trillion(萬億)，然后一段一段地?cái)?shù)2.序數(shù)詞：表示先后順序。1) 序數(shù)詞第一、

33、第二和第三為first, second和third,其他序數(shù)詞的構(gòu)成是在基數(shù)詞后加th 2) fifth(第五)、 eighth (第八)、 ninth (第九)和twelfth (第十二)3) 二十、三十等基數(shù)詞變?yōu)樾驍?shù)詞時(shí),要把y變成ie再加-th。例如：  twenty twentieth forty fortieth 4) 基數(shù)詞幾十幾變成序數(shù)詞時(shí),表示幾十的數(shù)詞不變,只把表示幾的基數(shù)詞變成序數(shù)詞。 例如：  twenty-one twenty-first   forty-five forty-fifth 5) 第一百、第一千

34、、第一百萬、第十億都是在基數(shù)詞后直接加th構(gòu)成。例如：第一百hundredth ； 第一千thousandth； 第一百萬millionth；  第十億billionth 6）序數(shù)詞的縮略是由阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字加序數(shù)詞的最后兩個(gè)字母構(gòu)成例如：1st,2nd,3rd,4th,21st,32nd,40th 二、分?jǐn)?shù)表達(dá)法     分?jǐn)?shù)由基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞合成。分子用基數(shù)詞，分母用序數(shù)詞。分子是1時(shí)，分母(序數(shù)詞)用單數(shù)形式；分子大于1時(shí)，分母用復(fù)數(shù)形式，序數(shù)詞加-s。讀帶分?jǐn)?shù)時(shí)，先讀整數(shù)部分，再讀分?jǐn)?shù)部分。 1/2one half

35、 或 a half ； 1/4one fourth 或 one (a) quarter 3/4three quarters或 three fourths； 4/5four fifths 2-1/3two and a (one)third； 3-5/6three and five sixths 32-3/4thirty-two and three quarters (three fourths) 三、小數(shù)表達(dá)法     整數(shù)與小數(shù)之間用小數(shù)點(diǎn)隔開。讀小數(shù)時(shí),每位數(shù)字(特別是小數(shù)點(diǎn)后面的)要單獨(dú)讀出。小數(shù)點(diǎn)讀作point(點(diǎn))，零讀作zero(或naught

36、)。如果整數(shù)是零,往往不讀出。     0.1 zero(naught)point one 或 point one     0.03zero(naught)point naught three 或 zero point zero three     2.25two point two five； 14.16fourteen point one six 205.37two hundred and five point three seven 四、百分?jǐn)?shù)   

37、  百分?jǐn)?shù)用下面形式表示：     5%5.per cent(縮寫：5.PC) 讀作：five percent     23%23.per cent(縮寫：23.PC)讀作：twenty-three percent五、常見的數(shù)字符號(hào)和等式的讀法     = (等于號(hào)) 讀作 equals；+ (加號(hào)) 讀作 plus或and (減號(hào)) 讀作minus； × (乘號(hào)) 讀作times 或multiplied by    

38、; ÷ (除號(hào))讀作divided by 六、時(shí)刻表達(dá)法     表示時(shí)刻有兩種說法：逆讀法，先分鐘,后鐘點(diǎn)；順讀法，先鐘點(diǎn),后分鐘。七、年 月 日表達(dá)法 1)年份用基數(shù)詞,日期用序數(shù)詞例如： 1988年5月1日可以寫作 May 1(st),1988，讀作May the first, nineteen  eighty-eight；或者1(st)May,1988,讀作the first of May, nineteen eighty-eight 2)英語年份的讀法：一般先讀前兩位數(shù),再讀后兩位數(shù)。例如：19

39、83nineteen eighty-three；1700seventeen hundred； 1870eighteen seventy；1601sixteen a one或sixteen hundred and one；   965nine sixty-five 或nine six five 3)年代用年份的阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字加-s  或-s表示例如：十八世紀(jì)三十年代1730s/1730sthe seventeen thirties      二十世紀(jì)六十年代1960s/1960sthe nineteen sixties

40、八十年代初期the early eighties九十年代末期the late nineties 4)月份 一年12個(gè)月的英語寫法如下：     一月January 二月February 三月March 四月April     五月May 六月June 七月July 八月August 九月September十月October 十一月November 十二月December 八、電話號(hào)碼及編號(hào)  編號(hào)既可以用序數(shù)詞,也可用基數(shù)詞。例如：the tenth lesson；Lesson Ten 第十課； 

41、;the fiftieth page ；Page 50第五十頁有的編號(hào)習(xí)慣上常用基數(shù)詞。例如：Room 321(讀作three two one) 321號(hào)房間 Tel.No.4013586(讀作Telephone number four 0 one three five eight six) 九、練習(xí)題1. Lincoln was born on _. A. February 12, 1809  B. 1809, February 12   C. 1809, 12 February   D. February 1809,122. A

42、_ boy can sing the English song very well.  A. ten-year-old    B. ten years old    C. ten-years-old    D. fifth years old3. An hour later, _ minister was sent to see the “magic cloth” worn by those two men. A. two    B. the second 

43、;    C. the two    D. second4. Abraham Lincoln was _ President of the United States.  A. 16     B. the 16      C. 16th      D. the 16th5. Do you think there is any room for us _ ?  A. two

44、60;    B. the two      C. second      D. the second6. How many students are there in your class? _.  A. Twenty nine    B. Thirty and two     C. Forty-five    D. fifties7. Which number is wro

45、ng? _.  A. Ninety     B. Ninteen      C. Ninth      D. Nineteenth8. The People's Liberation Army was founded _.  A. on August 1, 1927   B. in 1927, 1 August   C. on August 1st, 1927   D.

46、 in August 1, 19279. The number 4,123 is read _. A. four thousand one hundred and twenty-three  B. four thousand and one hundred twenty-three C. four thousand and a hundred and twenty-three  D. four thousands a hundred and twenty-three10. The old professor still works hard though

47、 he is _.  A. in his sixty    B. in his sixties    C. in sixties    D. in the sixty11. This classroom is _ ours.  A. three times big as  B. as three times big as  C. three times as big as  D. as big three times as12. The basketbal

48、l team of our school ranks _ in the match.  A. three     B. third      C. the three       D. the third13. Which is the car that he drives? It's _. A. fifty two    B. the fifty-two cars   

49、; C. the car fifty four     D. the fifty-fourth car14. Which of the following is wrong? _.  A. He is a fifteen-year-old boy.        B. He is at the age of 15.  C. He is a boy of 15.         

50、       D. He is fifteen year old.15. Our school is not very big. There are only _ students.  A. nine hundreds of   B. nine hundred    C. nine hundreds     D. nine hundred of16. How many new words are there in _ lesson? &

51、#160;  There are only _.  A. five; fifth    B. fifth; five    C. the fifth; the five    D. the fifth; five17. _, Coca-Cola began to enter China's market.  A. In 1970's    B. In 1970s     C. In

52、 the 1970s'     D. In the 1970s18. There was no bus in that small town. We had a _.  A. ten miles walk     B. ten-mile walk    C. ten mile's walk     D. tenth mile walk19. Today is the first day and _.  A. T

53、uesday is fourth  B. Thursday is the fourth  C. second is Tuesday D. a second is Thursda第六章 常用其它時(shí)態(tài)一、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)1.用法：表示現(xiàn)階段說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作2.構(gòu)成：主語+ be（am、is、are）+ 動(dòng)詞-ing3.時(shí)間狀語：now, at this moment，at present，look！listen！二、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)1.用法：表示過去某一階段說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作2.構(gòu)成：主語+ be（was、were）+ 動(dòng)詞-ing3.時(shí)間狀語：at that moment三、將來進(jìn)行時(shí)1.用法：表示將來某一階段說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作2.構(gòu)成：主語+ will/shall+be + 動(dòng)詞-ing四、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)1.用法：動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去對(duì)，強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響和結(jié)果；動(dòng)作從過去開始一直延續(xù)至今，并且還有可能持續(xù)下去。2.構(gòu)成：主語 + have/has + 動(dòng)詞過去分詞3.時(shí)間狀語：already、yet、for或since加時(shí)間、so far、up to now、recently（通常不與明確的過去時(shí)間狀語連用）五、